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Q2_Basic Input Output System Set Up Utility
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- 3. BIOS KEY FEATURES: 1)Controls key system settings like boot order, hardware setup, and security features. 2) Responsible for starting the computer and preparing to load the operating system. 3) Essential in older PCs for basic hardware-software communication. 4) Today, most modern systems use UEFI, a newer version of BIOS. Offers faster boot times, better security, and improved hardware support
- 4. HISTORY OF BIOS •The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) was first introduced by IBM in 1981 to help computers start up and load the operating system. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, it became standard in personal computers, with companies like AMI and Phoenix creating their own versions. • However, as technology advanced, BIOS began to show limitations such as slow boot times and limited support for large storage drives. To overcome these issues, Intel introduced UEFI in the mid-2000s as a modern alternative. Today, UEFI has largely replaced BIOS in most modern systems due to its speed, security, and enhanced capabilities.
- 5. WHY IS BIOSREQUIRED? • The BIOS carries out numerous crucial functions for a computer's operation. Checks System Power Boot Process Assistance Security Protection Addresses Performance Issues Loads Operating System Password Protection Enhances IT Outcomes
- 6. 1) Checks SystemPower The system's power is checked by the BIOS, which performs a Power on Self-Test (POST) to confirm hardware initialization upon being switched on. A successful POST will generate a beep sound, while failures will produce distinct beep patterns to indicate errors.
- 7. 2) Boot ProcessAssistance BIOS is essential for finding software and starting the boot process, residing on a ROM or flash memory chip.
- 8. 3) Security Protection Enhancingsystem security is achieved through BIOS updates that patch security vulnerabilities, such as the Lenovo laptops update that addressed exploitable bugs.
- 9. 4) Addresses PerformanceIssues BIOS updates address motherboard-related issues impacting system performance, particularly for long-standing issues not addressed by OS updates.
- 10. 5) Loads OperatingSystem BIOS loads the operating system (OS) by using a bootstrap loader to search for and load a functional OS and installs necessary drivers for controlling hardware.
- 11. 6) Password Protection Passwordprotection feature in BIOS enables secure access to the system during boot up, however resetting forgotten passwords can be a challenging task.
- 12. 7) Enhances ITOutcomes Adjusting BIOS settings enhances PCIe speed, boosts data integrity, and lowers connectivity issues, enabling advanced IT capabilities such as AI and cloud services.
- 13. HOW DOES BIOSWORK? Here are the steps on how BIOS works: 1) Power-On Self-Test (POST) a) BIOS runs POST when the computer powers on. b) It checks vital components like RAM, CPU, keyboard, and storage. c) If issues are found, it shows error messages or beep codes. d) Helps detect hardware failures early before loading the OS.
- 14. 2) INITIALIZING HARDWARE •BIOSconfigures and initializes system components such as: •a) Processor •b) Memory (RAM) •c) Hard drives or SSDs •d) Graphics card •e) Input devices (keyboard, mouse)
- 15. 3) FINDING THEBOOT DEVICE •a) BIOS checks devices in the order set in the boot sequence. •b) It looks for a bootable OS on HDDs, SSDs, USBs, or network sources. •c) The first valid bootable device is selected to continue the startup process. •d) This step ensures the system knows where to load the OS from.
- 16. 4) LOADING THEBOOTLOADER •a) BIOS locates a bootable device (like HDD, SSD, or USB). •b) It passes control to the bootloader (e.g., GRUB, Windows Boot Manager). •c) The bootloader loads the operating system into RAM. •d) This step begins the actual OS startup process.
- 17. 5) TRANSITION TOTHE OPERATING SYSTEM •a) Once the OS loads, it takes full control of the system. •b) BIOS steps back but may still assist through System Management Mode (SMM). •c) SMM handles low-level tasks like power management and hardware control. •d) BIOS remains in the background, supporting specific system functions.
- 18. TYPES OF BASICINPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM (BIOS) • The different types of BIOS play unique roles in handling hardware and ensuring seamless communication between the computer’s components and operating system.
- 19. 1) LEGACY (1STGENERATION) BIOS •In older motherboards, Legacy BIOS firmware is employed to boot up computers, featuring text- based menus and restricted compatibility. • It is unable to detect disks over 2.1 terabytes and does not have contemporary flexibility in CPU and components.
- 20. 2) EXTENSIBLE FIRMWAREINTERFACE (EFI) •Intel created Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) to fix issues with BIOS, establishing a universal firmware standard that does not require architecture-specific frameworks. •The UEFI standards are maintained by the Unified EFI Forum, which consists of Apple, Intel, Microsoft, and IBM, and have evolved from EFI's original design.
- 21. 3) UNIFIED EXTENSIBLEFIRMWARE INTERFACE (UEFI) Launched in 2002, Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) enables disks larger than 2.2 TB with the GUID Partition Table (GPT) and provides enhanced scalability, security, and performance. Unlike BIOS, UEFI does not need a distinct bootloader and has an improved user interface, which increases performance.
- 22. 4) APPLE MACPC'S BIOS EQUIVALENT •Apple Macs utilize Intel's EFI, which evolved into UEFI, as a substitute for BIOS, enabling compatibility with expansive boot disks and drivers integrated into the firmware. •UEFI manages different boot procedures on Macs, such as selecting boot disks by pressing the option key but does not offer hardware configuration options in the traditional BIOS style.
