Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to IOT Introduction.pptx
![IoT [Internet of Things]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/unit-1stiot-200703030527-thumbnail.jpg?width=600ounds&width=560&fit=bounds)
IOT Introduction.pptx
- 1.
- 3. What is IoT? •The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
- 25. TOP IoT APPLICATIONAREAS (Brainstorming Topics) • Smart cities - (1-5) • Smart Environment - (6-10) • Smart Water - (11-15) • Smart Metering -(16-20) • Security & Emergencies -(21-25) • Smart Retail -( 26-30) • Logistics -(31-35) • Industrial Control -(36-40) • Smart Agriculture -(41-45) • Smart Animal Farming - (46-50) • Domestic & Home Automation (50-55)
- 26. The Evolution ofInternet of Things
- 28. The world isthe index • The world is the index that we will use to classify and identify the things that surround us. • For example, the photos that we take have ever more frequently the location of the photographer and the photos can be organised according to location using Google Earth14.
- 29. Take the worldon line • The things that are surrounding us can have an information shadow on the Internet. • The RFID tags, devices that contain chips that can be read by nearby sensors, • for example the Championchip • Domestic animals can wear RFID collars that are recognized by doors that can open to let them enter.
- 30. Take control ofthe world • The world around us can talk to us and tell us its needs. • To monitor any object connected to the Internet there’s a platform called Pachube that makes it possible for sensors connected to the Internet to send data about themselves and make them viewable in different ways that can be over time and according to place, but above all to trigger actions when certain values are reached (for example, to open a window when a certain temperature is reached).
- 31. Let the thingstalk to each other • Objects can interact with each other to exchange and integrate data, to trigger actions and to integrate how they work together. • Even plants can signal their needs. In fact,with Botanicalls, plants can communicate on Twitter when they need watering and the communication can go to a sprinkler system connected to the Internet.
- 32. • Nike hascreated “Nike Human Race u” a worldwide race that everyone can take part in by making use of a Nike+ sensor in your shoes no matter where in the world you are. The only constant for all participants is the distance.
- 33. Let things becomeintelligent • Object Generated Content (OGC), that is the creation of knowledge and aggregated value by individual objects, will be of certain orders of magnitude greater than any value that can be created directly by people.
- 34. • GlowCap44 providesintelligence to medicine bottles. They use light or sound signals or a telephone call to remind you when they have to be taken and they send your doctor or your family a monthly report on what medicine has been taken
- 35. Pling Plong - isa cushion that reads books that are brought close to it. (Bed time stories)
- 36. • Nabaztag, isa 'rabbit’ connected to the Internet and it reads newspapers, emails, weather forecasts, messages and even audio books downloaded from the Internet.
- 42.
- 47. The oneM2M IoTStandardized Architecture • To standardize the rapidly growing field of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications • Common architecture that would help accelerate the adoption of M2M applications and devices. • OneM2M’s framework focuses on IoT services, applications, and platforms. These include smart metering applications, smart grid, smart city automation, e-health, and connected vehicles
- 48. The Main Elementsof the oneM2M IoT Architecture
- 49. Applications layer • TheoneM2M architecture gives major attention to connectivity between devices and their applications. • This domain includes the application-layer protocols and attempts to standardize northbound API definitions for interaction with business intelligence (BI) systems. • Applications tend to be industry-specific and have their own sets of data models, and thus they are shown as vertical entities.
- 50. Services layer • Includethe physical network that the IoT applications run on, the underlying management protocols, and the hardware • Adds APIs and middleware supporting third- party services and applications
- 51. Network layer • Thisis the communication domain for the IoT devices and endpoints. • It includes the devices themselves and the communications network that links them. • Embodiments of this communications infrastructure include wireless mesh technologies, such as IEEE 802.15.4, and wireless point-to-multipoint systems, such as IEEE 801.11ah. • Also included are wired device connections, such as IEEE 1901 power line communications.
- 52. The IoT WorldForum (IoTWF) Standardized Architecture • In 2014 the IoTWF architectural committee (led by Cisco, IBM, Rockwell Automation, and others) published a seven-layer IoT architectural reference model. • Clean, simplified perspective on IoT and includes edge computing, data storage, and access
- 53. The IoT WorldForum (IoTWF) Standardized Architecture
- 54. • Defines aset of levels with control flowing from the center (this could be either a cloud service or a dedicated data center), to the edge, which includes sensors, devices, machines, and other types of intelligent end nodes. • In general, data travels up the stack, originating from the edge, and goes northbound to the center.
