Introduction To Cloud Computing

Introduction to Cloud ComputingOverview

ObjectivesIn this overview we will:Discuss Cloud Computing Benefits and AdoptionDefine Cloud ComputingIntroduce the Architecture of the CloudDemonstrate a common Cloud usage scenario

Introduction to Cloud ComputingBusiness Computer SystemsDefining Cloud ComputingDelivering Cloud ServicesCloud Deployment ModelsDemo

Business Computer SystemsData centerTraining roomInternetSales officeSoftware development

Business Computer Systems(continued)Typical organisation computing infrastructure built fromApplication serversHost variety of business applicationsDatabase serversPersist organisational dataNetworksInterconnect systemsInternet accessFor email, Internet etcDesktopClient to server hosted applicationsHost productivity tools e.g. WordMobileRemote access to company infrastructure

Maintaining a Business Computer InfrastructureEvery business depends on computingRaises a number of questions: technical, business and administrativeHow are new applications purchased ?How are new applications installed for users ?How are existing applications updated ?How are new server machines procured and installed ?How is server and network capacity planned ?What utilization does the training room facility get ?Who is responsible for system and application security ?

Cloud Computing:An Alternative to Traditional Datacenters“Let me be very clear here:I really don’t want to operate data centers anymore...We’d rather spend our time giving our customers great service andwriting great software rather than managing physical hardware”Don MacAskill, CEO, SmugMug (http://www.smugmug.com)

Cloud Computing BenefitsEconomicsPay-as-you-go ModelOperational Expense instead of Capital Expense (OpEx vs. CapEx)Virtualization of HardwareDevelopment EfficienciesSelf-service provisioning modelAPI drivenRapid deploymentFlexibilityHigh demand “Elasticity”Rapidly Scalable

Cloud Computing AdoptionSource: Sun Microsystems, Inc.

What is Cloud Computing ?There are many definitions of cloud computingThe one we will use is:Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.** Source: The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing Version 15, 10-07-2009http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

Essential CharacteristicsOn-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service’s provider. Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).Resource pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.

Essential Characteristics(Continued)Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.Measured Service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.

Introduction to Cloud ComputingBusiness Computer SystemsDefining Cloud ComputingDelivering Cloud ServicesDeployment ModelsDemo

Cloud Services Delivery ModelFramework for describing cloud computing services known as SPIAcronym for the three major services provided by the cloudSoftware as a Service (SaaS)Platform as a Service (PaaS)Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Software as a ServicePlatform as a ServiceInfrastructure as a Service

Software as a Service (SaaS)Business applications hosted by the provider and delivered as a serviceDelivery model provides a number of advantages:Pay per-use, no up front purchase costsReceive latest updates transparentlyNo in-house administration/installation costsMany SaaS vendors have provided productsMost famous SaaS example is Salesforce.comCustomer relationship management softwareGoogle applicationsGmailGoogle docsGoogle calendaretc

Platform as a Service (PaaS)Computing platform that includes a software forDevelopmentMiddleware DeploymentEnables organisations to concentrate on application developmentNo need to worry about setting up physical testing or production machinesSimple productive, cost effective solution Major benefits include:Easy to useAutomatic scalabilityReliability, performance and security of major providers e.g. Google,MicrosoftCost efficientFree trial periods

PaaS ExamplesGoogle Application EngineProvides tools and development stack for Python and JavaDevelopment tool support– plugin for Eclipse (OpenSource IDE)Data storage services availableApplication automatically scaledFree for 500MB storage and 5 million page views per monthMicrosoft AzureProvides Windows Azure operating systemDevelopment tool support for Visual StudioData storage services plus much moreRuns on a virtual machineForce.comProvides development platform for custom applicationsApplications rapidly built using Force.com tools

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Resources are delivered as a serviceIncluding servers, networks, memory, CPU etcBased on virtualization of machinesMany vendor offeringsAmazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)Eucalyptus – open source cloud platform Used for private cloudsKey feature of IaaS is instant provisioningNew machine instances created on demand within minutesMade available on virtual networks

IaaS ExamplesAmazon EC2Amazon provides a set of machine imagesSupports various operating systemsWindows, Unix, LinuxAllows provisioning of high memory or high CPU image instancesMultiple application stacks available on pre-packaged machine imagesVarious application servers: JBoss, Weblogic, WebsphereVarious databases: MySql, SQL server, DB2Developers plugin for EclipseVarious other services availableStorage serviceMessage serviceMapReduceetcWe will examine Amazon EC2in the demo

Two Additional ConceptsVirtual Machine ImagesComplete, pre-configured, image of application and OSPre-packaged or built by userCloud APIsProgrammatic way to provision and manage compute, storage, and network resourcesAccess to scalable services (S3, SimpleDB)Work underway to standardize for interoperability

Cloud Deployment ModelsOrganizations have a choice of deployment models:Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.Community cloud.A variant of the Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).

Private CloudsEmulate public cloud on private networksDeliver benefits of cloud computingMinimise pitfallsData securityCorporate governanceReliabilityNetwork, computing and storage is dedicated to single organisationNot shared with other organisations like a public cloudEasier to comply with corporate security standards, policies and regulatory compliance

Private Clouds(continued)Variety of private cloud patternsDedicatedHosted within customer owned data centerOperated by internal IT departmentCommunityLocated, owned managed by third party according to SLAManagedOwned by customer, managed by vendor

Public CloudsOwned by third party vendorHost, operate and manage servicesSecurity management providedService offered to multiple customersResources dynamically provisioned on a self-service, pay as you use basisPublic cloudAmazonGoogleIBMForce.comMicrosoft

Hybrid CloudsMixture of public and private cloudsCore applications and sensitive data in-houseNon-core applications in a public cloudHybrid cloudPrivate cloudPublic cloud

SummaryIn this overview we have:Discussed Cloud Computing Benefits and AdoptionDefined Cloud ComputingIntroduced the Architecture of the CloudDemonstrated a common Cloud usage scenario

Introduction To Cloud Computing

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