Introduction to Scilab Use Scilab, not Matlab
Kannan M. Moudgalya IIT Bombay kannan@iitb.ac.in
Coordinator Training 10,000 Teacher Training Programme IIT Bombay June 2012
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Outline
Open Source Software History of Scilab Usage of Scilab Comparing other open source software systems
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FOSS: Free and Open Source Software
Commercial software is expensive Heavy penalties if unauthorised software is used by industry
Stories from Italy, HLL, WIPRO
Our SMEs dont use ANY software:
commercial software is expensive they are not aware of open source software
Makes small companies uncompetitive There is no alternative to open source software
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Scilab
A good substitute for Matlab About 95% compatibility
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What is Scilab?
Free and open source Easy to use Excellent computational environment:
LINPACK, EISPACK, LAPACK: same as Matlab Other software not available for Matlab: Dassl, ODEPACK, etc.
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Scilab is created for mathematicians
Matrices and vectors can be created easily - no typing, storage allocation, etc. Matrix-vector product, scalar-vector/matrix products are written without any fuss - like the mathematicians do Belongs to Matlab family - originally created by Prof. Cleve Moler, who had worked on Linpack and Eispack projects
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History of Scilab
Prof. Cleve Moler created Matlab through NSF funding As Government funded, source code had to be made available Many companies started using this idea
Matrixx CTRL-C Matlab Scilab
Used extensively for linear algebra, simulation, control system design Scilab - a recent story
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Scilab - other features
Can call programs written in Fortran, C Good graphics capability Large installed base A lot of algorithms implemented in interpreted language as well Free Check out www.scilab.org or www.scilab.in
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How reliable is Scilab?
CNES - Frances ISRO CNES Arianne rockets CNES relies on Scilab for many critical calculations: trajectory, ight dynamics, orbit
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CNES Talk
Use of Scilab for Space Mission Analysis and Flight Dynamics Activities by Thierry Martin Senior Manager, CNES
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Purchase of Matlab at IIT Bombay - A Story
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Usage of Scilab
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Simple Arithmetic - 1
4+6+12 ans = 22.
a = 4, b = 6; c = 12 a c = 4. = 12. a+b+c ans =
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Useful Commands
demos
Gives demos on several dierent things
apropos
Helps locate commands associated with a word
help functional invocation with no arguments
Helps draw plots
diary
Stores all commands and resulting outputs
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Simple Arithmetic & Display
a = 4; b = 6; c = 12; d = a+b+c d = 22.
d = a+b+c; d d = 22.
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Simple Arithmetic
x = sqrt(2)/2, y = asin(x) x = 0.7071068 = 0.7853982 y_deg = y * 180 /%pi y_deg 45. =
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Vector Operation - 2 I
-->a = 1:5, b = 1:2:9
a ! b !
= 1. = 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. ! 2. 3. 4. 5. !
-->c = [b a]
c = ! 1.
3.
5.
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9.
1.
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2.
3.
Use Scilab, not Matlab
Vector Operation - 2 II
-->d = [b(1:2:5) 1 0 1]
d !
= 1.
5.
9.
1.
0.
1. !
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Vector Operation - 3 I
-->a, b
a ! b !
= 1. = 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. ! 2. 3. 4. 5. !
-->a - 2
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Vector Operation - 3 II
ans = ! - 1. -->2*a-b
0.
1.
2.
3. !
ans !
= 1.
1.
1.
1.
1. !
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Logical Operators
== < > <= >= <> or =
equal to less than greater than less than or equal to greater than or equal to not equal to
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Vector Operations Using Logical Operators I
-->A = 1:9, B = 9-A
A ! B !
= 1. = 8. 2. 7. 3. 6. 4. 5. 5. 4. 6. 3. 7. 2.
-->tf = A==B
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Vector Operations Using Logical Operators II
tf = ! F F F F F F F F F ! -->tf = A>B
tf = ! F F F F T T T T T !
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Transpose I
-->c = [1;2;3]
c ! ! !
= 1. ! 2. ! 3. !
-->a=1:3
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Transpose II
a ! = 1. 2. 3. !
-->b = a
b ! ! !
= 1. ! 2. ! 3. !
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Submatrix I
-->A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]
A ! ! !
= 1. 4. 7. 2. 5. 8. 3. ! 6. ! 9. !
-->A(3,3)=0
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Submatrix II
A ! ! !
= 1. 4. 7. 2. 5. 8. 3. ! 6. ! 0. !
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Submatrix I
A
A ! ! !
= 1. 4. 7. 2. 5. 8. 3. ! 6. ! 0. !
-->B=A(3:-1:1,1:3)
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Submatrix II
B ! ! !
= 7. 4. 1. 8. 5. 2. 0. ! 6. ! 3. !
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Submatrix
-->A A ! ! ! = 1. 1. 7. 2. 4. 8. 3. ! 7. ! 0. !
-->B=A(:,2) B ! ! ! = 2. ! 4. ! 8. !
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Submatrix I
-->b=[5 -3;2 -4]
b ! !
= 5. 2.
- 3. ! - 4. !
