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Top 100 SQL Interview Questions and Answers
The document provides a comprehensive list of SQL interview questions and answers, covering essential topics like databases, normalization, keys, joins, queries, and data integrity. It explains concepts such as primary and foreign keys, different types of joins, the purpose of stored procedures, and the distinction between various SQL commands. This resource is aimed at helping candidates prepare for SQL-related job interviews.
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This section introduces SQL, DBMS, RDBMS, and the concept of databases, emphasizing their definitions and examples such as SQL Server and various database types.
This segment explains database structure, focusing on tables, fields, primary keys, unique keys, foreign keys, and types of joins (inner, outer, right, left, full), crucial for understanding relational databases.
Normalization and denormalization processes are detailed, explaining their importance in database design and how they minimize redundancy through various normal forms.
An overview of database indexing, discussing types of indexes (clustered, non-clustered), their effect on performance, and relationships between tables, which are essential for efficient database management.
This part outlines the definition of queries, subqueries, and their types (correlated and non-correlated), which are fundamental for data retrieval in SQL.
Defines database triggers, their purpose in maintaining data integrity, and the types of triggers (Insert, Delete, Update, Instead Of) used to automate processes.
Discussion of SQL commands like DELETE, TRUNCATE, DROP, advantages of stored procedures, and security concerns like SQL injection, crucial for data manipulation and integrity.
Explanation of data integrity (constraints), collation rules, and differences between JOIN and UNION operations in SQL for effective data retrieval.
This segment covers advanced SQL techniques: filtering data, handling date ranges, aggregate functions, and understanding transactions and their properties (ACID).
Explains database locks (shared and exclusive) and composite keys, which are vital for managing concurrent transactions and ensuring data consistency.
Defines SQL statements (INSERT, UPDATE), discusses wildcards and pattern matching, and various SQL functions that assist in data manipulation and retrieval.
Comparison of views and materialized views, their advantages and disadvantages, and their roles in simplifying complex queries while optimizing performance.
Discusses updating database statistics, the significance of IDENTITY columns for auto-incrementing keys, and how they facilitate row management.
Methods to retrieve unique records and differences between data types like NULL, synonyms, and understanding data warehouses and user-defined functions.
Focuses on collation types, basics of Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), and the implications of managing transactions in SQL databases.
Overview of fundamental SQL commands like CREATE, SELECT, aggregate functions, user-defined functions, and the SQL Profiler tool.
Discusses SQL Server authentication modes, stored procedures, and log shipping methods to ensure data consistency and security.
Covers mechanisms for maintaining data integrity through CHECK constraints, error handling techniques using TRY-CATCH, and SQL functions for data checks.
Comparative discussion on different SQL functions, usage, and implications of efficient database queries for performance optimization.
Final sections illustrate how to manage database relationships, execute complex SQL queries, and discuss advanced SQL functionalities like cursors and magic tables.
Lists various online resources for further reading and exploration of SQL interview questions and answers.
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Top 100 SQL Interview Questions and Answers
- 1. hirist .com www.hirist.com SQL TOP 100 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
- 2. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisDBMS? 2 QUESTION ADatabaseManagementSystem(DBMS)isaprogramthatcontrolscreation,maintenanceanduseofadatabase. DBMScanbetermedasFileManagerthatmanagesdatainadatabaseratherthansavingitinfilesystems. ANSWER QUESTION 1
- 3. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisRDBMS? 3 QUESTION RDBMSstandsforRelationalDatabaseManagementSystem.RDBMSstorethedataintothecollectionoftables, whichisrelatedbycommonfieldsbetweenthecolumnsofthetable.Italsoprovidesrelationaloperatorstomanipulatethedatastoredintothetables. Example:SQLServer. ANSWER QUESTION 2
- 4. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisSQL? 4 QUESTION SQLstandsforStructuredQueryLanguage,anditisusedtocommunicatewiththeDatabase.Thisisastandardlanguageusedtoperformtaskssuchasretrieval,updation,insertionanddeletionofdatafromadatabase. StandardSQLCommandsareSelect. ANSWER QUESTION 3
- 5. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaDatabase? 5 QUESTION Databaseisnothingbutanorganizedformofdataforeasyaccess,storing,retrievalandmanagingofdata.Thisisalsoknownasstructuredformofdatawhichcanbeaccessedinmanyways. Example:SchoolManagementDatabase,BankManagementDatabase. ANSWER QUESTION 4
