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Relay Ladder Logic Basics

Relay ladder logic is a type of control system used for relatively simple ON/OFF automation systems like pneumatics. It uses relays and ladder diagrams to represent sequences of operations. A basic "one shot" circuit is described that uses a momentary push button to activate a solenoid valve to extend and retract a cylinder once before resetting. The circuit works by energizing a control relay when the button is pressed, which then holds the solenoid on even after the button is released until the cylinder limit switch is activated to cut power.

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Shesharam Chouhan
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507 views3 pages

Relay Ladder Logic Basics

Relay ladder logic is a type of control system used for relatively simple ON/OFF automation systems like pneumatics. It uses relays and ladder diagrams to represent sequences of operations. A basic "one shot" circuit is described that uses a momentary push button to activate a solenoid valve to extend and retract a cylinder once before resetting. The circuit works by energizing a control relay when the button is pressed, which then holds the solenoid on even after the button is released until the cylinder limit switch is activated to cut power.

Uploaded by

Shesharam Chouhan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relay Ladder Logic

39.1

Relay Ladder Logic Control


Logic

Normally Open Schematics


y p ( )

control is used with relatively simple ON/OFF systems - like pneumatics


120 VAC PB-1 LS-1 Sol. A CR-1A LS-1 CR-1

Limit Switch

Momentary Contact Pushbutton

Pressure Switch

CR-1B

SOL-A

Pneumatic System

Relay Ladder Logic (RLL) Control

Manual Switch

Contacts

Normally Closed Schematics

Output Schematics

Limit Switch

Momentary Contact Pushbutton

Pressure Switch

Solenoid Coil

Control Relay Coil

Manual Switch

Contacts

Lamp

Annunciator (Horn)

Control Relay - Not Activated


NC contact Common NO contact no current through coil "control relay" not activated

Control Relay - Activated


NC contact Common NO contact current flowing in coil "control relay" activated

Current can flow thru NC and Common

No current can flow thru NC and Common

Vpower

No current can flow thru NO and Common

Current can flow thru NO and Common

Vpower Current thru CR

No current thru CR

Relay Ladder Logic

39.2

Why is it called Logic Control?


IF (PB-1 is pressed) AND (LS-2 is activated) THEN (SOL-2 will be turned on)
PB-1 LS-2 SOL-2

OR Example
IF (PB-1 is NOT pressed) OR (LS-1 is activated) THEN (CR-6 will be turned on)
PB-1 CR-6

IF there is continuity across the inputs

THEN current will flow through the output

LS-1

One Shot - Single Stroke


Pressing

One Shot - Step #1


Pressing

the pushbutton PB-1 will cause PBthe cylinder to extend and retract one time
120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

the momentary contact pushbutton PB-1 energizes the control relay CR-1 PBCR120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

CR-1B

SOL-A

CR-1B

SOL-A

Pneumatic System

Ladder Logic Control

One Shot - Step #2


After

One Shot - Step #3


Control

control relay CR-1 energizes, normally CRopen contacts CR-1A and CR-1B activate CRCR120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

relay CR-1 is now energized by a 2nd CRpath, solenoid SOL-A also activates SOL120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

CR-1B

SOL-A

CR-1B

SOL-A

Relay Ladder Logic

39.3

One Shot - Step #4


PB-1 PB-

One Shot - Step #5


Solenoid

is released, but control relay CR-1 is still CRenergized by the 2nd path (hold circuit)
120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

A shifts the valve spool to the right, and the cylinder begins to extend
120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

CR-1B

SOL-A

CR-1B

SOL-A

One Shot - Step #6


Cylinder

One Shot - Step #7


With

activates the normally closed limit switch LS-1, which kills the hold circuit for LScontrol relay CR-1 CR120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1

control relay CR-1 de-activated, the CR- decontacts CR-1A and CR-1B return to their CRCRnormally open state 120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

CR-1B

SOL-A

CR-1B

SOL-A

Solenoid SOL-A is no longer energized

One Shot - Step #8


CR-1B CR-

One Shot - Step #9


Cylinder

is now open, SOL-A is de-activated, SOLdespring returns valve to default state


120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

begins to retract, and rolls off of LS-1, which returns to its N.C. state LS120 VAC PB-1 CR-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

Sol. A

LS-1

CR-1A

LS-1

CR-1B

SOL-A

CR-1B

SOL-A

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