Introduction to Object Oriented Programming.pptx

Structured Vs Object Oriented
Programming
LECTURE # 01
FC-III (ADP-II-CS)
Prepare By: Umber Ismail

Structured Programming
“Emphasizes breaking down programs into smaller, manageable parts
(functions or procedures). “
Key Features:
1.Modularity: Programs are divided into functions, enhancing clarity and ease of maintenance.
2.Control Structures: Uses sequences, loops, and conditionals for flow control.
3.Procedural Abstraction: Focuses on procedures/functions to achieve tasks.
Example:
 Real-World Analogy: Building a house using modular components (walls, doors, windows).
 Programming Example: Calculating payroll using separate functions for input, computation, and

Concept Of Object Oriented Programming
OOP is an approach or a Programming pattern where the programs are structured around objects
rather than functions and logic. It makes the data partitioned into two memory areas, i.e., data and
functions, and helps make the code flexible and modular.
Object-oriented programming mainly focuses on objects that are required to be manipulated. In
OOPs, it can represent data as objects that have attributes and functions.

Why use OOP?
 Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is one of the most widely
used programming paradigm
 Why is it extensively used?
 Well suited for building trivial and complex applications
 Allows re-use of code thereby increasing productivity
 New features can be easily built into the existing code
 Reduced production cost and maintenance cost
 Common programming languages used for OOP include C++,
Java, and C#

Basic Object-Oriented
Programming
 Object-An O Object can be defined as an entity that has a state and behavior, or in
other words, anything that exists physically in the world is called an object. It can
represent a dog, a person, a table, etc. An object means the combination of data
and programs, which further represent an entity.
 Classes-Class can be defined as a blueprint of the object. It is basically a collection
of objects which act as building blocks.

Abstraction- Abstraction helps in the data hiding process. It helps in displaying the
essential features without showing the details or the functionality to the user. It
avoids unnecessary information or irrelevant details and shows only that specific
part which the user wants to see.
 Q wza

Basic Object-Oriented Programming
 Encapsulation- The wrapping up of data and functions together in a single unit is
known as encapsulation. It can be achieved by making the data members' scope
private and the member function’s scope public to access these data members.
Encapsulation makes the data non-accessible to the outside world.
 Inheritance- Inheritance is the process in which two classes have an is-a
relationship among each other and objects of one class acquire properties and
features of the other class. The class which inherits the features is known as the
child class, and the class whose features it inherited is called the parent class. For
example, Class Vehicle is the parent class, and Class Bus, Car, and Bike are child
classes.
 Polymorphism- It means many forms. It is the ability to take more than one form.
It is a feature that provides a function or an operator with more than one
definition. It can be implemented using function overloading, operator overload,
function overriding, virtual function.

Advantages of OOPs
There are various advantages of object-oriented programming.
 OOPs provide reusability to the code and extend the use of existing classes.
 In OOPs, it is easy to maintain code as there are classes and objects, which helps in
making it easy to maintain rather than restructuring.
 It also helps in data hiding, keeping the data and information safe from leaking or getting
exposed.
 Object-oriented programming is easy to implement.

• Project Size and Complexity: Structured Programming for smaller, linear
tasks; OOP for larger, more complex applications.
• Team Expertise: Consider the skills and familiarity of the development
team.
Choosing Between Them:

Both paradigms have their strengths and applications.
• The choice depends on project requirements, complexity, and
team expertise.
• Understanding these paradigms helps in designing efficient and
maintainable software solutions.
Conclusion

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming.pptx

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