- 6. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhataretablesandFields? 6 QUESTION AtableisasetofdatathatareorganizedinamodelwithColumnsandRows.Columnscanbecategorizedasvertical,andRowsarehorizontal.Atablehasspecifiednumberofcolumncalledfieldsbutcanhaveanynumberofrowswhichiscalledrecord. Example:. Table:Employee. Field:EmpID,EmpName,DateofBirth. Data:201456,David,11/15/1960. ANSWER QUESTION 5
- 7. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisaprimarykey? 7 QUESTION Aprimarykeyisacombinationoffieldswhichuniquelyspecifyarow.Thisisaspecialkindofuniquekey,andithasimplicitNOTNULLconstraint.Itmeans,PrimarykeyvaluescannotbeNULL. ANSWER QUESTION 6
- 8. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisauniquekey? 8 QUESTION AUniquekeyconstraintuniquelyidentifiedeachrecordinthedatabase.Thisprovidesuniquenessforthecolumnorsetofcolumns. APrimarykeyconstrainthasautomaticuniqueconstraintdefinedonit.Butnot,inthecaseofUniqueKey. Therecanbemanyuniqueconstraintdefinedpertable,butonlyonePrimarykeyconstraintdefinedpertable. ANSWER QUESTION 7
- 9. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisaforeignkey? 9 QUESTION Aforeignkeyisonetablewhichcanberelatedtotheprimarykeyofanothertable.Relationshipneedstobecreatedbetweentwotablesbyreferencingforeignkeywiththeprimarykeyofanothertable. ANSWER QUESTION 8
- 10. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatarethetypesofjoinandexplaineach? 10 QUESTION Therearevarioustypesofjoinwhichcanbeusedtoretrievedataanditdependsontherelationshipbetweentables. InnerJoin:Innerjoinreturnrowswhenthereisatleastonematchofrowsbetweenthetables. RightJoin:RightjoinreturnrowswhicharecommonbetweenthetablesandallrowsofRighthandsidetable. Simply,itreturnsalltherowsfromtherighthandsidetableeventhoughtherearenomatchesinthelefthandsidetable. LeftJoin:LeftjoinreturnrowswhicharecommonbetweenthetablesandallrowsofLefthandsidetable.Simply,itreturnsalltherowsfromLefthandsidetableeventhoughtherearenomatchesintheRighthandsidetable. FullJoin:Fulljoinreturnrowswhentherearematchingrowsinanyoneofthetables.Thismeans,itreturnsalltherowsfromthelefthandsidetableandalltherowsfromtherighthandsidetable. ANSWER QUESTION 9
- 11. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Explainanouterjoin? 11 QUESTION Anouterjoinincludesrowsfromtableswhentherearenomatchingvaluesinthetables. ANSWER QUESTION 10
- 12. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisnormalization? 12 QUESTION Normalizationistheprocessofminimizingredundancyanddependencybyorganizingfieldsandtableofadatabase.ThemainaimofNormalizationistoadd,deleteormodifyfieldthatcanbemadeinasingletable. ANSWER QUESTION 11
- 13. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisDenormalization? 13 QUESTION DeNormalizationisatechniqueusedtoaccessthedatafromhighertolowernormalformsofdatabase.Itisalsoprocessofintroducingredundancyintoatablebyincorporatingdatafromtherelatedtables. ANSWER QUESTION 12
- 14. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatareallthedifferentnormalizations? 14 QUESTION Thenormalformscanbedividedinto4forms,andtheyareexplainedbelow-. FirstNormalForm(1NF):Thisshouldremovealltheduplicatecolumnsfromthetable.Creationoftablesfortherelateddataandidentificationofuniquecolumns. SecondNormalForm(2NF):Meetingallrequirementsofthefirstnormalform.PlacingthesubsetsofdatainseparatetablesandCreationofrelationshipsbetweenthetablesusingprimarykeys. ThirdNormalForm(3NF):Thisshouldmeetallrequirementsof2NF.Removingthecolumnswhicharenotdependentonprimarykeyconstraints. FourthNormalForm(4NF):Meetingalltherequirementsofthirdnormalformanditshouldnothavemulti- valueddependencies. ANSWER QUESTION 13
- 15. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisanIndex?Whatareallthedifferenttypesofindexes? 15 QUESTION Anindexisperformancetuningmethodofallowingfasterretrievalofrecordsfromthetable.Anindexcreatesanentryforeachvalueanditwillbefastertoretrievedata. Thisindexingdoesnotallowthefieldtohaveduplicatevaluesifthecolumnisuniqueindexed.Uniqueindexcanbeappliedautomaticallywhenprimarykeyisdefined. ClusteredIndex:Thistypeofindexreordersthephysicalorderofthetableandsearchbasedonthekeyvalues. Eachtablecanhaveonlyoneclusteredindex. NonClusteredIndex:NonClusteredIndexdoesnotalterthephysicalorderofthetableandmaintainslogicalorderofdata.Eachtablecanhave999nonclusteredindexes. ANSWER QUESTION 14
- 16. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisarelationshipandwhatarethey? 16 QUESTION DatabaseRelationshipisdefinedastheconnectionbetweenthetablesinadatabase.Therearevariousdatabasingrelationships,andtheyareasfollows:. OnetoOneRelationship. OnetoManyRelationship. ManytoOneRelationship. Self-ReferencingRelationship. ANSWER QUESTION 15
- 17. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisaquery? 17 QUESTION ADBqueryisacodewritteninordertogettheinformationbackfromthedatabase.Querycanbedesignedinsuchawaythatitmatchedwithourexpectationoftheresultset.Simply,aquestiontotheDatabase. ANSWER QUESTION 16
- 18. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatissubquery?Whatarethetypesofsubquery? 18 QUESTION Asubqueryisaquerywithinanotherquery.Theouterqueryiscalledasmainquery,andinnerqueryiscalledsubquery.SubQueryisalwaysexecutedfirst,andtheresultofsubqueryispassedontothemainquery. Therearetwotypesofsubquery–CorrelatedandNon-Correlated. Acorrelatedsubquerycannotbeconsideredasindependentquery,butitcanreferthecolumninatablelistedintheFROMthelistofthemainquery. ANon-Correlatedsubquerycanbeconsideredasindependentqueryandtheoutputofsubqueryaresubstitutedinthemainquery. ANSWER QUESTION 17