- 55. • Decompose theIoT problem into smaller parts • Identify different technologies at each layer and how they relate to one another • Define a system in which different parts can be provided by different vendors • Have a process of defining interfaces that leads to interoperability • Define a tiered security model that is enforced at the transition points between levels
- 56. Layer 1: PhysicalDevices and Controllers Layer • This layer is home to the “things” in the Internet of Things, including the various endpoint devices and sensors that send and receive information. • The size of these “things” can range from almost microscopic sensors to giant machines in a factory. • Their primary function is generating data and being capable of being queried and/or controlled over a network.
- 57. Layer 2: ConnectivityLayer • Reliable and timely transmission of data. • This includes transmissions between Layer 1 devices and the network and between the network and information processing that occurs at Layer 3 (the edge computing layer).
- 58. Layer 3: EdgeComputing Layer • The emphasis is on data reduction and converting network data flows into information that is ready for storage and processing by higher layers. • Information processing is initiated as early and as close to the edge of the network as possible
- 60. Upper Layers: Layers4–7 • The upper layers deal with handling and processing the IoT data generated by the bottom layer.
- 61.
- 62. A Simplified IoTArchitecture • An IoT framework that highlights the fundamental building blocks that are common to most IoT systems and which is intended to help you in designing an IoT network. • Presented as two parallel stacks.
- 63. Fog Computing • Todistribute data management throughout the IoT system, as close to the edge of the IP network as possible. • The best-known. embodiment of edge services in IoT is fog computing. Any device with computing, storage, and network connectivity can be a fog node. Examples include industrial controllers, switches, routers, embedded servers, and IoT gateways. • Analyzing IoT data close to where it is collected minimizes latency, offloads gigabytes of network traffic from the core network, and keeps sensitive data inside the local network.
- 64. • An advantageof this structure is that the fog node allows intelligence gathering (such as analytics) and control from the closest possible point, and in doing so, it allows better performance over constrained networks.
- 66. Edge Computing • Thenatural place for a fog node is in the network device that sits closest to the IoT endpoints, and these nodes are typically spread throughout an IoT network. • However, in recent years, the concept of IoT computing has been pushed even further to the edge, and in some cases it now resides directly in the sensors and IoT devices.
- 67. Edge computing isalso sometimes called “mist” computing. If clouds exist in the sky, and fog sits near the ground, then mist is what actually sits on the ground. Thus, the concept of mist is to extend fog to the furthest point possible, right into the IoT endpoint device itself.
- 68. • IoT devicesand sensors often have constrained resources, however, as compute capabilities increase. • Some new classes of IoT endpoints have enough compute capabilities to perform at least low-level analytics and filtering to make basic decisions.
- 70. Sensors, Actuators, andSmart Objects Sensors: • A sensor does exactly as its name indicates: It senses. • More specifically, a sensor measures some physical quantity and converts that measurement reading into a digital representation. • That digital representation is typically passed to another device for transformation into useful data that can be consumed by intelligent devices or humans.
- 71. Types • Active orpassive: Sensors can be categorized based on whether they produce an energy output and typically require an external power supply (active) or whether they simply receive energy and typically require no external power supply (passive). • Invasive or non-invasive: Sensors can be categorized based on whether a sensor is part of the environment it is measuring (invasive) or external to it (non-invasive). • Contact or no-contact: Sensors can be categorized based on whether they require physical contact with what they are measuring (contact) or not (no-contact). • Absolute or relative: Sensors can be categorized based on whether they measure on an absolute scale (absolute) or based on a difference with a fixed or variable reference value (relative). • Area of application: Sensors can be categorized based on the specific industry or vertical where they are being used. • How sensors measure: Sensors can be categorized based on the physical mechanism used to measure sensory input (for example, thermoelectric, electrochemical, piezoresistive, optic, electric, fluid mechanic, photoelastic). • What sensors measure: Sensors can be categorized based on their applications or what physical variables they measure.