Input Output function in c programing language.pptx

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Title: "Exploring
Input/output Function in C
Programming"
Presented By
Amit Kumar, Asma Shamshad
A nd N andini Singh

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Different types of I/O
functions
• Standard Input/Output
functions
• Command line arguments
Functions
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3 3

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Formatted I/O
Functions
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 Formatted I/O functions are used to take
various inputs from the user and display
multiple outputs to the user.
 These types of I/O functions can help to display
the output to the user in different formats using
the format specifiers.
 These I/O supports all data types like int, float,
char, and many more.

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List of some format specifiers
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S NO. Format
Specifier
Type Description
1. %d int/signed int used for I/O signed integer value
2. %c char Used for I/O character value
3. %f float Used for I/O decimal floating-point value
4. %s string
Used for I/O string/group of characters
5. %lf double Used for I/O fractional or floating data
6. %n double prints nothing

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The following formatted I/O functions will be discussed
in this section-
printf()
scanf()
sprintf()
sscanf()
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Printf()
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 printf() function is used in a C program to display
any value like float, integer, character, string, etc
on the console screen.
 It is a pre-defined function that is already declared
in the stdio.h(header file).
 printf(“Format Specifier”, var1, var2, …., varn);

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Example:
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
// Declaring an int type variable
int a;
// Assigning a value in a variable
a = 20;
// Printing the value of a variable
printf("%d", a);
//Printing the string value
printf("This is a string");
return 0;
}
Output :-
20
This is a string

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scanf():
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• scanf() function is used to take any value from the keyboard
by the user.
• Datatype:- integer, float, character, string, and many more.
• This function is declared in stdio.h(header file).
• In scanf() function we use &(address-of operator) which is
used to store the variable value on the memory location of
that variable.
• scanf(“Format Specifier”, &var1, &var2, …., &varn);

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Example:
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#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num1;
// Printing a message on the output screen
printf("Enter a integer number: ");
// Taking an integer value from keyboard
scanf("%d", &num1);
// Displaying the entered value
printf("You have entered %d", num1);
return 0;
}
Output:- Enter a integer number: 56
You have entered 56

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Sprintf()
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•sprintf stands for “string print”. This
function is similar to printf() function
but this function prints the string into
a character array instead of printing it
on the console screen.
•sprintf(array_name, “format
specifier”, variable_name);

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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[50];
int a = 2, b = 8;
// The string "2 and 8 are even number" is now stored into str
sprintf(str, "%d and %d are even number", a, b);
// Displays the string
printf("%s", str);
return 0;
}
Output:- 2 and 8 are even number
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Example:

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Sscanf()
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sscanf stands for “string scanf”. This function is similar
to scanf() function but this function reads data from
the string or character array instead of the console
screen.
sscanf(array_name, “format specifier”,
&variable_name);

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#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[50];
int a = 2, b = 8, c, d;
// The string "a = 2 and b = 8" is now stored into str
// character array
sprintf(str, "a = %d and b = %d", a, b);
// The value of a and b is now in c and d
sscanf(str, "a = %d and b = %d", &c, &d);
// Displays the value of c and d
printf("c = %d and d = %d", c, d);
return 0;
}
Output
c = 2 and d = 8
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Example:

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Unformatted Input/Output functions
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Unformatted I/O functions are used only for character data
type or character array/string and cannot be used for any
other datatype.
These functions are used to read single input from the user at
the console and it allows to display the value at the console.

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Why they are called unformatted I/O?
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These functions are called unformatted I/O
functions because we cannot use format specifiers
in these functions and hence, cannot format these
functions according to our needs.

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The following unformatted I/O functions will be discussed
in this section-
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• getch()
• getche()
• getchar()
• putchar()
• gets()
• puts()
• putch()

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getch()
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getch() function reads a single character from the
keyboard by the user but doesn’t display that
character on the console screen and immediately
returned without pressing enter key. This function
is declared in conio.h(header file). getch() is also
used for hold the screen.
Syntax:
getch();
or
variable-name = getch();

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#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Enter any character: ");
// Reads a character but not displays
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:- Enter any character:
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Example:

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getchar()
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The getchar() function is used to read only a
first single character from the keyboard
whether multiple characters is typed by the
user and this function reads one character at
one time until and unless the enter key is
pressed. This function is declared in
stdio.h(header file)
Syntax:
Variable-name = getchar();

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#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Declaring a char type variable
char ch;
printf("Enter the character: ");
// Taking a character from keyboard
ch = getchar();
// Displays the value of ch
printf("%c", ch);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter the character: a
a 21
Example:

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putchar()
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The putchar() function is used to display a
single character at a time by passing that
character directly to it or by passing a
variable that has already stored a
character. This function is declared in
stdio.h(header file)
Syntax:
putchar(variable_name);

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#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char ch;
printf("Enter any character: ");
// Reads a character
ch = getchar();
// Displays that character
putchar(ch);
return 0;
}
Output: Enter any character: Z
Z 23
Example:

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gets()
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gets() function reads a group of characters or strings from
the keyboard by the user and these characters get stored in
a character array. This function allows us to write space-
separated texts or strings. This function is declared in
stdio.h(header file).
Syntax:
char str[length of string in number]; //Declare a char type
variable of any length
gets(str);

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#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Declaring a char type array of length 50
characters
char name[50];
printf("Please enter some texts: ");
// Reading a line of character or a string
gets(name);
// Displaying this line of character or a string
printf("You have entered: %s", name);
return 0;
}
Output: Please enter some texts: the gets() function
You have entered: the gets() function
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Example:

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puts():
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• In C programming puts() function is
used to display a group of characters
or strings which is already stored in a
character array. This function is
declared in stdio.h(header file)
• Syntax:
• puts(identifier_name );

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#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char name[50];
printf("Enter your text: ");
// Reads string from user
gets(name);
printf("Your text is: ");
// Displays string
puts(name);
return 0;
}
Output: Enter your text: the puts() function
Your text is: the puts() function 27
Example:

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Command Line Arguments
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• Command-line arguments are the values given
after the name of the program in the command-
line shell of Operating Systems.
• Command-line arguments are handled by the
main() function of a C program.
• To pass command-line arguments, we typically
define main() with two arguments: the first
argument is the number of command-line
arguments and the second is a list of
command-line arguments.

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#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
printf("Program name is: %s", argv[0]);
if (argc == 1)
printf("nNo Extra Command Line Argument Passed Other Than
Program Name");
if (argc >= 2) {
printf("nNumber OfArguments Passed: %d", argc);
printf("n----Following Are The Command Line Arguments Passed----
");
for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
printf("nargv[%d]: %s", i, argv[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output:- Program Name Is: ./a.out
Number OfArguments Passed: 4
----Following Are The Command Line Arguments Passed----
argv[0]: ./a.out
argv[1]: First
argv[2]: Second
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Example:

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Thank You

Input Output function in c programing language.pptx

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