- 19. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisatrigger? 19 QUESTION ADBtriggerisacodeorprogramsthatautomaticallyexecutewithresponsetosomeeventonatableorviewinadatabase.Mainly,triggerhelpstomaintaintheintegrityofthedatabase. Example:Whenanewstudentisaddedtothestudentdatabase,newrecordsshouldbecreatedintherelatedtableslikeExam,ScoreandAttendancetables. ANSWER QUESTION 18
- 20. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatarethetypesofTriggers? 20 QUESTION Therearefourtypesoftriggersandtheyare: •Insert •Delete •Update •Insteadof ANSWER QUESTION 19
- 21. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisthedifferencebetweenDELETETRUNCATEandDROPcommands? 21 QUESTION DELETEcommandisusedtoremoverowsfromthetable,andWHEREclausecanbeusedforconditionalsetofparameters.CommitandRollbackcanbeperformedafterdeletestatement. TRUNCATEremovesallrowsfromthetable.Truncateoperationcannotberolledback. Dropcommandisusedtodropthetableorkeyslikeprimary,foreignfromatable. ANSWER QUESTION 20
- 22. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisdataIntegrity? 22 QUESTION DataIntegritydefinestheaccuracyandconsistencyofdatastoredinadatabase.Itcanalsodefineintegrityconstraintstoenforcebusinessrulesonthedatawhenitisenteredintotheapplicationordatabase. ANSWER QUESTION 21
- 23. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatiscollation? 23 QUESTION Collationisdefinedassetofrulesthatdeterminehowcharacterdatacanbesortedandcompared.ThiscanbeusedtocompareAand,otherlanguagecharactersandalsodependsonthewidthofthecharacters. ASCIIvaluecanbeusedtocomparethesecharacterdata. ANSWER QUESTION 22
- 24. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofStoredProcedure? 24 QUESTION Storedprocedurecanbeusedasamodularprogramming–meanscreateonce,storeandcallforseveraltimeswheneverrequired.Thissupportsfasterexecutioninsteadofexecutingmultiplequeries.Thisreducesnetworktrafficandprovidesbettersecuritytothedata. DisadvantageisthatitcanbeexecutedonlyintheDatabaseandutilizesmorememoryinthedatabaseserver. ANSWER QUESTION 23
- 25. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisSQLInjection? 25 QUESTION SQLInjectionisoneofthetechniquesusesbyhackerstohackawebsitebyinjectingSQLcommandsindatafields. ANSWER QUESTION 24
- 26. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisthedifferencebetweenaHAVINGCLAUSEandaWHERECLAUSE? 26 QUESTION Theyspecifyasearchconditionforagrouporanaggregate.ButthedifferenceisthatHAVINGcanbeusedonlywiththeSELECTstatement.HAVINGistypicallyusedinaGROUPBYclause.WhenGROUPBYisnotused, HAVINGbehaveslikeaWHEREclause.HavingClauseisbasicallyusedonlywiththeGROUPBYfunctioninaquerywhereasWHEREClauseisappliedtoeachrowbeforetheyarepartoftheGROUPBYfunctioninaquery. ANSWER QUESTION 25
- 27. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Howwouldapplydaterangefilter? 27 QUESTION a.Youcanusesimplecondition>=and<=orsimilarorusebetween/andbutthetrickistoknowyourexactdatatype. b.Sometimesdatefieldscontaintimeandthatiswherethequerycangowrongsoitisrecommendedtousesomedaterelatedfunctionstoremovethetimeissue.InSQLServercommonfunctiontodothatisdatedifffunction. c.Youalsohavetobeawareofdifferenttimezonesandservertimezone. d.Toincreasequeryperformanceyoumaystillwanttousebetweenhoweveryoushouldbeawareofproperformatyoushoulduseifnotitmightmisbehaveduringfiltering. ANSWER QUESTION 26
- 28. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisthedifferencebetweenJOINandUNION? 28 QUESTION SQLJOINallowsusto―lookup‖recordsonothertablebasedonthegivenconditionsbetweentwotables.Forexample,ifwehavethedepartmentIDofeachemployee,thenwecanusethisdepartmentIDoftheemployeetabletojoinwiththedepartmentIDofdepartmenttabletolookupdepartmentnames. UNIONoperationallowsustoadd2similardatasetstocreateresultingdatasetthatcontainsallthedatafromthesourcedatasets.Uniondoesnotrequireanyconditionforjoining.Forexample,ifyouhave2employeetableswithsamestructure,youcanUNIONthemtocreateoneresultsetthatwillcontainalltheemployeesfrombothofthetables. SELECT*FROMEMP1 UNION SELECT*FROMEMP2; ANSWER QUESTION 27
- 29. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisthedifferenceamongUNION,MINUSandINTERSECT? 29 QUESTION UNIONcombinestheresultsfrom2tablesandeliminatesduplicaterecordsfromtheresultset. MINUSoperatorwhenusedbetween2tables,givesusalltherowsfromthefirsttableexcepttherowswhicharepresentinthesecondtable. INTERSECToperatorreturnsusonlythematchingorcommonrowsbetween2resultsets. ANSWER QUESTION 28
- 30. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisSelfJoinandwhyisitrequired? 30 QUESTION SelfJoinistheactofjoiningonetablewithitself.SelfJoinisoftenveryusefultoconvertahierarchicalstructureintoaflatstructure ANSWER QUESTION 29
- 31. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com HowcanwetransposeatableusingSQL(changingrowstocolumnorvice-versa)? 31 QUESTION TheusualwaytodoitinSQListouseCASEstatementorDECODEstatement. ANSWER QUESTION 30