-->x=abs(b)>2
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Submatrix II
x = ! T T ! ! F T ! -->y=b(abs(b)>2)
= ! 5. ! ! - 3. ! ! - 4. !
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Special Matrices I
-->zeros(3,3)
ans ! ! !
= 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. ! 0. ! 0. !
-->ones(2,4)
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Special Matrices II
ans = ! 1. ! 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. ! 1. !
-->rand(2,1)
ans = ! 0.2113249 ! ! 0.7560439 !
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Go for Vector Computation
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Go for Vector Computation I
-->a = ones(10000,1); -->timer()
ans
= 0.02
-->for i = 1:10000, b(i)=a(i)+a(i); end -->timer()
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Go for Vector Computation II
ans = 0.31
-->c = a+a; -->timer()
ans
= 0.03
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Plots
Go through the
Demos!
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Comparing Matlab and Scilab
Capability comparison - a correct question? Is Matlab required for class students? Matlab and versions Mathworks: 2,000 employees Scilab: 23 full time employees
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Hardware Interfacing through FOSS
Scilab
Xcos, HART, COMEDI
GNURadio
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Scilab for Hardware Interfacing
COMEDI has device drivers for 150 A/D and Digital I/O cards We can call ALL of them from Scilab
Using Xcos ( Simulink), HART
Devices not in COMEDI, but with C drivers Devices without device drivers
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GNURadio for Hardware Interfacing
Open source software Uses C++ and Python Can call OpenCV Has graphic front end
Has sliders, etc. - allows change of parameters in real time
Calling Scilab functions from GNURadio Calling Xcos functions from GNURadio
LabView does not allow Simulink calls!
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Control of Single Board Heater System through Scilab and GNURadio
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Replacement for ORCAD?
KiCAD + NGSpice + ... a replacement for ORCAD?
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SAGE - a Replacement for Mathematica
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OpenFoam - a Replacement for Fluent
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Other Projects
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Lab migration project: Matlab to Scilab
Help code lab assignments into Scilab Examples:
IIT Bombay Delhi University SASTRA University Anna University The list is growing
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Problems with open source software
Good documents are missing Lack of support Wrong impression about the quality
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Textbook Companion Project
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Textbook Companion Project
Creation of documents is dicult Code creation is easier Create code for existing documents
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Textbook Companion Project
Choose any standard textbook Code worked out examples into Scilab Get the correctness certied by the subject expert Get honorarium - Rs. 10,000 Summer internship to create textbook companion See the web page
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Internship project during summer of 2010
Fluid mechanics by Fox and McDonald NIT Trichy, 4th year B.E. student Control system design by Smarajit Ghosh - NIT Srinagar, 4th year B.E. student Engg. mathematics by Kreyszig - BIT Ranchi, 2nd year B.E. student Three more created by IIT Bombay students
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Textbook companions created by College Professors
Prof. Raajan, SASTRA University
Digital image processing by Gonsalves
Prof. Senthilkumar, IRTT, Erode
Signals and Systems by Oppenheim, Willsky and Young DSP by Proakis and Manolakis Optical communication by Keiser Electromagnetics - in pipeline
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List of books for companion project
Completed books - 100 Books in progress - 50 Expect many summer interns to do this See the web page
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Availability
Every textbook companion is available as a pdf le Can be downloaded free of cost from scilab.in Can be printed as a book as well samples will be shown to you Need the original textbook to understand No copyright violation
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Spoken Tutorials
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Spoken Tutorials
It is an instructional methodology Based on IT Available also in local languages Available free of cost - thanks to MHRD funding Will help bridge digital divide Make our country IT literate Make our children employable
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Demo of creating a spoken tutorial
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What is a Spoken Tutorial?
It is a recording of a computer session, along with a running commentary It is an audio-video tutorial It is typically ten minutes long Suitable for self learning
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Target Audience
A remote child, working alone, at midnight, without anyone to help her
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Steps in creating spoken tutorials
Outline for a software by an expert Script for a tutorial by an expert Novice check Recording Verication and acceptance Translation of spoken part into other languages Dubbing the voice
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Dubbing into Our Languages
Dub only audio Video remains the same If original spoken tutorial is made properly, dubbing is easy
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Benets of dubbing
Useful for students weak in English
esp. school students in vernacular medium
Can provide high technology solutions to even minority population groups
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Sample Tutorials in Our Languages
Assamese (dubbing) Bengali (Sci) Indian English (PHP) Hindi (Linux) Khasi (CS) Malayalam (dubbing) Mythili (CS) Rajasthani (CS) Sindhi (CS) Telugu (Sci) Bodo (geo) Bhojpuri (dubbing) Gujarati (Xg) Kannada (CS) Konkani (CS) Marathi (Sci) Oriya (dubbing) A Sanskrit (LTEX) A Tamil (LTEX) Urdu (Sci)
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Conclusion
Open source eorts are not only idealistic, but make economic and commercial sense as well It has a potential to empower ALL Indian children to collaborate and make us a developed nation IIT Bombay is working on several open source projects We invite you to join us
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Funding for our work
Funded by National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
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Thanks
kannan@iitb.ac.in http://spoken-tutorial.org /What is a spoken tutorial
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