Software Metrics, Project Management and Estimation

Software Metrics, Project Management and Estimation

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  MADHAV INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE Software Metrics, Project Management and Estimation By: BULBUL AGRAWAL Assistant Professor MITS, Gwalior
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  Software Metrics inProcess and Project Domains 2 Software metrics are used to measure the quality of software products and processes. In the process domain, metrics are used to monitor and control the software development process. Metrics such as defect density, code complexity, and productivity can help identify areas that need improvement. In the project domain, metrics are used to measure the progress and success of a software project. Metrics such as schedule variance, cost variance, and earned value can help project managers make informed decisions. Metrics can be categorized into three types: • PRODUCT METRICS- Product metrics are used to measure the characteristics of the software product, such as size, complexity, and quality. • PROCESS METRICS- Process metrics are used to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of the software development process. • PROJECT METRICS- Project metrics are used to measure the progress and success of a software project.
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  3 Software Measurement andQuality Metrics ▪ Software measurement is the process of quantitatively assessing software products and processes. Measurements can be collected at different stages of the software development life cycle, from requirements gathering to maintenance. The goal of software measurement is to improve the quality of software products and processes by providing objective data for decision-making. ▪ Quality metrics are used to measure the quality of software products. ▪ They can be classified into three categories: • PRODUCT OPERATION METRICS- Product operation metrics measure the performance, reliability, and usability of the software product. • PRODUCT REVISION METRICS- Product revision metrics measure the maintainability and testability of the software product. • PRODUCT TRANSITION METRICS- Product transition metrics measure the portability and interoperability of the software product.
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  4 Project Management Basics- People, Product, Process, Project ▪ Project management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals within a defined scope, budget, and timeline. ▪ There are four key elements of project management: ▪ PEOPLE- People refer to the team members involved in the project, including stakeholders, sponsors, and developers. ▪ PRODUCT- Product refers to the software product being developed. ▪ PROCESS- Process refers to the software development process being used. ▪ PROJECT-Project refers to the overall effort to develop the software product. ▪ Effective project management requires a combination of technical skills, communication skills, and leadership skills. Project managers must be able to plan and execute projects, manage risks, communicate effectively with stakeholders, and motivate team members to achieve project goals.
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  5 Software Project Estimationand Decomposition Techniques ▪ Software project estimation is the process of predicting the resources required to complete a software project. Estimation involves breaking down the project into smaller, more manageable components and estimating the effort required for each component. There are several decomposition techniques used in software project estimation, including function point estimation, line of code (LOC) based estimation, empirical estimation, and COCOMO model. ▪ Function point estimation is a technique that measures the functionality provided by the software product. LOC-based estimation estimates the effort required based on the number of lines of code in the software product. Empirical estimation uses historical data from previous projects to estimate the effort required for the current project. The COCOMO model is a mathematical model that estimates the effort required based on project characteristics such as size, complexity, and experience level of the development team.
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  6 Decomposition Techniques inSoftware Project Estimation ▪ Decomposition techniques are used in software project estimation to break down the project into smaller components that can be estimated more accurately. Function point estimation and line of code (LOC) based estimation are two commonly used decomposition techniques. ▪ Function point estimation involves breaking down the system into functional components and estimating the size and complexity of each component. LOC-based estimation involves estimating the size of the program based on the number of lines of code. Empirical Estimation in Software Project Estimation ▪ Empirical estimation is a data-driven approach to software project estimation. It involves using historical data from previous projects to estimate the effort, time, and cost required for a new project. ▪ This technique is based on the assumption that the future performance of a team can be predicted based on their past performance. Empirical estimation is particularly useful for organizations that have a large number of similar projects.
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  7 line of code(LOC) A line of code (LOC) is any line of text in a code that is not a comment or blank line, and also header lines, in any case of the number of statements or fragments of statements on the line. LOC clearly consists of all lines containing the declaration of any variable, and executable and non-executable statements. As Lines of Code (LOC) only counts the volume of code, you can only use it to compare or estimate projects that use the same language and are coded using the same coding standards. COCOMO Model in Software Project Estimation ▪ The COCOMO model is a widely used software project estimation model developed by Barry Boehm. It is a hierarchical model that estimates the effort, time, and cost required for a project based on various factors such as the size of the project, the complexity of the project, and the experience of the team. ▪ The COCOMO model has three different levels: Basic, Intermediate, and Detailed. The Basic model is used for early-stage estimation, while the Intermediate and Detailed models are used for more accurate estimation.
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  9 Project Scheduling Techniques ▪Project scheduling is the process of creating a timeline for a software project. The timeline includes all the tasks required to complete the project, their dependencies, and their duration. There are several scheduling techniques used in software project management, including Gantt charts, critical path analysis, and program evaluation and review technique (PERT). ▪ Gantt charts are visual representations of the project schedule that show the start and end dates of each task. Critical path analysis identifies the critical path, or the sequence of tasks that must be completed on time to ensure the project is completed on schedule. PERT is a statistical tool that uses probabilistic estimates to calculate the expected duration of each task and the overall project duration.
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  10 • VISUAL REPRESENTATION
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  Conclusion In conclusion, softwaremetrics, project management, and estimation are essential components of successful software development. Metrics provide objective data for decision-making, project management ensures effective planning and execution of software projects, and estimation helps predict the resources required for a software project. By using these techniques, software development teams can improve the quality of their software products and processes and deliver projects on time and within budget. It is important for software development teams to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices in software metrics, project management, and estimation to ensure they are using the most effective techniques for their projects. 11
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