PYTHON BASICS CODING LANGUAGE GO TO.pptx

Copyright 2020 @SquadInfotech, All rights reserved.
PYTHON BASICS
• Jyoti Shukla, SME

Topics
• INTRODUCTION OF PYTHON
• OPERATORS
• CONTROL STATEMENTS
• STRING HANDLING
• COLLECTIONS
• FUNCTIONS

Introduction
• What is Python ?
• Features of Python
• Applications of Python
• Who uses Python ?
• Installing Python
• Keywords, Identifiers and Variables
• Data types

What is Python ?
• General purpose high level programming/ scripting
language
• Invented by Guido Van Rossam
• Combination of:
• Functional programming Language from C
• OOPS concept from C++.
• Scripting language from perl and shell script
• Modular programming language from Modula-3.

Why Python ? (Features)
• Open Source
• Platform Independent
• Portable
• Simple and easy to learn
• Dynamically Typed
• Interpreted Language
• Extensible
• Broad Standard Library
• Supports both function oriented concept and object
oriented concept

Where to Use ? (Applications)
• Desktop application
• Web applications
• Database Application
• Networking applications
• Games
• Data analysis
• Machine Language
• Artificial Intelligence

Who Uses Python ?
• Google
• YouTube
• Dropbox
• NASA
• and many more

Downloading Python
Link: https://www.python.org/downloads/

Version Timeline
• Python 3.9.5 introduced in Oct 2020
• ..
• Python 3.8 introduced in 14 Oct 2019
• ....
• Python 3.0 introduced in Dec 2008
• Python 2.0 introduced in October 2000
• Python 1.0 introduced in Jan 1994
Python is not backward compatible.

Variables in Python
⮚ A variable is a Named locations in memory that contain specific
values.
⮚Variables can be almost any name but it makes sense to use
sensible description such as sales_price and not be too long.
⮚A variable is actually a location in memory within the computer.
The program changes the data held in that location by referring to
the variable name.

Reserve Keywords
• There are 33 reserve keywords in python.
'False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'break', 'class',
'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for',
'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal',
'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield'

Identifiers
• Only A-Z, a-z and 0-9 can be used to create an identifier
but shouldn't start with a digit.
• Identifiers are Case Sensitive.
• Reserve Keywords are not allowed as Identifiers.
• No long limit.
• Only underscore ‘_’, a special character is allowed in an
identifier.
• Eg: counter, counter1, arr_count etc

Data types
• Int
• Float
• Complex
• Bool
• Str
• Bytes
• Bytearray
• Range
• List
• Tuple
• Set
• Frozenset
• Dict
• None

Type casting/type
conversion/Type coersion
• Function for type casting
• int()
• float()
• complex()
• bool()
• str()

Operators
• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators

Arithmetic Operators
• + Addition (x + y)
• - Subtraction (x – y)
• * Multiplication (x * y)
• / Division (x / y)
• % Modulus (x % y)
• ** Exponentiation (x ** y)
• // Floor division (x // y)

Assignment Operators
• = x = 5 (x = 5)
• += x+=5 (x = x + 5)
• -= x -= 5 (x = x – 5)
• *= x *= 5 (x = x * 5)
• /= x /= 5 (x = x / 5)
• %= x %= 5 (x = x % 5)
• //= x //= 5 (x = x // 5)
• **= x **= 5 (x = x ** 5)
• &= (x &= 5) (x = x & 5)
• |= x |= 5 (x = x | 5)
^= x ^= 5 (x = x ^ 5)

Comparison operators
• > (Greater than)
• < (Lesser than)
• == (Equal to )
• != (Not equal to)
• >= (Greater than or equal to)
• <= (Less than or equal to)

Logical Operators
and := if both values are true then only result is true
Or:=True if either of the operands is true
Not:= complement

Or operator Evaluates True when Any one
Condition is Evaluated as True.

Bitwise Operators
• & Bitwise AND
• |Bitwise OR
• ~Bitwise NO
• ^Bitwise XOR
• >>Bitwise right shift
• <<Bitwise left shift

Membership Operators
• are used to test whether a value or variable is found in a
sequence (string, list, tuple, set and dictionary).
• In:=True if value/variable is found in the sequence
• Not in:=True if value/variable is not found in the sequence

Identity operators
• They are used to check if two values (or variables) are
located on the same part of the memory. Two variables
that are equal does not imply that they are identical.
• is :=True if the operands are identical (refer to the same
object)
• is not := True if the operands are not identical (do not
refer to the same object)

Control Statements

Flow control

If…Else (Conditional Statments)
Syntax:
if condition:
#code
else:
#code
Example (Odd Even)
num= int(input("Enter the
number to check: "))
if num%2 is 0:
print("even number")
else:
print("odd number")

Divisibility
→ A number is exactly divisible by some other number if it gives 0 as
remainder. To check if a number is exactly divisible by some number we
need to test if it leaves 0 as remainder or not.
→ In Programming, We a modulo operator %, that evaluates remainder
on division of two operands. You can use this to check if a number is
exactly divisible by some number or not.
→ For example - if(8 % 2), if the given expression evaluates 0, then 8 is
exactly divisible by 2.

Step by step descriptive logic to check whether a number is divisible by 5
and 11 or not.
→ Input a number from user. Store it in some variable say num.
→ To check divisibility with 5,
check if(num % 5 == 0) then num is divisible by 5.
→ To check divisibility with 11,
check if(num % 11 == 0) then num is divisible by 11.
→ Now combine the above two conditions using logical AND operator.
→ To check divisibility with 5 and 11 both,
check if((num % 5 == 0) and (num % 11 == 0)),
then number is divisible by both 5 and 11.

Write an algorithm to check weather the number is even or odd
For a number to an even it should be divisible by 2 and if it is
not, it’s odd.
Let n input
←
If ( n % 2 == 0 )
Then print n is even
Else
Print n is odd

Nested If…. else
Syntax
if condition:
#code
if condition:
#code
else:
#code
else:
#code
Example
per=int(input("Enter your
percentage: "))
if per >= 60:
exp= int(input("Enter the number
of experience: "))
if exp >= 2:
print("eligible for job")
else:
print("not eligible for job")
else:
print("not qualified“)

Check weather the year is leap or not
Constraints-:
1. N div by 400 leap year
→
2. N div by 4 , N not div by 100 leap
→
let N ← input
if (n % 4 == 0)
if (n % 100 == 0)
if (n % 400 == 0)
print n
is leap year
else
print n
is not a leap year
else
print n i leap year
else
print n is not leap year

Ladder If…. else
Syntax
• Example
if condition:
#code
elif condition:
#code
elif condition:
#code
else:
#code
per= int(input("Enter your
percentage: “))
if per >= 90:
print("A grade")
elif per >=70 and per<90:
print("B grade")
elif per >=50 and per<70:
print(“C grade")
else:
print(“Be positive, Work hard")

Flowchart to given a marks print grade
Constraints -:
75 & above -: A grade
60-74 -: B grade
35-59 -: C grade
Below 35 -: Fail
Let mark <- input
If ( mark>=75 )
Then print A grade
Elseif ( mark>=60 and mark<=74 )
Then print B grade
Elseif ( mark>=35 and mark<=59 )
Then print C grade
Else
Print Fail

Flowchart to given a marks print grade

Leap year through if - else statement
Constraints-:
→
→
Let N ← input
If ( N % 400==0 or (N% 4==0 and N % 100 !=0)
Then print N is a leap year
Else
Print N is not a leap year

Leap year through if-elseif-else statement
Constraints-:
→
→
let N ← input
If (N% 400 ==0)
then print N is a Leap year
Elseif (N % 4==0 and N % 100!=0)
then print N is a leap year
Else
print n is not leap year

FlowChart of Leap year with if elseif else

Loops (Iterative statements)
while (condition):
#code
num=int(input(“Enter a number:
"))
counter=1
print(“Below are even numbers: ”)
while counter<=num:
if counter%2==0:
print(counter)
counter+=1
Syntax
Example

For loop
Syntax
for counter in range (lower
limit,
upper limit,
[increment factor]):
#code
Example
for i in range(1,5):
# default increment is1
print(i)
for i in range(5,0,-1):
#decrementing by -1
print(i, end=“ ”)

String Handling

Introduction
• Strings are arrays of bytes representing Unicode
characters.
• Python does not have a character data type.
• A single character is simply a string with a length of 1.
• Square brackets can be used to access elements of the
string.
• Strings can be created using single, double or even triple
quotes.

Indexing

Creating Strings
• String in single quotes cannot hold any other single quoted
character in it because the compiler won’t recognize where
to start and end the string.
• To overcome this error, double quotes is preferred, because
it helps in creation of Strings with single quotes in them.
• For strings which contain Double quoted words in them, use
of triple quotes is suggested. Along with this, triple quotes
also allow the creation of multiline strings.

Example of strings
Single Quote
• Double Quoted string has a
Single Quote
# Creation of String
# with single Quotes
str1 = 'Welcome to the Coder Technologies‘
print(str1)
# Creating a String
# with double Quotes
str2 = "I'm learning python“
print(str2)

Example of strings (cont..)
Triple Quotes
• Multiline with Triple
quotes
# Creating a String
# with triple Quotes
str3 = ‘’’I'm learning python and I’m lovin’ it’’’
print(str3)
# Creating multiline
# strings
str4 = '''hi
how are you?
This lockdown is so boring!
'''
print(str4)

String Operations
• Access characters within a string
• Concatenating
• Iterating
• Formatting
• Built-in string methods

Collections

Python Collections
There are four collection data types:
• List: Ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate members.
• Tuple: Ordered and unchangeable. Allows duplicate
members.
• Set: Unordered and un-indexed. No duplicate members.
• Dictionary: Unordered, changeable and indexed. No
duplicate members.

PYTHON BASICS CODING LANGUAGE GO TO.pptx

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