- 32. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatarethedifferencesamongROWNUM,RANKandDENSE_RANK? 32 QUESTION ROW_NUMBERassignscontiguous,uniquenumbersfrom1..Ntoaresultset. RANKdoesnotassignuniquenumbers—nordoesitassigncontiguousnumbers.Iftworecordstieforsecondplace,norecordwillbeassignedthe3rdrankasnoonecameinthird,accordingtoRANK. DENSE_RANK,likeRANK,doesnotassignuniquenumbers,butitdoesassigncontiguousnumbers.Eventhoughtworecordstiedforsecondplace,thereisathird-placerecord. ANSWER QUESTION 31
- 33. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisadatabasetransaction? 33 QUESTION Databasetransactiontakedatabasefromoneconsistentstatetoanother.Attheendofthetransactionthesystemmustbeinthepriorstateiftransactionfailsorthestatusofthesystemshouldreflectthesuccessfulcompletionifthetransactiongoesthrough. ANSWER QUESTION 32
- 34. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatarepropertiesofatransaction? 34 QUESTION PropertiesofthetransactioncanbesummarizedasACIDProperties. 1.Atomicity:Atransactionconsistsofmanysteps.Whenallthestepsinatransactiongetscompleted,itwillgetreflectedinDBorifanystepfails,allthetransactionsarerolledback. 2.Consistency:Thedatabasewillmovefromoneconsistentstatetoanother,ifthetransactionsucceedsandremainintheoriginalstate,ifthetransactionfails. 3.Isolation:Everytransactionshouldoperateasifitistheonlytransactioninthesystem 4.Durability:Onceatransactionhascompletedsuccessfully,theupdatedrows/recordsmustbeavailableforallothertransactionsonapermanentbasis ANSWER QUESTION 33
- 35. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaDatabaseLock?Whatarethetypeoflocks? 35 QUESTION Databaselocktellatransaction,ifthedataiteminquestionsiscurrentlybeingusedbyothertransactions. 1.SharedLock:Whenasharedlockisappliedondataitem,othertransactionscanonlyreadtheitem,butcan'twriteintoit. 2.ExclusiveLock:Whenaexclusivelockisappliedondataitem,othertransactionscan'treadorwriteintothedataitem. ANSWER QUESTION 34
- 36. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaCompositeKey? 36 QUESTION ACompositeprimarykeyisatypeofcandidatekey,whichrepresentsasetofcolumnswhosevaluesuniquelyidentifyeveryrowinatable. Forexample-if"Employee_ID"and"EmployeeName"inatableiscombinedtouniquelyidentifiesarowitscalledaCompositeKey. ANSWER QUESTION 35
- 37. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaCompositePrimaryKey? 37 QUESTION ACompositeprimarykeyisasetofcolumnswhosevaluesuniquelyidentifyeveryrowinatable.Whatitmeansisthat,tablewhichcontainscompositeprimarykeywillbeindexedbasedoncolumnsspecifiedintheprimarykey. ThiskeywillbereferredinForeignKeytables. Forexample-ifcombinedeffectofcolumns,"Employee_ID"and"EmployeeName"inatableisrequiredtouniquelyidentifiesarow,itscalledaCompositePrimaryKey.Inthiscase,boththecolumnswillberepresentedasprimarykey. ANSWER QUESTION 36
- 38. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com DefineSQLInsertStatement? 38 QUESTION SQLINSERTstatementisusedtoaddrowstoatable.Forafullrowinsert,SQLQueryshouldstartwith―insertinto―statementfollowedbytablenameandvaluescommand,followedbythevaluesthatneedtobeinsertedintothetable.Insertcanbeusedinseveralways: 1.Toinsertasinglecompleterow 2.Toinsertasinglepartialrow ANSWER QUESTION 37
- 39. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com DefineSQLUpdateStatement? 39 QUESTION SQLUpdateisusedtoupdatedatainaroworsetofrowsspecifiedinthefiltercondition. ThebasicformatofanSQLUPDATEstatementis,UpdatecommandfollowedbytabletobeupdatedandSETcommandfollowedbycolumnnamesandtheirnewvaluesfollowedbyfilterconditionthatdetermineswhichrowsshouldbeupdated. ANSWER QUESTION 38
- 40. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatarewildcardsusedindatabaseforPatternMatching? 40 QUESTION SQLLikeoperatorisuserforpatternmatching.SQL'Like'commandtakesmoretimetoprocess.Sobeforeusinglikeoperator,considersuggestionsgivenbelowonwhenandwheretousewildcardsearch. 1)Don'toverusewildcards.Ifanothersearchoperatorwilldo,useitinstead. 2)Whenyoudousewildcards,trynottousethematthebeginningofthesearchpattern,unlessabsolutelynecessary.Searchpatternsthatbeginwithwildcardsaretheslowesttoprocess. 3)Paycarefulattentiontotheplacementofthewildcardsymbols.Iftheyaremisplaced,youmightnotreturnthedatayouintended ANSWER QUESTION 39
- 41. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisCrossJoin? 41 QUESTION CrossJoinwillreturnallrecordswhereeachrowfromthefirsttableiscombinedwitheachrowfromthesecondtable. ANSWER QUESTION 40
- 42. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisaview? 42 QUESTION Viewsarevirtualtables.Unliketablesthatcontaindata,viewssimplycontainqueriesthatdynamicallyretrievedatawhenused. ANSWER QUESTION 41
- 43. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisamaterializedview? 43 QUESTION Materializedviewsisalsoaviewbutarediskbased.Materializedviewsgetupdatedonspecificduration,baseupontheintervalspecifiedinthequerydefinition.Wecanindexmaterializedview. ANSWER QUESTION 42
- 44. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofviewsinadatabase? 44 QUESTION Advantages: 1.Viewsdoesn'tstoredatainaphysicallocation. 2.Viewcanbeusetohidesomeofthecolumnsfromthetable 3.ViewscanprovideAccessRestriction,sincedatainsertion,updateanddeletionisnotpossibleontheview. Disadvantages: 1.Whenatableisdropped,associatedviewbecomeirrelevant. 2.Sinceviewarecreatedwhenaqueryrequestingdatafromviewistriggered,itsbitslow 3.Whenviewsarecreatedforlargetables,itoccupymorememory. ANSWER QUESTION 43
