The document discusses various Transact-SQL functions and features including:
1) Sequence objects that generate unique numbers and can be used to automatically populate columns. String functions like CONCAT and FORMAT are demonstrated for concatenating and formatting strings.
2) Logical functions such as IIF and CHOOSE are shown. Date/time functions like DATEFROMPARTS and PARSE are used to extract dates from strings.
3) Paging results with OFFSET and FETCH is covered along with using sequences to generate unique IDs and row numbers when paging query results.