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Software Testing or Quality Assurance
Software testing is a crucial process to ensure product quality, identifying defects between expected and actual results, and involves several stages from requirement gathering to post-implementation. It encompasses various testing levels such as unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance testing, using techniques like black box and white box testing. The software testing life cycle (STLC) consists of methodical activities including test planning, execution, and verification, emphasizing the importance of skillful testers and effective communication in the process.
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Introduction to software testing by Pushpendra Singh, Senior QA at Trimantra, outlining its significance.
Software testing process defined as a quality investigation; aims to find defects between expected and actual results.
Explores essential questions in software testing: why to test, what to test, how to test, and who tests.
Testing ensures products are defect-free and meet specifications; it enhances quality and reliability.
Key criteria for software include being error-free, efficient, and secure as per requirements.
Testing initiation starts during the requirements phase and continues until release.
Various participants in the testing process include customers, users, developers, testers, and auditors.
Highlights frequent problems in development: poor requirements, unrealistic schedules, features, and miscommunication.
Common misconceptions include easy testing, timing for testing, and misattributing faults to developers.
Essential skills for testers include attention to detail, understanding customer needs, and good judgment.
Overview of the SDLC stages: Requirement Gathering, Analysis, Design, Development, Testing, Implementation, and Maintenance.
Description of recognized SDLC models: Waterfall, Prototype, Incremental, RAD, Spiral, V, and Agile models.
The STLC involves a series of methodical activities to certify software products.
Stages of STLC include Requirements Analysis, Test Planning, Analysis, Design, Construction, Execution, Implementation, and Post Implementation.
Verification ensures requirements are met through reviews and audits; validation checks correctness of a final build.
Levels of testing outlined: Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, User Acceptance Testing.
Unit Testing focuses on the smallest testable parts of software, typically performed by developers.
Different types of functional testing including functionality testing, smoke testing, and sanity testing.
Enumerates various non-functional testing types: recovery, compatibility, configuration, installation, performance, load, stress, data volume, and security testing.
Focus on usability testing, specifically user interface and manual support testing.
Contrasts black box testing which focuses on outputs, with white box testing that considers internal logic.
Methods for black box test case design include Class Partitioning, Boundary Value Analysis, Decision Tables, and others.
White box testing is based on internal code analysis; used mainly at unit level testing to check control and data flow.
Explains types of white box testing techniques including Statement Coverage, Decision Coverage, and Condition Coverage.
Statement coverage ensures every statement in the code is executed at least once for testing.
Decision coverage checks all logical decisions, testing true and false outcomes to ensure correctness.
Condition coverage ensures that each condition in a decision is tested for all possible outcomes.
Cyclomatic complexity indicates the testing amount needed; defined mathematically with nodes and edges.
Illustrates cyclomatic complexity calculation with an example to demonstrate its applicability in testing.
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Software Testing or Quality Assurance
- 1. Software Testing Presented By: Pushpendra Singh Designation : Senior QA at Trimantra Software solution
- 2. What is softwaretesting ? Software testing is a process to investigation about the quality. Or Process of finding defect i.e. variance between Expected and actual result.
- 3. Why ? What? How? Who? Why to test ? What to test ? How to test ? Who test ?
- 4. Why is testingnecessary ? software testing is necessary to make sure the product or application is defect free, as per customer specifications. Software testing identifies fault whose removal increases the software Quality and Increases the software reliability. Testing effort is directly proportional to the complexity of the program.
- 5. Why is testingnecessary ? Software should be Error free as per requirement Efficient Secured
- 6. Start Testing-when? Testing startsright from the requirements phase and continues till the release time .
- 7. Participations in testing Customer User Developer Tester Auditor
- 8. Common problems inthe software development process ? Poor requirements Unrealistic schedule Features Miscommunication
- 9. Misconception Anyone cantest software : no particular skill is required . Tester can test the quality at the end of the project Defects found means blaming to the developers.
- 10. What are theskill required for testing? Strong Desired for quality and attention to details Ability to understand the point of customer, what He / She want Good understanding with developer and tester. judgment skill “Things to break” attitude
- 11. Software Development LifeCycle (SDLC) The seven stages of SDLC process are Requirement Gathering Analysis. Design Development Testing Implementation Maintenance
- 12. There are fewrecognized models..... Water Fall Model Prototype Model Incremental Model RAD (Rapid Application Development) Model Spiral Model V Model Agile Model SDLC Models
- 13. Software Testing LifeCycle (STLC) Software Testing is not a just a single activity. It consists of series of activities carried out methodologically to help certify your software product. These activities (stages) constitute the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC).