- 45. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhendoyouuseUPDATE_STATISTICScommand? 45 QUESTION Thiscommandisusedwhenalargeprocessingofdatahasoccurred.Ifanylargeamountofdeletions,anymodifications,orBulkCopyintothetableshasoccurred,ithastoupdatetheindexestotakethesechangesintoaccount.UPDATE_STATISTICSupdatestheindexesonthesetablesaccordingly. ANSWER QUESTION 44
- 46. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisanIDENTITYcolumnininsertstatements? 46 QUESTION IDENTITYcolumnisusedintablecolumnstomakethatcolumnasAutoincrementalnumberorasurrogatekey. ANSWER QUESTION 45
- 47. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com HowwillIretrieveallrecordsofemployment1thoseshouldnotbepresentnemployment2? 47 QUESTION (Select*fromemployment2)-(Select*fromemployment1). ANSWER QUESTION 46
- 48. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhichTCP/IPportdoesSQLServerrunon?Howcanitbechanged? 48 QUESTION SQLServerrunsonport1433.ItcanbechangedfromtheNetworkUtilityTCP/IPproperties. ANSWER QUESTION 47
- 49. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisSQLServerAgent? 49 QUESTION SQLServeragentplaysanimportantroleintheday-to-daytasksofadatabaseadministrator(DBA).ItspurposeistoeasetheimplementationoftasksfortheDBA,withitsfull-functionschedulingengine,whichallowsyoutoscheduleyourownjobsandscripts. ANSWER QUESTION 48
- 50. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhichcommandusingQueryAnalyzerwillgiveyoutheversionofSQLserverandoperatingsystem? 50 QUESTION SELECTSERVERPROPERTY('productversion'),SERVERPROPERTY('productlevel')andSERVERPROPERTY('edition') ANSWER QUESTION 49
- 51. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com HowtocreaterecursivequeryinSQLServer? 51 QUESTION RecursivequerycanbecreateinSQLusingstoredprocedurebutyoucanalsouseCTE(Commontableexpression).ItmightbealsoworthaskingaboutperformanceasCTEisnotalwaysveryfast. ANSWER QUESTION 51
- 52. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisaconstraint? 52 QUESTION Constraintcanbeusedtospecifythelimitonthedatatypeoftable.Constraintcanbespecifiedwhilecreatingoralteringthetablestatement.Sampleofconstraintare. •NOTNULL. •CHECK. •DEFAULT. •UNIQUE. •PRIMARYKEY. •FOREIGNKEY. ANSWER QUESTION 51
- 53. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisAutoIncrement? 53 QUESTION Autoincrementkeywordallowstheusertocreateauniquenumbertobegeneratedwhenanewrecordisinsertedintothetable.AUTOINCREMENTkeywordcanbeusedinOracleandIDENTITYkeywordcanbeusedinSQLSERVER. MostlythiskeywordcanbeusedwheneverPRIMARYKEYisused. ANSWER QUESTION 52
- 54. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisDatawarehouse? 54 QUESTION Datawarehouseisacentralrepositoryofdatafrommultiplesourcesofinformation.Thosedataareconsolidated, transformedandmadeavailablefortheminingandonlineprocessing.WarehousedatahaveasubsetofdatacalledDataMarts. ANSWER QUESTION 53
- 55. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisuserdefinedfunctions? 55 QUESTION Userdefinedfunctionsarethefunctionswrittentousethatlogicwheneverrequired.Itisnotnecessarytowritethesamelogicseveraltimes.Instead,functioncanbecalledorexecutedwheneverneeded. ANSWER QUESTION 54
- 56. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatarealltypesofuserdefinedfunctions? 56 QUESTION Threetypesofuserdefinedfunctionsare. a.ScalarFunctions. b.InlineTablevaluedfunctions. c.Multistatementvaluedfunctions. ANSWER QUESTION 55
- 57. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatarealldifferenttypesofcollationsensitivity? 57 QUESTION Followingaredifferenttypesofcollationsensitivity-. •CaseSensitivity–AandaandBandb. •AccentSensitivity. •KanaSensitivity–JapaneseKanacharacters. •WidthSensitivity–Singlebytecharacteranddoublebytecharacter. ANSWER QUESTION 56
- 58. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisOnlineTransactionProcessing(OLTP)? 58 QUESTION OnlineTransactionProcessingorOLTPmanagestransactionbasedapplicationswhichcanbeusedfordataentryandeasyretrievalprocessingofdata.Thisprocessingmakeslikeeasieronsimplicityandefficiency.Itisfaster, moreaccurateresultsandexpenseswithrespecttoOTLP. Example–BankTransactionsonadailybasis. ANSWER QUESTION 57
- 59. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisanALIAScommand? 59 QUESTION ALIASnamecanbegiventoatableorcolumn.ThisaliasnamecanbereferredinWHEREclausetoidentifythetableorcolumn. Example-. Selectst.StudentID,Ex.Resultfromstudentst,ExamasExwherest.studentID=Ex.StudentID Here,streferstoaliasnameforstudenttableandExreferstoaliasnameforexamtable. ANSWER QUESTION 58
- 60. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatareaggregateandscalarfunctions? 60 QUESTION Aggregatefunctionsareusedtoevaluatemathematicalcalculationandreturnsinglevalues.Thiscanbecalculatedfromthecolumnsinatable.Scalarfunctionsreturnasinglevaluebasedontheinputvalue. Example-. Aggregate–max(),count–Calculatedwithrespecttonumeric. Scalar–UCASE(),NOW()–Calculatedwithrespecttostrings. ANSWER QUESTION 59
- 61. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Howcanyoucreateanemptytablefromanexistingtable? 61 QUESTION Select*intostudentcopyfromstudentwhere1=2 Here,wearecopyingstudenttabletoanothertablewiththesamestructurewithnorowscopied. ANSWER QUESTION 60
