MODULE 1_PPT in cloud computing in computer.pptx

IoT is shaping the way we live our lives

MODULE 1 : EMERGENCE OF IOT
 Internet technology connecting devices, machines and tools to the
internet by means of wireless technologies.
 Over 25 billion ‘Things’ connected to the Internet, as of now.
 ‘Things’ connected to the Internet are projected to cross 80 billion in
the near future.
 Unification of technologies such as Low-Power Embedded Systems,
Cloud Computing, Big-Data, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning,
and Networking.
INTRODUCTION - IOT

“The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
objects that contain embedded technology to
communicate and sense or interact with their internal
states or the external environment.”
IoT - Definition

 The 3 Characteristic Features: Anytime, Anywhere and Anything highlight the
robustness and dynamic nature of IOT.
 Abundance of sleeping nodes, mobile and non-IP devices.
 Efficient, scalable and associated architecture.
 Unambiguous naming and addressing.
 Intermittent connectivity.
Characteristics

IoT Market Share
The global IOT spending across various organizations and industries and its
subsequent projection until the year 2023

IoT Market Share
Business/Manufacturing : Real-time analytics of supply
chains and equipment, robotic machinery.
Healthcare : Portable health monitoring, electronic
recordkeeping, pharmaceutical safeguards.
Retail : Inventory tracking, smartphone purchasing,
anonymous analytics of consumer choices.
Security : Biometric and facial recognition locks, remote
sensors.

Evolution of Connected Devices

ATM : These ubiquitous money dispensers went online for the first time way
back in 1974.
WEB : World Wide Web made its debut in 1991 to revolutionize computing
and communications.
SMART METERS : The first power meters to communicate remotely with the
power grid were installed in the early 2000s.
DIGITAL LOCKS : Smartphones can be used to lock and unlock doors remotely,
and business owners can change key codes rapidly to grant or restrict access
to employees and guests.

SMART HEALTHCARE : Devices connect to hospitals, doctors and relatives to
alert them of medical emergencies and take preventive measures.
SMART VEHICLES : Vehicles self-diagnose themselves and alert owners about
system failures.
SMART CITIES : City-wide infrastructure communicating amongst themselves
for unified and synchronized operations and information dissemination.
SMART DUST : Computers smaller than a grain of sand can be sprayed or
injected almost anywhere to measure chemicals in the soil or to diagnose
problems in the human body.

Modern Day IoT Applications
 Smart Parking
 Structural health
 Noise Urban Maps
 Smartphone
Detection
 Traffic Congestion
 Smart Lighting
 Waste Management
 Smart Roads
 River Floods
 Smart Grid
 Tank level
 Photovoltaic
Installations
 Water Flow
 Silos Stock Calculation
 Perimeter Access
Control
 Liquid Presence

Modern Day IoT Applications
 Forest Fire Detection
 Air Pollution
 Snow Level Monitoring
 Landslide and Avalanche
Prevention
 Earthquake Early Detection
 Water Leakages
 Radiation Levels
 Explosive and Hazardous
Gases
 Supply Chain Control
 NFC Payment
 Intelligent Shopping
Applications
 Smart Product Management

IoT Enablers
IO
IMPLEMENTATION
CONNECTIVITY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

Connectivity Layers
IO
SERVICES

The interdependence and reach of IOT over various application domains and
networking paradigms

1. Machine to Machine (M2M) : This is commonly known as Machine to machine
communication. It is a concept where two or more than two machines communicate with
each other without human interaction using a wired or wireless mechanism. M2M is an
technology that helps the devices to connect between devices without using internet. M2M
communications offer several applications such as security, tracking and tracing,
manufacturing and facility management.
2. Cyber-Physical System (CPS) : CPS is a type of system that integrates physical and computational
components to monitor and control the physical processes seamlessly. These systems combine
the sensing, actuation, computation, and communication capabilities, and leverage these to
improve the overall performance, safety, and reliability of the physical systems.
The various technological interdependencies of IOT with other domains and networking paradigms such
as M2M, CPS, IoE, IoP and Industry 4.0 are as follows:

3. Internet of People (IoP) : The Internet has a variety of profiles that represent people, as well as
interwoven ties that serve as relationships between them. These peer-to-peer networks are
connected through the Internet of Things (IoT). IoP also provides a platform for making safe and
transparent payments.
4. Internet of Environment (IoE) : IoE is the intelligent connection between 4 key elements i.e people,
process, data, and things. It is considered as superset of Internet of Things (IOT). IoE covers the wider
concept of connectivity where network intelligence works as the foundation of Internet of Things. Internet of
Everything acts as an extension of Internet of Things.
5. Industry 4.0 : Industry 4.0 on the other hand, is a term used to describe the fourth industrial
revolution, which focuses on integrating digital technologies into industrial processes. This paradigm
strongly puts forward the concept of Smart Factories where machines talk to one another without
much involvement of human intervention based on a framework of CPS and IOT.

Baseline Technologies
A number of technologies that are very closely related to IoT include :
 Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications
 Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS)
 Web-of-Things (WoT).

IoT vs. M2M
 M2M refers to communications and interactions between machines and
devices.
 Such interactions can occur via a cloud computing infrastructure (e.g., devices
exchanging information through a cloud infrastructure).
 M2M offers the means for managing devices and devices interaction, while also
collecting machine and/or sensor data.
 M2M is a term introduced by telecommunication services providers and, pays
emphasis on machines interactions via one or more telcom/communication
networks (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, satellite, public networks).

IoT vs. M2M
 M2M is part of the IoT, while M2M standards have a prominent place in the
IoT standards landscape.
 However, IoT has a broader scope than M2M, since it comprises a broader
range of interactions, including interactions between devices/things, things and
people, things with applications and people with applications.
 It also enables the composition of workflows comprising all of the above
interactions.
 IoT includes the notion of internet connectivity (which is provided in most of
the networks outlined above), but is not necessarily focused on the use of
telcom networks.

IoT vs. CPS
A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a type of system that integrates physical
and computational components to monitor and control the physical
processes seamlessly.
In other words, A cyber-physical system consists of a collection of
computing devices communicating with one another and interacting with
the physical world via sensors and actuators in a feedback loop.
These systems combine the sensing, actuation, computation, and
communication capabilities, and leverage these to improve the overall
performance, safety, and reliability of the physical systems.
Examples: CPS includes self-driving cars.

IoT vs. WoT
 From a developer's perspective, the WoT enables access and control over IoT
resources and applications using mainstream web technologies (such as HTML 5.0,
JavaScript, Ajax, PHP, Ruby n' Rails etc.).
 The approach to building WoT is therefore based on RESTful principles and REST
APIs, which enable both developers and deployers to benefit from the popularity and
maturity of web technologies.
 Still, building the WoT has various scalability, security etc. challenges, especially as
part of a roadmap towards a global WoT.

IoT vs. WoT
 While IoT is about creating a network of objects, things, people,
systems and applications, WoT tries to integrate them to the Web.
 Technically speaking, WoT can be thought as a flavour/option of an
application layer added over the IoT's network layer. However, the
scope of IoT applications is broader and includes systems that are
not accessible through the web (e.g., conventional WSN and RFID
systems).

Enabling IOT And The Complex Interdependence of Technologies

IoT Networking Components
IOT network components can be categorize into 6 broad components as shown below:
1. IOT Node
2. IOT Router
3. IOT LAN
4. IOT WAN
5. IOT Gateway
6. IOT Proxy

MODULE 1_PPT in cloud computing in computer.pptx

MODULE 1_PPT in cloud computing in computer.pptx

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MODULE 1_PPT in cloud computing in computer.pptx