- 14. Requirements Analysis Test Planning Test Analysis Test Design Test Construction and Verification Test Execution and Bug Reporting Final Testing and Implementation Post Implementation STLC Stages
- 15. Verification and Validation Requirement review Requirement Functional specification CODE REVIEW DesignBuild software Code Release For use Build system Functional space review Design Review Unit testing Integration testing System testing Acceptance testing
- 16. Verification also knownas quality assurance. Static testing is done on this. Walkthrough Inspection Technical review Audit Verification
- 17. Validation Validation typically involvesactual testing and takes place after the verifications are complete. Validation determines the correctness of a final build with respect to its requirements. Validation checks whether we are building the right product.
- 18. Levels Of Testing Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing User Acceptance Testing
- 19. Unit - smallesttestable piece of software. Unit testing is process of testing the smallest/ individual component of program. Unit test is a procedure used to validate that individual unit of source code is working properly. Before entering into the unit testing it should be gone through code review. Tests the functionality of units. Typically done by the developers and not by testers. It is typically used to verify control flow, data flow and memory leak problems. Unit Testing
- 20. Functionality testing Smoke testing Sanitytesting Functional Testing Type
- 21. Recovery Testing Compatibility Testing Configuration Testing Inter system Testing Installation Testing performance Testing Load Testing Stress Testing Data Volume Testing Security testing Non-Functionality Testing Type
- 22. Usability Testing Useinterface (GUI) Manual support testing
- 23. Black Box andWhite box Techniques Black Box Testing Black box testing is testing that ignores the internal mechanism of a system or component and focuses solely on the outputs generated in response to selected inputs and execution conditions. (also called as Behavioral testing, Functional testing, Data driven testing, I/O driven testing) White Box Testing White box testing is testing that takes into account the internal mechanism of a system or component. (also called as Structural testing, Glass box testing, Transparent-box and Clear box Testing )
- 24. Test Case Designmethods: Equivalence Class partitioning method Boundary value analysis Decision Tables State transition testing Use case based testing Error guessing Black box testing
- 25. White box Testing Testingbased on analysis of internal logic (design, code, etc.). White-box testing techniques apply primarily to lower levels of testing (e.g., unit and component). Targets to check control flow, looping, dataflow, all the nodes and paths. Mandatory to have a knowledge of code in which the system is designed.
- 26. White Box -testing techniques Statement coverage Decision coverage Condition Coverage
- 27. Statement coverage Execute allthe statements at least once Weakest form of coverage as it requires every line of code to be checked ?
- 28. Decision coverage (Branchcoverage) Exercise all logical decision on their true or false sides. To test the branch we must once check the true condition and once the false condition True False ?
- 29. Condition Coverage Execute eachdecision with all possible outcomes at least once It requires all cases. Checks each of the ways condition can be made true or false
- 30. Condition Coverage ? 1 2 ?? 1 23 ? ? 1 2 3 4
- 31. Cyclomatic Complexity It isimportant to testers because it provides an indication of the amount of testing. Cyclomatic complexity is defined as control flow graph G, cyclomatic complexity V(G): V(G)= E-N+2 Where N is the number of nodes in G E is the number of edges in G
- 32. Read A IF A< 0 THEN Print ?A negative? ENDIF IF A > 0 THEN Print ?A positive? ENDIF Cyclomatic complexity= 3 E-N+2 8-7+2=3 Cyclomatic Complexity
Editor's Notes
- #17 A step-by-step presentation by the author of the document Inspection - A type of peer review that relies on visual examination of documents to detect defects. Technical review Audit :- a. internal b. external
- #21 1. This testing is performed by the developers or testers. 2. Smoke testing is a subset of Regression testing. 3. Smoke testing is like General Health Check Up. Sanity testing is usually performed by testers. Sanity testing is a subset of Acceptance testing Sanity Testing is like specialized health check up
- #22 Performance testing is a type of testing intended to determine the responsiveness, throughput, reliability, and/or scalability of a system under a given workload. Load testing is the process of putting demand on a system or device and measuring its response. Load testing is performed to determine a system's behavior under both normal and anticipated peakload conditions. Many a times, an application is hosted across locations; however, all data needs to be deployed over a central location. The process of testing the integration points for single application hosted at different locations and then ensuring correct data flow across each location is known as inter system testing.
- #25 equivalence class represents a set of valid or invalid states for input condition. Test the boundary of the field – (2-25 ) Decision Tables: login - make condition State transition testing: - look at each and every possible way. Use case based testing:- go through the usecase document and try to use software
- #32 Cyclomatic complexity is a source code complexity measurement that is being correlated to a number of coding errors. It is calculated by developing a Control Flow Graph of the code that measures the number of linearly-independent paths through a program module. Lower the Program's cyclomatic complexity, lower the risk to modify and easier to understand. It can be represented using the below formula:
- #33 I f A is less thene 0 Print ?A