- 62. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Howtofetchcommonrecordsfromtwotables? 62 QUESTION Commonrecordsresultsetcanbeachievedby-. SelectstudentIDfromstudent.<strong>INTERSECT</strong>SelectStudentIDfromExam ANSWER QUESTION 61
- 63. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Howtoselectuniquerecordsfromatable? 63 QUESTION SelectuniquerecordsfromatablebyusingDISTINCTkeyword. SelectDISTINCTStudentID,StudentNamefromStudent. ANSWER QUESTION 62
- 64. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatarethedifferentindexconfigurationsatablecanhave? 64 QUESTION Atablecanhaveoneofthefollowingindexconfigurations: 1.Noindexes 2.Aclusteredindex 3.Aclusteredindexandmanynonclusteredindexes 4.Anonclusteredindex 5.Manynonclusteredindexes ANSWER QUESTION 63
- 65. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatarethepropertiesanddifferentTypesofSub-Queries? 65 QUESTION PropertiesofSub-Query a.Asub-querymustbeenclosedintheparenthesis. b.Asub-querymustbeputintherighthandofthecomparisonoperator,and c.Asub-querycannotcontainanORDER-BYclause. d.Aquerycancontainmorethanonesub-query. TypesofSub-Query e.Single-rowsub-query,wherethesub-queryreturnsonlyonerow. f.Multiple-rowsub-query,wherethesub-queryreturnsmultiplerows,.and g.Multiplecolumnsub-query,wherethesub-queryreturnsmultiplecolumns ANSWER QUESTION 64
- 66. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisSQLProfiler? 66 QUESTION SQLProfilerisagraphicaltoolthatallowssystemadministratorstomonitoreventsinaninstanceofMicrosoftSQLServer.YoucancaptureandsavedataabouteacheventtoafileorSQLServertabletoanalyzelater.Forexample,youcanmonitoraproductionenvironmenttoseewhichstoredproceduresarehamperingperformancesbyexecutingtooslowly. UseSQLProfilertomonitoronlytheeventsinwhichyouareinterested.Iftracesarebecomingtoolarge,youcanfilterthembasedontheinformationyouwant,sothatonlyasubsetoftheeventdataiscollected.Monitoringtoomanyeventsaddsoverheadtotheserverandthemonitoringprocessandcancausethetracefileortracetabletogrowverylarge,especiallywhenthemonitoringprocesstakesplaceoveralongperiodoftime. ANSWER QUESTION 65
- 67. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhataretheauthenticationmodesinSQLServer?Howcanitbechanged? 67 QUESTION WindowsmodeandMixedMode-SQLandWindows.TochangeauthenticationmodeinSQLServerclickStart, Programs,MicrosoftSQLServerandclickSQLEnterpriseManagertorunSQLEnterpriseManagerfromtheMicrosoftSQLServerprogramgroup.SelecttheserverthenfromtheToolsmenuselectSQLServerConfigurationProperties,andchoosetheSecuritypage. ANSWER QUESTION 66
- 68. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Canastoredprocedurecallitselforrecursivestoredprocedure?HowmuchlevelSPnestingispossible? 68 QUESTION Yes.BecauseTransact-SQLsupportsrecursion,youcanwritestoredproceduresthatcallthemselves.Recursioncanbedefinedasamethodofproblemsolvingwhereinthesolutionisarrivedatbyrepetitivelyapplyingittosubsetsoftheproblem.Acommonapplicationofrecursivelogicistoperformnumericcomputationsthatlendthemselvestorepetitiveevaluationbythesameprocessingsteps.StoredproceduresarenestedwhenonestoredprocedurecallsanotherorexecutesmanagedcodebyreferencingaCLRroutine,type,oraggregate.Youcanneststoredproceduresandmanagedcodereferencesupto32levels. ANSWER QUESTION 67
- 69. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisLogShipping? 69 QUESTION LogshippingistheprocessofautomatingthebackupofdatabaseandtransactionlogfilesonaproductionSQLserver,andthenrestoringthemontoastandbyserver.EnterpriseEditionsonlysupportslogshipping.Inlogshippingthetransactionallogfilefromoneserverisautomaticallyupdatedintothebackupdatabaseontheotherserver.Ifoneserverfails,theotherserverwillhavethesamedbandcanbeusedthisastheDisasterRecoveryplan.Thekeyfeatureoflogshippingisthatitwillautomaticallybackuptransactionlogsthroughoutthedayandautomaticallyrestorethemonthestandbyserveratdefinedinterval. ANSWER QUESTION 68
- 70. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Name3waystogetanaccuratecountofthenumberofrecordsinatable? 70 QUESTION SELECT*FROMtable1 SELECTCOUNT(*)FROMtable1 SELECTrowsFROMsysindexesWHEREid=OBJECT_ID(table1)ANDindid<2 ANSWER QUESTION 69
- 71. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatdoesitmeantohaveQUOTED_IDENTIFIERON?WhataretheimplicationsofhavingitOFF? 71 QUESTION WhenSETQUOTED_IDENTIFIERisON,identifierscanbedelimitedbydoublequotationmarks,andliteralsmustbedelimitedbysinglequotationmarks.WhenSETQUOTED_IDENTIFIERisOFF,identifierscannotbequotedandmustfollowallTransact-SQLrulesforidentifiers. ANSWER QUESTION 70
- 72. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisthedifferencebetweenaLocalandaGlobaltemporarytable? 72 QUESTION 1.Alocaltemporarytableexistsonlyforthedurationofaconnectionor,ifdefinedinsideacompoundstatement,forthedurationofthecompoundstatement. 2.Aglobaltemporarytableremainsinthedatabasepermanently,buttherowsexistonlywithinagivenconnection. Whenconnectionisclosed,thedataintheglobaltemporarytabledisappears.However,thetabledefinitionremainswiththedatabaseforaccesswhendatabaseisopenednexttime. ANSWER QUESTION 71
- 73. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com HowGlobaltemporarytablesarerepresentedanditsscope? 73 QUESTION Globaltemporarytablesarerepresentedwith##beforethetablename.Scopewillbetheoutsidethesessionwhereaslocaltemporarytablesareinsidethesession.SessionIDcanbefoundusing@@SPID. ANSWER QUESTION 72
- 74. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatistheSTUFFfunctionandhowdoesitdifferfromtheREPLACEfunction? 74 QUESTION STUFFfunctionisusedtooverwriteexistingcharacters.Usingthissyntax,STUFF(string_expression,start,length, replacement_characters),string_expressionisthestringthatwillhavecharacterssubstituted,startisthestartingposition,lengthisthenumberofcharactersinthestringthataresubstituted,andreplacement_charactersarethenewcharactersinterjectedintothestring.REPLACEfunctiontoreplaceexistingcharactersofalloccurrences. UsingthesyntaxREPLACE(string_expression,search_string,replacement_string),whereeveryincidenceofsearch_stringfoundinthestring_expressionwillbereplacedwithreplacement_string. ANSWER QUESTION 73
- 75. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisCHECKConstraint? 75 QUESTION ACHECKconstraintisusedtolimitthevaluesthatcanbeplacedinacolumn.Thecheckconstraintsareusedtoenforcedomainintegrity. ANSWER QUESTION 74
- 76. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisthedifferencebetweenUNIONandUNIONALL? 76 QUESTION UNIONstatementismainlyusedtocombinethetablesincludingtheduplicaterowsandUNIONALLcombinebutdoesnotlookforduplicaterows.Withthis,UNIONALLwillbeveryfasterthanUNIONstatements. ANSWER QUESTION 75
- 77. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisNOTNULLConstraint? 77 QUESTION ANOTNULLconstraintenforcesthatthecolumnwillnotacceptnullvalues.Thenotnullconstraintsareusedtoenforcedomainintegrity,asthecheckconstraints. ANSWER QUESTION 76
- 78. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Howtoget@@ERRORand@@ROWCOUNTatthesametime? 78 QUESTION If@@RowcountischeckedafterErrorcheckingstatementthenitwillhave0asthevalueof@@Recordcountasitwouldhavebeenreset.Andif@@Recordcountischeckedbeforetheerror-checkingstatementthen@@Errorwouldgetreset.Toget@@errorand@@rowcountatthesametimedobothinsamestatementandstoretheminlocalvariable. SELECT@RC=@@ROWCOUNT,@ER=@@ERROR ANSWER QUESTION 77
- 79. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaScheduledJobsorWhatisaScheduledTasks? 79 QUESTION Scheduledtasksletuserautomateprocessesthatrunonregularorpredictablecycles.Usercanscheduleadministrativetasks,suchascubeprocessing,torunduringtimesofslowbusinessactivity.UsercanalsodeterminetheorderinwhichtasksrunbycreatingjobstepswithinaSQLServerAgentjob.E.g.backupdatabase,UpdateStatsofTables.Jobstepsgiveusercontroloverflowofexecution.Ifonejobfails,usercanconfigureSQLServerAgenttocontinuetoruntheremainingtasksortostopexecution. ANSWER QUESTION 78
- 80. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisatablecalled,ifithasneitherClusternorNon-clusterIndex?Whatisitusedfor? 80 QUESTION UnindexedtableorHeap.MicrosoftPressBooksandBookonLine(BOL)refersitasHeap.Aheapisatablethatdoesnothaveaclusteredindexand,therefore,thepagesarenotlinkedbypointers.TheIAMpagesaretheonlystructuresthatlinkthepagesinatabletogether.Unindexedtablesaregoodforfaststoringofdata.Manytimesitisbettertodropallindexesfromtableandthendobulkofinsertsandtorestorethoseindexesafterthat. ANSWER QUESTION 79
- 81. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com CanSQLServerslinkedtootherserverslikeOracle? 81 QUESTION SQLServercanbelinkedtoanyserverprovidedithasOLE-DBproviderfromMicrosofttoallowalink.E.g.OraclehasanOLE-DBproviderfororaclethatMicrosoftprovidestoadditaslinkedservertoSQLServergroup. ANSWER QUESTION 80
- 82. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisBCP?Whendoesitused? 82 QUESTION BulkCopyisatoolusedtocopyhugeamountofdatafromtablesandviews.BCPdoesnotcopythestructuressameassourcetodestination.BULKINSERTcommandhelpstoimportadatafileintoadatabasetableorviewinauser-specifiedformat. ANSWER QUESTION 81
- 83. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Howtoimplementone-to-one,one-to-manyandmany-to-manyrelationshipswhiledesigningtables? 83 QUESTION One-to-Onerelationshipcanbeimplementedasasingletableandrarelyastwotableswithprimaryandforeignkeyrelationships.One-to-Manyrelationshipsareimplementedbysplittingthedataintotwotableswithprimarykeyandforeignkeyrelationships.Many-to-Manyrelationshipsareimplementedusingajunctiontablewiththekeysfromboththetablesformingthecompositeprimarykeyofthejunctiontable. ANSWER QUESTION 82
- 84. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisanexecutionplan?Whenwouldyouuseit?Howwouldyouviewtheexecutionplan? 84 QUESTION AnexecutionplanisbasicallyaroadmapthatgraphicallyortextuallyshowsthedataretrievalmethodschosenbytheSQLServerqueryoptimizerforastoredprocedureorad-hocqueryandisaveryusefultoolforadevelopertounderstandtheperformancecharacteristicsofaqueryorstoredproceduresincetheplanistheonethatSQLServerwillplaceinitscacheandusetoexecutethestoredprocedureorquery.FromwithinQueryAnalyzerisanoptioncalled"ShowExecutionPlan"(locatedontheQuerydrop-downmenu).Ifthisoptionisturnedonitwilldisplayqueryexecutionplaninseparatewindowwhenqueryisranagain. ANSWER QUESTION 83
- 85. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatarethetwoauthenticationmodesinSQLServer? 85 QUESTION Therearetwoauthenticationmodes– •WindowsMode •MixedMode ModescanbechangedbyselectingthetoolsmenuofSQLServerconfigurationpropertiesandchoosesecuritypage. ANSWER QUESTION 84
- 86. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisCOALESCEinSQLServer? 86 QUESTION COALESCEisusedtoreturnfirstnon-nullexpressionwithinthearguments.Thisfunctionisusedtoreturnanon- nullfrommorethanonecolumninthearguments. Example– SelectCOALESCE(empno,empname,salary)fromemployee; ANSWER QUESTION 85
- 87. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com HowexceptionscanbehandledinSQLServerProgramming? 87 QUESTION ExceptionsarehandledusingTRY—-CATCHconstructsanditishandlesbywritingscriptsinsidetheTRYblockanderrorhandlingintheCATCHblock. ANSWER QUESTION 86
- 88. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisthepurposeofFLOORfunction? 88 QUESTION FLOORfunctionisusedtoroundupanon-integervaluetothepreviousleastinteger.ExampleisgivenFLOOR(6.7) Returns6. ANSWER QUESTION 87
- 89. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Canwechecklocksindatabase?Ifso,howcanwedothislockcheck? 89 QUESTION Yes,wecanchecklocksinthedatabase.Itcanbeachievedbyusingin-builtstoredprocedurecalledsp_lock. ANSWER QUESTION 88
- 90. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatistheuseofSIGNfunction? 90 QUESTION SIGNfunctionisusedtodeterminewhetherthenumberspecifiedisPositive,NegativeandZero.Thiswillreturn+1,-1or0. Example:SIGN(-35)returns-1 ANSWER QUESTION 89
- 91. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com HowistheSUBSTRkeywordusedinSQL? 91 QUESTION SUBSTRisusedforstringmanipulationwithcolumnname,firstpositionandstringlengthusedasarguments.E.g. SUBSTR(NAME,13)referstothefirstthreecharactersinthecolumnNAME. ANSWER QUESTION 90
- 92. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaNULLvalue?WhataretheprosandconsofusingNULLS? 92 QUESTION ANULLvaluetakesuponebyteofstorageandindicatesthatavalueisnotpresentasopposedtoaspaceorzerovalue.It'stheDB2equivalentofTBDonanorganizationalchartandoftencorrectlyportraysabusinesssituation. Unfortunately,itrequiresextracodingforanapplicationprogramtohandlethissituation. ANSWER QUESTION 91
- 93. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisasynonym?Howisitused? 93 QUESTION Asynonymisusedtoreferenceatableorviewbyanothername.Theothernamecanthenbewrittenintheapplicationcodepointingtotesttablesinthedevelopmentstageandtoproductionentitieswhenthecodeismigrated.ThesynonymislinkedtotheAUTHIDthatcreatedit. ANSWER QUESTION 92
- 94. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaCartesianproduct? 94 QUESTION ACartesianproductresultsfromafaultyquery.Itisarowintheresultsforeverycombinationinthejointables. ANSWER QUESTION 93
- 95. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisatuple? 95 QUESTION StaticSQLiscompiledandoptimizedpriortoitsexecution;dynamiciscompiledandoptimizedduringexecution. ANSWER QUESTION 94
- 96. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Whatisreferentialintegrity? 96 QUESTION Referentialintegrityreferstotheconsistencythatmustbemaintainedbetweenprimaryandforeignkeys,i.e.everyforeignkeyvaluemusthaveacorrespondingprimarykeyvalue. ANSWER QUESTION 95
- 97. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com What’sthemaximumsizeofarow? 97 QUESTION 8060bytes. ANSWER QUESTION 96
- 98. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com HowtochangeDatabasenameinSQLserver? 98 QUESTION Usethefollowingcode: SupportedinSQLserver2000and2005 Execsp_renamedb―test‖,―test1‖ SupportedinSQLServer2005andlaterversion ALTERDatabase―test1‖ModifyName=―test‖ ANSWER QUESTION 97
- 99. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisaCursor? 99 QUESTION AdatabaseCursorisacontrolwhichenablestraversalovertherowsorrecordsinthetable.Thiscanbeviewedasapointertoonerowinasetofrows.Cursorisverymuchusefulfortraversingsuchasretrieval,additionandremovalofdatabaserecords. ANSWER QUESTION 98
- 100. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatareMagicTablesinSQLServer? 100 QUESTION InsertandDeletetablesarecreatedwhenthetriggerisfiredforanyDMLcommand.ThosetablesarecalledMagicTablesinSQLServer.Thesemagictablesareusedinsidethetriggersfordatatransaction. ANSWER QUESTION 99
- 101. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com WhatisISNULL()operator? 101 QUESTION ISNULLfunctionisusedtocheckwhethervaluegivenisNULLornotNULLinsqlserver.ThisfunctionalsoprovidestoreplaceavaluewiththeNULL. ANSWER QUESTION 100
- 102. For the hottestSQL jobs, please visit www.hirist.com hirist .com Resources 102 http://www.itechaleart.com/2013/05/top-50-sql-question-answers_11.html https://www.katieandemil.com/sql-interview-questions-and- answers?tab=article#Question 4 http://www.dwbiconcepts.com/tutorial/24-interview-questions/190-top-20-sql- interview-questions-with-answers.html http://a4academics.com/interview-questions/53-database-and-sql/411-sql- interview-questions-and-answers-database http://narendra86.blogspot.com/2013/10/top-80-sql-query-interview- questions.html http://crackaninterview.com/sql-queries-interview-questions-answers/ http://career.guru99.com/top-50-sql-question-answers/ http://www.indiabix.com/technical/sql-server-common-questions/ http://career.guru99.com/top-50-sql-server-questions-answers/ http://www.ittestpapers.com/sql-interview-questions(25-50).html http://www.dotnetfunda.com/interviews/cat/8/sql-server http://www.careerride.com/SQLServer-Interview-Questions.aspx
- 103. www.hirist.com SQL TOP100 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS