OpenAIRE Open access policies: an overview

Open access policies: an overview
Iryna Kuchma
EIFL Open Access programme manager
Presented at the “OPEN ACCESS TO THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF SLOVENIAN
SCIENTISTS” - 4th joint conference of the Special Libraries Section and the
Academic Libraries Section of the Slovenian Library Association, Ljubljana, Grand
Hotel Union, October 27-28, 2010
Attribution 3.0 Unported

Drivers
Knowledge economy
E-science, E-research,
Virtual Learning Environment
Accountability and Assessment
Freedom of information
(based on Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director:
http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

The Lisbon Treaty
Article 179: The Union shall have the objective of
strengthening its scientific and technological bases
by achieving a European research area in which
researchers, scientific knowledge and technology
circulate freely, and encouraging it to become more
competitive, including in its industry...
Article 180: In pursuing these objectives, the Union
shall carry out the following activities,
complementing the activities carried out in the
Member States: (c) dissemination and optimisation
of the results of activities in Union research,
technological development and demonstration

Fifth freedom
Free movement of knowledge

A Digital Agenda for Europe
2.5.2. Driving ICT innovation by exploiting the
single market
Knowledge transfer activities should be
managed effectively... and publicly funded
research should be widely disseminated
through Open Access publication of scientific
data and papers
To this end the Commission will appropriately extend current Open Access
publication requirements as stipulated in Commission Decision C(2008)
4408 (more information on this pilot is available at
http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/index.cfm?
fuseaction=public.topic&id=1680).

Europe 2020
Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative
Innovation Union
The Commission will promote open access to
the results of publicly funded research. It will
aim to make open access to publications the
general principle for projects funded by the EU
research Framework Programmes.

EC Open access pilot
The European Commission wants to ensure that the
results of the research it funds under the EU's 7th
Research Framework Programme (FP7) with more than
€ 50 billion from 2007 – 2013, are disseminated as
widely and effectively as possible to guarantee
maximum exploitation and impact in the world of
researchers and beyond.
Open access to research articles helps to increase the
impact of the EU's investment in research and
development and to avoid wasting time and valuable
resources on duplicative research.

EC Open access pilot (2)
With access to a wider selection of literature,
researchers can build upon this knowledge to
further their own work.
Small and medium sized businesses and
entrepreneurs can also benefit from improved
access to the latest research developments to
speed up commercialisation and innovation.

ERC Scientific Council Guidelines for Open Access
The ERC requires that all peer-reviewed publications
from ERC-funded research projects be deposited on
publication into an appropriate research repository
where available, such as PubMed Central, ArXiv or an
institutional repository, and subsequently made Open
Access within 6 months of publication.
The ERC considers essential that primary data are
deposited to the relevant databases as soon as
possible, preferably immediately after publication and
in any case not later than 6 months after the date of
publication.
(December 2007)

EUROHORCs
All the major public funding agencies in 24 European
countries are members of European Heads of
Research Councils (EUROHORCs)
In May 2008 the General Assembly of EUROHORCs
agreed to recommend a minimal standard regarding
Open Access to its Member Organisations. The
proposed minimal standard is an intermediate step
towards a system in which free access to all scientific
information is guaranteed without jeopardizing the
system of peer review, quality control, and long-term
preservation.

EUROHORCs (2)
It encourages its members to reduce embargo time to
not more than six months and later to zero.
All MOs of EUROHORCs should sign the Berlin
Declaration on Open Access (2003);
all scientists, either funded by or doing research for
MOs, should be informed about the already existing
mechanisms for Open Access and strongly advised to
make use of them.

Berlin Declaration
‘Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only half
complete if the information is not made widely and
readily available to society.’
Signatories should promote open access by
encouraging researchers/grant recipients
to publish in open access.
encouraging the holders of cultural heritage
to support open access by providing their resources
on the Internet
http://oa.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html

Berlin Declaration (2)
developing means to evaluate open access
contributions and online-journals
in order to maintain the standards
of quality assurance and good scientific practice;
advocating that open access publication
be recognized in promotion
and tenure evaluation.
http://oa.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html

Funder mandates
The Wellcome Trust in the UK was the first
funder to mandate Open Access
The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH),
implemented a policy requiring that its grant
recipients make articles resulting from NIH
funding publicly available within twelve
months of publication in a peer-reviewed
journal

University associations
European University Association:
“Universities should develop institutional policies and
strategies that foster the availability of their quality-
controlled research results for the broadest possible
range of users, maximising their visibility, accessibility
and scientific impact.
The basic approach …should be the creation of
an institutional repository or participation in
a shared repository…
http://www.eua.be/fileadmin/user_upload/files/Policy_Positions/Recommendations_Open_Access_adopted_by_the_EUA_Council_on_26th_of_March_2008_final.pdf

OA policy options
Open access policy options
for funding agencies and universities
Request or require?
If you're serious
about achieving open access
for the research you fund,
you must require it.
(Based on The SPARC Open Access Newsletter, issue #130 and The SPARC
Open Access Newsletter, issue #127, by Peter Suber:
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/02-02-09.htm and
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/11-02-08.htm)

Green or Gold?
Recommendation:
If you decide
to request and encourage open access,
rather than a mandate it,
then you can encourage submission
to an open access journal
and encourage deposit in an open access repository as
well,
especially when researchers publish in a toll access
journal.

Green or Gold? (2)
Recommendation:
But if you decide
to mandate open access,
then you should require deposit
in an open access repository,
and not require submission
to an open access journal,
even if you also
encourage submission to an open access journal.

Deposit what?
Recommendation:
Require the deposit of the final version of the author's
peer-reviewed manuscript, not the published
version.
Require the deposit of data generated by the funded
research project.
In medicine and the social sciences, where privacy is an
issue, open access data should be anonymised.
A peer-reviewed manuscript in an open access
repository should include a citation and link to the
published edition.

Deposit what? (2)
Recommendation:
Allow the deposit
of unrefereed preprints, previous journal articles,
conference presentations (slides, text, audio, video),
book manuscripts, book metadata (especially when
the author cannot or will not deposit the full-text),
and the contents of journals edited or published on
campus.
The university itself could consider other categories as
well, such as open courseware, administrative
records, and digitization projects from the library,
theses and dissertations

Scope of policy?
Recommendation:
For simplicity and enforceability,
follow the example of most funding agencies:
apply your open access policy
to research you fund
"in whole or in part"

What embargo?
Recommendation:
No more than six months.
Any embargo is a compromise
with the public interest;
even when they are justified compromises,
the shorter they are, the better.

What exceptions?
Recommendation:
Exempt private notes and records not intended for
publication.
Exempt classified research.
Either exempt patentable discoveries or allow an
embargo long enough for the researcher to apply for
a patent. (This could be a special embargo not
allowed to other research.)
And unless you fund research, which often results in
royalty-producing books, exempt royalty-producing
books.

Thank you!
Questions?
iryna.kuchma[@]eifl.net
http://www.eifl.net
Attribution 3.0 Unported

OpenAIRE Open access policies: an overview

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