lesson1-introductiontoprogramming-23102212e90.pptx

Programming Power: An
Introduction to Coding

WHAT IS A PROGRAM?
A program refers to a set
of commands that provide
instructions to a computer
on how to perform a
specific task.

WHAT IS A PROGRAM?
A program can instruct the
computer to:
 display message on
screen
 get input from users
 perform arithmetic
operations
 compare values
 perform iterations
IMAGE SOURCE: https://beginnersbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Java_program_simple_interest.jpg

WHAT IS A
PROGRAMMIN
G LANGUAGE?

WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
A programming language is an
artificial language developed to
provide a communication link
between humans and computers.
Like a formal language, a
programming language is defined by
its two components: syntax (form)
and semantics (meaning).
IMAGE SOURCE: https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:820/1*v5NRqLcyXIVNaG5KLjKIQA.png

Syntax refers to the principle
that guides how a specific
instruction is written.
It details the rules on how
symbols, punctuations, and
words are used in a
programming language to
write a command.
IMAGE SOURCE: https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/images/ast.png

Semantics refers to an analytical
system that conveys or defines
the meaning of a written
instruction in a program.
It is used to generate and
validate meanings of a
piece of code.
IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.baeldung.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2022/10/Lexic2.png

TYPES OF
PROGRAMMIN
G LANGUAGES

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Programming Language
can be classified into two
generations:
 Low Level Language
 High Level Language
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LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
Low Level Language is a type
of programming language that
is machine dependent and
provides little to no abstraction
in the interface between
programmers and the
machine.
IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.deviantart.com/findingnull/art/Binary-GIF-871009093

HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
A High-Level Language is a user-
friendly programming language that
allows programmers to write their
programs using natural language.
Since High-Level Language is
independent of the computer
hardware architecture, the syntax is
created in a form that can be easily
read and understood by humans.
IMAGE SOURCE: https://beginnersbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Java_program_simple_interest.jpg

MACHINE LANGUAGE
Machine Language is a type of
low-level programming
language where the instructions
are written using binary code.
A binary code refers to a string
of 1s (high voltage) and 0s (low
or no voltage).
IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.dspguide.com/graphics/T_4_3.gif

MACHINE LANGUAGE
To understand binary coding,
consider the use of 7–segment
LED Display.
The zero represents a situation
where there is no voltage that
entered the circuit or an “off”
state while one represents an
“on” state where a high voltage
entered the circuit.
IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.cs.mtsu.edu/~xyang/images/computer-language-types.png

MACHINE LANGUAGE
IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.dspguide.com/graphics/T_4_3.gif

MACHINE LANGUAGE
IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/machlang.htm

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Assembly Language is a type of low-
level programming language that uses
mnemonics to act as an intermediary
interface between human and
computers.
Mnemonics refers to a string of
letters that represents a shortened
version of the instruction.
IMAGE SOURCE:
https://isaaccomputerscience.org/api/v3.5.0/api/images/content/computer_science/computer_systems/progr
amming_languages/figures/isaac_cs_sys_proglang_simulator_display_if.png

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
VIDEO SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gwYkEK0gOk

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
An assembler is needed to make the computer understand the
codes written by the programmer. Assembler is a program that
converts a predefined language to machine language so that the
computer will understand what an abstracted code means.
IMAGE SOURCE: https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZF4p5.jpg

ADVANTAGES OF LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
 The instructions are executed quickly since there
is minimal need for translation between
languages.
 The instructions require very small amount of
space in the memory.
 It offers a high level of security since the
program is written in a language that is
difficult to modify because of its complexity.

DISADVANTAGES OF LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
 It is very difficult to code using binary code.
 It is difficult to debug and maintain.
 Programs written in low-level languages are not portable
since they are written for specific specific computers.

HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
Procedural Language is a high-level programming language
where the program is executed using a sequence or a strict
series of steps.
Object-Oriented Language is a high-level programming
language where the program is executed based on the
interaction of functions between objects.

ADVANTAGES OF HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
 High-Level Languages are easy to understand
because it uses English language.
 Programs written using High-Level Languages
are portable meaning they can be used in other
computers aside from the computer where the
codes are written.
 Programs written in High-Level languages are
easier to debug and maintain.

DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
 Instructions written using High-Level Language
programs takes longer time to process because
of the translation process from human language
to machine language.
 Programs written in high-level language
consumes a larger amount of memory
compared to Lower-Level programs because of
the interpreters, compilers, and other processes
needed for ease of translation.

HISTORY OF
PROGRAMMIN
G LANGUAGES

HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING
VIDEO SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhpslN-OD_o

INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING
MR. ROWELL L. MARQUINA
Professional Lecturer,
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Email Address:
rowell.marquina001@deped.gov.ph
sirrowellmarquina@gmail.com
rmarquina@mitis.edu.ph

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