Uploaded byKanìka Guleria
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY- Freud' Theory....
The document presents Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, which posits that human behavior is influenced by three components: the id, ego, and superego. Freud emphasizes that personality development primarily occurs by age five through various psychosexual stages, each characterized by specific conflicts and experiences that shape an individual's character. Additionally, understanding these concepts aids in mental health care by helping professionals assess and address developmental behaviors and coping mechanisms.
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Overview of psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud, focusing on the id, ego, and superego.
Freud emphasized the first five years as crucial for personality development, shaping character.
Introduced the three components of personality: Id, Ego, and Superego.
Id is present at birth, demands immediate satisfaction, and is unaffected by reality.
Ego develops from 4-6 months, deals with reality, focuses on satisfying desires pragmatically.
Superego, formed by parental and societal values, works on perfection; includes ego ideal and conscience.
Describes consciousness and subconscious using an iceberg metaphor; conscious is above water.
Conscious includes awareness of thoughts and experiences; easily retrievable information.
Preconscious memories can be recalled easily; partially controlled by the superego.
Unconscious holds repressed memories that affect behavior; largest part of mind.
Freud proposed stages of personality development during childhood, influential up to age five.
Focus on oral activities; weaning conflict; fixation leads to dependency or aggression issues.
Focus on toilet training; negative outcomes lead to anal-retentive or anal-expulsive personalities.
Focus on genitals; Oedipus and Electra complexes; fixation leads to sexual identity issues.
Shift from egocentrism to peer interactions; fixation leads to lack of motivation or conceptualization.
Strong interest in the opposite sex; balanced personality if earlier stages were successful.
Understanding personality structure helps nurses in mental health settings assess developmental behavior.
Final remarks and acknowledgment.
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PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY- Freud' Theory....
- 1. PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Presented By: KanikaGuleria M.Sc(N) 1st Year Presented by: Kanika Guleria THEORY GIVEN BY:
- 2. INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory ofpersonality argued that human behavior was the result of the interaction of three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego.
- 3. DEFINITION Sigmund Freud(6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939)considered the first 5 years of a child’s life to be the most important ,because he believed that an individual’s basic character had been formed by the age of 5. Freud’s personality theory can be conceptualized according to structure of personality, topography of mind & stages of personality development.
- 4. Freudian Components ofPersonality The Id The Ego The Superego
- 5. STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY ID The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. • The id demands immediate satisfaction and when this happens we experience pleasure, when it is denied we experience ‘unpleasure’ or pain. The id is not affected by reality, logic or the everyday world.
- 6. EGO The egois the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality. It develop between the ages of 4-6 months. Initially the ego is 'that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world' (Freud 1923).. The ego has no concept of right or wrong; something is good simply if it achieves its end of satisfying without causing harm to itself or to the id. It engages in secondary process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated towards problem solving.
- 7. SUPER EGO Workson perfection principle. The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one's parents and others. It develops around the age of 3 – 5 during the phallic stage of psychosexual development. The superego provides guidelines for making judgments.
- 8. Two parts ofsuperego The ego ideal: It includes the rules and standards for good behaviors. These behaviors include those which are approved of by parental and other authority figures. Obeying these rules leads to feelings of pride, & enhanced self esteem. The conscience: includes information about things that are viewed as bad by parents and society. These behaviors are often forbidden and lead to bad consequences, punishments & feeling of guilt.
- 11. ICE BERG MODEL Psychoanalytictheory of the conscious and unconscious mind is often explained using an iceberg metaphor. Conscious awareness is the tip of the iceberg, while the unconscious is represented by the ice hidden below the surface of the water.
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- 14. THE CONSCIOUS MIND It includes everything that we are aware of. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally. Events & experiences that are easily remembered or retrieved are considered to be within one’s conscious awareness. Example- Telephone numbers, birthday of self & dates of special holidays.
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- 16. THE PRECONSCIOUS MIND It includes all memories that may have been forgotten or are not in present awareness but with attention can be readily recalled into consciousness. Example- telephone numbers, addresses once known but little used. It is thought to be partially under the control of the super- ego, which helps to suppress unacceptable thoughts and behaviors.
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- 18. THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND It includes all memories that one is unable to bring to conscious awareness. It is the largest of the three topographical levels. It consists of unpleasant & non essential memories that have been repressed & can be retrieved through therapy, hypnosis & with other substances that alter awareness. According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences.
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- 21. FREUD STAGES OF PERSONALITYDEVELOPMENT The theory of psychosexual development was proposed by the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and described how personality developed over the course of childhood. Psychoanalytic theory suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life.
- 23. ORAL STAGE: BIRTHTO 18 MONTHS
- 24. ORAL STAGE: BIRTHTO 18 MONTHS During the oral stage, the infant's primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. The mouth is vital for eating and the infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking. The primary conflict at this age is weaning process. If fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking, or nail biting.
- 25. Cont… Oral stagefixation might have 2 effects: I. Neglected child might become psychologically dependent adult continually seeking the oral stimulation denied in infancy, thereby becoming a manipulative person in fulfilling his/her own needs, rather than maturing to independence.
- 26. Cont…. The over-protectedchild might resist maturation and return to dependence upon others in fulfilling his or her needs. Theoretically, oral- stage fixations are manifested as garrulousness (talkativeness), smoking, continual oral stimulus (eating, chewing objects), and alcoholism
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- 28. ANAL STAGE:18 MONTHSTO 3 YEARS During the anal stage, Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training--the child has to learn to control his or her bodily needs. According to Freud, inappropriate parental responses can result in negative outcomes Not resolved? anal retentive (rigid and obsessive personality) or anal expulsive (messy and disorganized personality)
- 29. PHALLIC STAGE: 3-6YEARS
- 30. PHALLIC STAGE: 3-6YEARS During the phallic stage, the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females & become aware of sexuality. Oedipus Complex (boys) Unconscious sexual desires towards mother, father is competition Simultaneously fears the dad- “castration anxiety” Electra Complex (girls) Unconscious sexual desires towards father and mother is competition Eventually, the child begins to identify with the same-sex parent as a means of vicariously possessing the other parent.
- 31. Cont… If fixationoccurs at this stage, it will lead to sexual identity problems, difficulty in accepting authority.
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- 33. LATENCY STAGE:6-12 YEARS During the elementary school years, the focus changes from egocentrism to more interests in group activities, learning and socialization with peers . The latent period is a time of exploration in which the sexual energy is still present, but it is directed into other areas such as intellectual pursuits and social interactions.
- 34. Cont… If fixationoccurs at this stage, it will lead to inability to conceptualize, lack of motivation in school or job.
- 35. GENITAL STAGE:13 YEARS-ADULTHOOD
- 36. GENITAL STAGE:13-12 YEARS During the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life. If the other stages have been completed successfully, the individual should now be well-balanced, and caring. The goal of this stage is to establish a balance between the various life areas.
- 37. RELEVANCE OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Knowledge of the structure of the personality can assist nurses who work in the mental health settings. The ability to recognize behavior associated with the id, ego and the superego assists in the assessment of developmental level. Understanding the use of ego defense mechanisms is important in making determinations about maladaptive behaviors, is planning care for client’s to assist in creating change or in helping clients accepts themselves as unique individual.
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