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The Age of Enlightenment
- 2. An English politicaltheorist. Sought to create a science ofpolitics. Was influenced when hemet Galileo and Descartes. Few people agreedwith Hobbe’s thinking. However, later philosophers examined the questions heraised.
- 5. Proposed the ideaofnaturalrights. Most influential ideas on government. DeeplyinvolvedinthepoliticsoftheGloriousRevolutioninEngland.
- 7. Related to hispolitical ideas; Influenced byNewton’s discoveries;
- 11. *Lookedupon Jesus asa great moral teacher rather thanas the son of God.
- 12. The Enlightenment iscentered in France.
- 13. socialcriticsand philosophersof thisperiodin France. the reforms they proposed were a reactionagainst the French traditions ofabsolute monarchyand the divine right of kings.
- 14. also challengedthe traditionalview that the nobility and clergywere entitled to specialprivileges.
- 16. Philosophes considered warand persecutionsin the name of religion to be unreasonable. They wanted individuals to be able to choose their ownreligious beliefs freely & not be persecutedfor them. They opposed censorship by either the Church or the Government.
- 17. Most likely themost brilliant and influential philosophes. Wrote political essaysand clever stories in which he attacked or made funof intolerance and superstition Most renowned work was Candide
- 18. Frenchlawyer and aristocrat. Admiredthe English system of governmentthe freedoms that the English people were guaranteed. Tried to set down different ideas or principles that would lead toa good government and perseveranceofthe people’s rights.
- 20. Montesquieu believed thatthis principle would prevent any person or group to gain complete control of the government.
- 21. The chief editorwas the Frenchwriter Dean Diderot. Jean d’Alembertedited thescientific articles. Banned the workfor undermining royal authority, encouraging a spirit of revolt, and fostering of moral corruption, irreligion &unbelief. Diderot convinced the government to publish some volumes of the encyclopaedia but the articles had to be carefully worded to avoid criticism by the censors.
- 22. Italian economist andlaw professor.
- 24. Crime Prevention a scientificinvestigation into the effectiveness of punishment urged by Beccaria
- 26. Proposed new approachesto education and social change Thephilosopher who most influenced educational theory
- 32. Philosophes were asmall group, but they had great influence. Enlightenment ideas werespread not only by their books but also by their visits and letters to European rulers and political leaders
- 38. Noblewoman who trainedas a mathematician and physicist
- 40. Enlightenment artists emphasized balanceand gracefulness.
- 41. German; Most outstanding figure/composerin theBaroqueperiod.
- 44. Frenchclassical writing emphasizeddrama. The tragedies ofRacineand the satirical comedy Molierewereconsidered classical works.
- 45. Devoloped modern musicalforms(Sonata and Symphony)
- 46. OperasDonGiovanniand TheMarriageofFigaro seta new musical style.
- 47. Musicwas known forits power and grandeurmusic.