Download to read offline
Introduction to python programming language
- 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Programming CHAPTER 1 Chapter1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completingthis chapter, the reader will be familiar with the following concepts. • Become familiar with the terminologies used in programming languages and coding. • Acquire a fundamental understanding of programming and software. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 3. • Know howinterpreters and compilers facilitate collaboration between a computer’s hardware and software in the system’s architecture. • Overview of the Python Integrated and Learning Environment. • Ability to use Python as a scripting language. • Provide awareness about Python programming resources. • Overview of Python documentation and Support. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- 4. 1.1 Basics ofProgramming Language • Problem-solving skill involves identifying issues, formulating problems, devising solutions, and communicating them • Computer program is a comprehensive, step-by-step set of instructions that tells a computer exactly what it should be doing. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 5.
- 6. • Coding Mechanism-Codingguarantees that a computer’s software and hardware can connect by compiling the code into assembly language. • High-level and assembly-level languages are then converted into binary coded signals (1’s and 0’s) to allow computational hardware and software to communicate. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 7. • Learning tocode is crucial because it enhances problem-solving and logic abilities, leverages technology to power business operations, and facilitates fine-tuning. • Learning to code leads to better job prospects. • Programmers make apps, websites, and other digital products that change how people live worldwide. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 8. 1.2 Programming VersusSoftware • “Programming” involves giving the computer the instructions and data it needs on time. • Programming Mechanism-The process of programming is intricate. Programming is done in phases, such as composing problem statements, drawing flowcharts, designing coding algorithms, writing a computer program, analyzing and evaluating software, technical writing, keeping software up to date, and so on. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 9. • Computer softwareis a set of program instructions. • An algorithm is a set of instructions explaining how a particular computation should be performed in detail. • A programming language is a language for writing down the instructions that a computer will follow. It has a structure of syntax (precise form) and semantics (actual meaning). Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 10. • There aretwo types of languages, namely low-level languages and high- level languages. • Computer hardware's can only run programs written in low-level languages/machine languages/ assembly languages. • A computer program is a series of instructions written in a high-level language to solve a problem. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 11. 1.3 Python ProgrammingLanguage Characteristics of Python Programming Language • an open-source, high-level, interpreted, general-purpose, dynamic programming language • relatively easy to pick up and use. • Extensive libraries are available Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 12. • flexibility asa programming language means it can also be used as an add-on to make highly customizable programs. • Cross-platform language • Software quality. • Python data types are strongly and dynamically typed. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 13. • embedded easilyinto any application to provide a programmable interface. • Developer productivity. • Python’s rapid edit-test-debug cycle and lack of a compilation step make development and debugging much more efficient. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 14. Table 1.1: ObjectOriented Programming Vs. Procedural Programming Vs. Functional Programming
- 16. Limitations of Python •Speed is an issue. As Python is an interpreted language, it is slower than compiled languages. • Design restrictions. The dynamically typed language comes with errors only at runtime; Python’s global interpreter lock and whitespace are a few design issues. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 17. 1.3.2 Implementations UsingPython • utilized for database access, Internet scripting, distributed programming, and extension-language works. • used as Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), shell tools -system admin tools, and command line programs. • language-based modules -instead of special-purpose parsers. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 18. 1.3.2 Implementations UsingPython • helpful for rapid prototyping and development. • used in Web Application development, • building desktop GUIs, • Email Parsing, • Network programs, • Desktop applications, • Internet Protocol, • System administration, and • Video Games Development. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 19. 1.4 Compiler VersusInterpreter Fig. 1.2: The Process of Creating a Computer Program
- 20. • Compiler (Fig1.3) meticulously scans and converts the source code before launching the program. In this perspective, the high-level program is called the source code, and the translated program is called the object code or the executable. Compiling a program allows users to run it repeatedly without retranslating it each time. A hardware executor can then run the compiled object code. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 21. Fig. 1.3: Structureof a Compiler
- 22. Fig. 1.4: High-LevelBlock diagram of an Interpreter
- 23. Fig. 1.5: PythonInterpreter
- 24. • Table 1.2:Comparison of Compiler and Interpreter Table 1.2: Comparison of Compiler and Interpreter
- 26. 1.5 Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment (IDE) • IDLE stands for Interactive DeveLopment Environment.IDLE, as an interpreter, translates the code into a language the computer can understand. • Python’s default implementation, IDLE (“Integrated Development and Learning Environment”), includes the complete set of IDE packages and fundamentals. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 27. 1.5.1 Python ininteractive mode (windows OS) • Shell or Interactive shell or Interactive Interpreter- The Python IDLE instantly launches a Python shell, saving time. • It is a Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL). It reads every statement, evaluates, and displays a Python statement. • Code snippets can be run in Python’s Interpreter shell Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 28. 1.5.2 Python inscript mode • A Python script or program is read line by line and executed when run in script mode. • In script mode, code can be written in a standalone file (ending in.py) and run independently. • These lines of code are easily modifiable and reusable. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 29. Fig. 1.11: Pythonshell -File Drop Down Menu
- 30. Fig. 1.12: Screenshotof the Python editor
- 31. Fig. 1.13: Screenshotof saving the file sample.py
- 32. Fig. 1.14: Screenshotshowing the run module or F5 button
- 33. Fig. 1.15: Screenshotshowing the output display of the program(sample.py)
- 34. Fig.1.16: Screenshot showingthe output of the program in the Windows PowerShell
- 35. • Common Pythonsyntax colours: Colour coding in IDLE aids in understanding the meaning so that one can easily visualize the mistakes made. • Keywords in orange colour • Strings in green colour • Comments in red colour • Definitions in blue colour • Misc. Words in black colour Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 36. 1.5.3 Command LineInterpreter • Command Line Interpreter (CLI), Console User Interface (CUI), command processor, shell, command line shell, and command interpreter. • A command line interpreter, also known as a console or shell, takes user input (typically in the form of a single command) and applies it to the system. Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 37. • In theabsence of errors, it executes the command and returns the expected data; otherwise, an error message is displayed. Fig. 1.17: Python command prompt
- 38. 1.6 Various Resourcesfor Python Programming • Sublime Text 3 • Notepad++ • Atom • Visual Studio Code • Vim Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 39. Python IDLE Editor •Spyder • Thonny • PyCharm Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
- 40. Getting Help inPython • Python Official Website: https://www.Python.org/ • Python Documentation Website: https://www.Python.org/doc/ Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION