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Cellular Technology 1 1st Generation Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS, 1980s)

The document summarizes key aspects of different generations of cellular technology: 1) First generation (AMPS) used analog signals, fixed channels and a hardware ID module to identify devices. Call establishment involved several steps managed by the Mobile Telephone Switching Office. 2) Second generation introduced digital voice/data and channel sharing using TDMA (GSM) or CDMA (IS-95). GSM uses a SIM card while CDMA provides frequency diversity but requires accurate power control. 3) Third generation is dominated by CDMA2000 and W-CDMA, supporting high data rates through technologies like EVDO and HSDPA.

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56 views3 pages

Cellular Technology 1 1st Generation Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS, 1980s)

The document summarizes key aspects of different generations of cellular technology: 1) First generation (AMPS) used analog signals, fixed channels and a hardware ID module to identify devices. Call establishment involved several steps managed by the Mobile Telephone Switching Office. 2) Second generation introduced digital voice/data and channel sharing using TDMA (GSM) or CDMA (IS-95). GSM uses a SIM card while CDMA provides frequency diversity but requires accurate power control. 3) Third generation is dominated by CDMA2000 and W-CDMA, supporting high data rates through technologies like EVDO and HSDPA.

Uploaded by

Sandesh Chhallare
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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College of Computer Science Northeastern University Wireless Networks CS G250

Lecture 9 October 8 2008 Lecturer: R. Sundaram

Cellular Technology 1 1st Generation Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS, 1980s)

In rst generation cellular techonolgy, the system was fully analog, and is not in use today. The features were: 12.5MHz uplink 12.5MHz downlink 416 channels, of 30Hz each Control and trac channels Every device has a hardware Numeric Assignment Module (NAM) used to identify the device. The Mobile Telephone Switching Oce (MTSO) maintains a blacklist of NAMs. Devices in the blacklist may not communicate in the network. Call placement occurs in the following steps (taken from [Stallings,283]): 1. Sender keys in telephone number and presses the send key 2. The MTSO checks the number and the status of the subscriber 3. The MTSO sends the channels the subscriber may use for this call 4. The MTSO sends a ring signal to the called party 5. When the called party answers, the MTSO establishes a circuit. 6. When one party hangs up, the circuit is freed.

2nd Generation

For the second generation, data and digitized voice appeared in the system. The mobile handset samples the voice signal and sends digital data through the air. Also, channels may be shared. Two main competing technologies appeared: GSM, which uses TDMA and slow frequency hopping, and IS-95 which uses CDMA.

2.1

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

Developed in Europe, it was designed to provide a common interface for handsets. The textbook by Stallings shows the GSM architecture at page 291. One notable dierence with other technologies is the use of a Suscriber Identication Module (SIM) card to separate the device from the information associated with the subscriber. Some of its features features are: Control and Trac Channels Complex Hierarchy of TDMA frames Does slow frequency hopping for diversity Does delay equalization (base-station controlled) In the U.S. the main carriers that use it are AT&T and T-mobile

2.2

CDMA (IS-95)

Main advantages over GSM are: Fast Frequency hopping to provide frequency diversity Resitant to Multipath eects Graceful degradation Disadvantages: Self jamming Needs very accurate power control: handsets very near the base station can drown out the one far from it

Soft handos (when changing cells, the new cell must be acquired before giving up the old one) is more complicated than handos in other schemes The technique used to avoid the multipath eects (correlating delayed input to a predened training sequence) makes equipment pricey

2.3

Third Generation

CDMA is the main technique used in Third-generation systems. The dierent implementations are: CDMA 1. CDMA2000 2. W-CDMA 3. TD-CDMA TDMA: TDD FDMA: DECT+ From these, CDMA2000 (also known as IS-856) supports data transfers through what is called 1x EVDO (same chipping rate, EVolution, DataOnly) and HSDPA. It supports 3Mbps and 1Mbps data rates.

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