- 23. KEY FUNCTION OFBIOS The key functions of BIOS are vital for initializing hardware, managing system settings, and ensuring a smooth startup process.
- 24. 1) POWER-ON SELF-TEST(POST) •The initial task done by BIOS after the computer is started is POST, which verifies all hardware parts. • If a crucial part malfunctions, the system might not start up, and a sequence of beeps will show what the issue is.
- 25. 2) BOOTSTRAP LOADER •OncePOST is finished, the BIOS starts the bootstrap loader to locate the Operating System in its specified storage area. •When located, BIOS transfers control to the Operating System, enabling the computer to complete its startup process.
- 26. 3) BIOS DRIVERS •BIOSdrivers are necessary software pieces that facilitate communication between the Operating System and hardware, like the keyboard, mouse, and display. •These drivers make sure the system can identify and communicate with hardware prior to loading more drivers.
- 27. 4) BIOS (CMOS)SETUP •The BIOS (CMOS) Setup is a configuration utility built into your computer firmware that allows you to manage essential hardware settings. • It lets you adjust options like the system clock, boot device order, CPU settings, and security features. It retains the settings even when the computer is off.
- 28. HOW TO USEBIOS? • Accessing and using BIOS might sound technical, but it’s easier than you think. It helps you manage your system’s core settings before the operating system loads. Here’s how to use it in simple steps: 1) Restart your computer 2) Press the BIOS key (like F2, DEL, ESC) as soon as it powers on 3) Use arrow keys to navigate menus 4) Change settings like boot order, time, or enable hardware 5) Press F10 to save and exit 6) Restart your PC to apply changes
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- 30. •The BIOS setup,which is also called CMOS setup, enables users to modify system settings and hardware configurations. It allows for alterations such as controlling boot sequence, adjusting system time, and modifying hardware detection process at boot. This interface allows for the management of important system functions.
- 31. HOW TO FIXBIOS? •To repair BIOS problems, reset it by taking out and putting in the CMOS battery or applying the BIOS reset jumper. Alternatively, you may update the BIOS through the website of the manufacturer or enter the BIOS to default settings. In case the problem still exists, look for hardware malfunctions or consult a professional.
- 32. HOW DO IREBOOT MY COMPUTER INTO THE BIOS? •To access BIOS, reboot your computer and tap the BIOS key (e.g., F2, F10, DEL, or ESC) on startup. The key depends on the manufacturer. If fast boot blocks access, utilize Windows' Advanced Startup (Shift + Restart) to go to UEFI settings and enter BIOS.
- 33. •BIOS is likeyour computer’s starter help, it wakes up your system, checks the parts, and helps load the operating system. •Even though newer systems now use UEFI, knowing What is BIOS gives you a better understanding of what happens behind the scenes when you power on your PC. • It’s a small but important part that keeps your device running smoothly right from the start.
- 34. BIOS FIRMWARE DEVELOPERS •Thesecompanies develop the actual BIOS or UEFI software that runs on the motherboard. American Megatrends (AMI), Insyde Software BYOSOFT.
- 35. BIOS CHIP MANUFACTURERS(MEMORY COMPONENT SUPPLIERS) • These companies produce the physical flash memory chips where the BIOS firmware is stored. • Macronix • Winbond • AMD • EON • SST (Silicon Storage Technology) • ST (STMicroelectronics) • PMC (Promisec Microelectronics) • AMIC • ESMT
- 36. BIOS AS INTERFACEBETWEEN OPERATING SYSTEM AND HARDWARE
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- 39. TYPICAL BIOS SETUP MENU
- 40. MAIN •Displays basic systeminformation (BIOS version, serial numbers, processor type). •Allows you to set the system date and time
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- 42. ADVANCED •Provides access tosettings for hardware components. •Includes options for configuring the CPU, memory, USB ports, and enabling features like virtualisation or hyperthreading.
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- 44. BOOT This section iscrucial for configuring the boot order, which determines the sequence of devices the computer checks for an operating system. You can also find options for Secure Boot and enabling/disabling boot from USB or network.
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- 46. SECURITY Here, you canset or change administrator passwords to protect your system, review Trusted Platform Module (TPM) settings, and restore security settings to their factory defaults.
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- 49. EXIT This menu providesoptions to save your configuration changes and exit the BIOS, discard any changes and exit, or load default setup values.
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- 51. BIOS SET UPCONFIGURATION
- 52. BIOS SET UPCONFIGURATION
- 53. BIOS SET UPCONFIGURATION
- 54. BIOS SET UPCONFIGURATION
- 55. COMMON SETTINGS YOUMIGHT FIND: • Boot Device Priority: Sets the order in which devices (like a USB drive or hard drive) are checked for an operating system. • System Date and Time: Allows you to adjust the system's clock and calendar. • Power Management: Options to configure power-saving settings for various system components. • Virtualization Technology: Enables or disables hardware support for virtual machines, often found in the Advanced or System Configuration menu. • Secure Boot: A feature in the Boot menu that helps protect your system by ensuring only trusted software runs during the startup process.