Download as PDF, PPTX
![LLL: Basics
expression := ( <op-code> [<operand> ...] )
<operand> is just expression
0 -> PUSH 0
(mload 0x20) -> PUSH 0x20 MLOAD](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/85/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-41-320.jpg)
![LLL: Advanced
variables: (set ‘name <expression>)
(mload x) / (mstore y z): @x / [y] z
(sload x) / (store y z): @@x / [[y]] z
(calldataload x): $x](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/85/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-42-320.jpg)
![Simple Currency
[[ (caller) ]] 0x1000000000000
(returnlll (when (= (calldatasize) 64) {
(set ‘a @@(caller))
(when (>= @a $32) {
[[(caller)]] (- @a $32)
[[$0]] (+ @@ $0 $32)
})
}))](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/85/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-43-320.jpg)
![LLL: Name Registration
(def ‘registrar
0x50441127ea5b9dfd835a9aba4e1dc9c1257b58ca)
[0] 'register
[32] 'Exchange
(call (- (gas) 21) registrar 0 0 64 0 0)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/85/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-45-320.jpg)
![LLL: Basics
expression := ( <op-code> [<operand> ...] )
<operand> is just expression
0 -> PUSH 0
(mload 0x20) -> PUSH 0x20 MLOAD](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/75/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-41-2048.jpg)
![LLL: Advanced
variables: (set ‘name <expression>)
(mload x) / (mstore y z): @x / [y] z
(sload x) / (store y z): @@x / [[y]] z
(calldataload x): $x](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/75/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-42-2048.jpg)
![Simple Currency
[[ (caller) ]] 0x1000000000000
(returnlll (when (= (calldatasize) 64) {
(set ‘a @@(caller))
(when (>= @a $32) {
[[(caller)]] (- @a $32)
[[$0]] (+ @@ $0 $32)
})
}))](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/75/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-43-2048.jpg)
![LLL: Name Registration
(def ‘registrar
0x50441127ea5b9dfd835a9aba4e1dc9c1257b58ca)
[0] 'register
[32] 'Exchange
(call (- (gas) 21) registrar 0 0 64 0 0)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethereum101-140918162147-phpapp02/75/Ethereum-From-there-to-here-and-ownards-yonder-45-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
Similar to Ethereum: From there to here, and ownards yonder
Ethereum: From there to here, and ownards yonder
- 1. ethereum From thereto here, and onwards yonder Dr. Gavin Wood co-founder and lead developer, ethereum project
- 2. Overview Decentralisation Consensus Blockchain Bitcoin Direction Ethereum Hacking Society
- 3. The problem Agreementnecessary for collaboration. Internet is great for comms but... Too easy to lie.
- 4. The old solution 1. Identify authority 2. Allow authority to impose “truth” 3. Blindly trust authority
- 5. How things are:-( Someone, somewhere
- 6. How things are:-( Someone, somewhere
- 7. Centralisation & CentralAuthorities Single point of control Single point of failure Single bottleneck
- 8. The limitation Authoritymay be: incompetent (Sony &c. vs. thieves) compromised (Google/Facebook &c. vs. NSA) biased (Visa/Mastercard/Paypal vs. Wikileaks) corrupt unavailable unknown
- 9. Technology! Can’t wedo better?
- 10. The new solution Avoid relying on authority. Use consensus of peers.
- 11. How things shouldbe :-)
- 12. How things shouldbe :-)
- 13. Basic Premise “Thetruth is more common than any one lie” Liars can try but, ultimately, they’ll be ignored by all others.
- 14. Which makes... Adecentralised solution for any sort of chronicling. Chronicling: Time-series of archivable data
- 15. Block chain? Digitalmessages (transactions) bundled into: ...Blocks. Blocks linked in a chain to form chronicle.
- 16. The “Block Chain” The “Genesis” block 0 1 2 Proof-of-Work Timestamp Proof-of-Work Timestamp
- 17. PoW: A Buttressof waste “Why your chain and not mine?” Longest chain is “best” shorter chains are ignored Non-trivial to make long chains as energy must be wasted (proof-of-work) in order to create blocks.
- 18. Chain to State It’s one thing to have a single chronicle, it’s another to know what it means What is the language?
- 19. Transaction Semantics ...orthe meaning of a transaction. And thus the accumulated meaning of the chronicle.
- 20. Bitcoin Transaction: thetransfer of some value so it can only be transferred onwards by using (signing with) some secret. Chronicle: The total value accessible by each secret key. i.e. the account balances
- 21. Why form consensus? Alice starts with $100 At the same time: Alice transfers $100 to Bob Alice transfers $100 to Charlie What happens?
