Introduction to Robotics.pptx

Introduction to Robotics.pptx

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  Introduction to Robotics By. MohamedEssam
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  Robotics History 1922 Czechauthor Karel Capek wrote a story called Rossum’s Universal Robots and introduced the word “Rabota”(meaning worker)
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  Robotics History 1954 GeorgeDevol developed the first programmable Robot.
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  Robotics History  ThreeLaws of Robotics (Isaac Asimov in I,Robot 1950) Asimov proposed three “Laws of Robotics” and later added the “zeroth law” Law 0: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law
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  Robotics History  ThreeLaws of Robotics (Isaac Asimov in I,Robot 1950) Asimov proposed three “Laws of Robotics” and later added the “zeroth law” Law 0: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law
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  Definition of theRobot Defined by Robotics Industry Association (RIA) as A Re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motion for a variety of tasks
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  Robotics and Society Provide assistance / service for people  disabled, aged, patients and children  Free everyone from tedious housework
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  What is aRobot?  A machine that senses, thinks, and acts  Must have sensors, processing ability that emulates some aspects of cognition, and actuators  In artificial intelligence, such systems are known as “agents.”
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  Robotics Robotics is theart, knowledge base, and the know-how of designing, applying, and using robots in human endeavors.
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  Robot Classification Types ofRobots by Function  Manipulators: robotic arms and hands; Motion generators: flight simulators; SCARA (Selective-Compliance Assembly Robot Arm); and moving platforms Locomotors, mobile robots: legged and wheeled robots; Swimming robots; and Flying robots.
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  Robot Classification Types ofRobots by Function  Manipulators: robotic arms and hands;
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  Robot Classification Types ofRobots by Function  Motion generators: flight simulators; SCARA (Selective-Compliance Assembly Robot Arm); and moving platforms
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  Robot Classification Types ofRobots by Function  Locomotors, mobile robots: legged and wheeled robots;
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  Robot Classification Types ofRobots by Function  Swimming robots; and  Flying robots.
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  Robot Components  Manipulator/ Arm  End Effector: is connected to the last joint (ex: Hand / Gripper)  Actuators : Actuators are the muscles of the manipulators. As servomotors, Stepper motors, pneumatic and hydraulic .  Sensors: are used to collect information to communicate with the environment.  Controller: receive its data from the computer and controls the motion of the actuators.  Processor: calculate the motion of the joints.  Software : there are groups of software programs used in robot
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  Actuators and DriveSystems Actuators are one of the key components contained in a robotic system. A robot has many degrees of freedom (DOF), each of which is a servoed joint generating desired motion. Most of today’s robotic systems are powered by electric servomotors. Therefore, we focus on electromechanical actuators.
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  Actuators and DriveSystems Motors are the most common way to control the movements of robots and are known as actuators. They can be connected to gears and wheels and are a perfect way of adding mobility. There are a number of different types of motors that can be used, DC, stepper and servo motors.
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  Actuators  Pneumatic :airpressure  Hydraulics :fluid pressure  Electrical (Motors) :current
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  Sensors for RoboticSystems The term sensor is used for an input device that provides a usable output in response to a specified physical input.
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  Sensors for RoboticSystems  Types of Sensors  Contact: switch  „Distance: Ultrasound, radar, infra red  „Light level: photo cells, cameras  „Sound level: microphone  Strain: strain gauge  „Rotation: encoder  „Smell: chemical  Temperature: thermal, infra red  „Inclination: inclinometers, gyroscopes  Pressure: pressure gauges  „Altitude: altimeters „...
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  Any Questions? Mohamed Essam !
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  CREDITS: This presentationtemplate was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik THANKS! Contacts Mhmd96.essam@gmail.com Please keep this slide for attribution