- 22. The “double-spend” solution A chronicle that everyone agrees on forces a single order. This is required. $100 goes to either Bob or Charlie, but never both. Second transfer ignored as no funds left. Everyone agrees upon the recipient
- 23. The Alts Attributesaltered such as: Proof-of-Stake: virtual “proof-of-work” Supply: increase, reduce, fixed, random, select Best: GHOST rather than length Speed: Lower block-time
- 24. Where are wegoing? CRYPTO-FINANCE CRYPTO-CURRENCY APP-COINS CRYPTO-LAW Boolean Structured Language Rules Trivial Ammendable General Numeric Discrete (Less Relevant) (More Relevant)
- 25.
- 26. Formally... Collective ofNon-Localised Singleton Programmable Data-Structures no authority, no centre, no server
- 27. Simile Internet isto communication as Ethereum is to agreements
- 28. Another Simile Ethereumis to Bitcoin as a smart-phone is to a calculator
- 29. Bitcoin & Crypto-currencies Used blockchain to implement basic clearing house contract without a central server
- 30. Ethereum & Crypto-law Uses blockchain to implement arbitrary social contracts without a central server
- 31. Ethereum: State LikeBitcoin, accounts with balances. Unlike Bitcoin, accounts can be contracts: code to execute; storage for structured data
- 32. Ethereum: Transactions Likein Bitcoin, transfer funds. Also Transactions have data attached. If destination omitted, creates a contract. If destination is contract, code gets executed.
- 33. Extensible semantics Bitcoin:single accepted semantic for all data. (ownership of funds) Ethereum: semantic dependent on contract.
- 34. Hacking Society Whatdoes a contract look like?
- 35. Code Execution: VirtualMachine Arbitrary size stack PUSH, POP, SWAP, DUP Arbitrary temp memory (2256 bytes addressable) MLOAD, MSTORE Code stored in virtual ROM CODESIZE, CODECOPY
- 36. Virtual Machine Arithmetic/Logic& Crypto ADD, EXP, EQ, AND, LT, BYTE, SHA3 &c Flow control JUMP, JUMPI, PC
- 37. VM: Environment Canread message input data CALLDATALOAD, CALLDATASIZE, CALLDATACOPY Can halt & give message output data RETURN, STOP, SUICIDE
- 38. VM: Environment Arbitrarystorage (2256 words addressable) ISOLATED FROM OTHER ACCOUNTS SLOAD, SSTORE Can create & send messages. CREATE, CALL
- 39. VM: Environment Canquery blockchain information TIMESTAMP, PREVHASH, NUMBER, COINBASE, &c. Other information ADDRESS, BALANCE, ORIGIN, CALLER
- 40. VM Storage, memory& processing costs ETH (actually, costs GAS but GAS ⇔ ETH)
- 41. LLL: Basics expression:= ( <op-code> [<operand> ...] ) <operand> is just expression 0 -> PUSH 0 (mload 0x20) -> PUSH 0x20 MLOAD
- 42. LLL: Advanced variables:(set ‘name <expression>) (mload x) / (mstore y z): @x / [y] z (sload x) / (store y z): @@x / [[y]] z (calldataload x): $x
- 43. Simple Currency [[(caller) ]] 0x1000000000000 (returnlll (when (= (calldatasize) 64) { (set ‘a @@(caller)) (when (>= @a $32) { [[(caller)]] (- @a $32) [[$0]] (+ @@ $0 $32) }) }))
- 44. LLL: More variadicarithmetic/logic macros: (def ‘sqr (x) (* x x)) (sqr 4): (* 4 4)
- 45. LLL: Name Registration (def ‘registrar 0x50441127ea5b9dfd835a9aba4e1dc9c1257b58ca) [0] 'register [32] 'Exchange (call (- (gas) 21) registrar 0 0 64 0 0)
- 46. Possible uses? Virtualcurrencies (Bitcoin) Digital proxy currencies (CFD, ‘Goldcoin’) Financial instruments (Derivatives, Futures) Insurance & gaming Registrars (ICANN, Namecoin, land) Reputation systems (Facebook, eBay)
- 47. And eventually... Trustsystems (Verisign) Deeds & ownership Document revision control Voting systems DAOs Your imagination!
- 48. The Project 100%Free Software Inclusive development, open source code. Official C++, Go, Python implementations. Unofficial Java & Javascript
- 49. Development lead by Ethereum ÐΞV team: Jeff Wilcke Gavin Wood Vitalik Buterin & many contributors...
- 50. Specifications & Implementations: White paper (Buterin) Yellow paper (Wood) C++ (Wood) Go (Wilcke) Python (Buterin et al) Javascript (Becze) Java (Mandeleil, Savers)
- 51. Crowd Sale Recentlyreceived over 30,000 BTC from sale of the future “crypto-fuel”. Development underway at github.com/ethereum (Great C++ coders walk this way!)
- 52. And Web 3.0? The decentralised Web - or - The Web without any web servers
- 58. ethereum From thereto here, and onwards yonder Questions?