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ABC Model of Flower Development

The document summarizes the ABC model of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. It describes that flowers have four whorls with different organ types defined by combinations of ABC gene activity: sepals in whorl 1, petals in whorl 2, stamens in whorl 3, and carpels in whorl 4. Mutations in these ABC genes result in homeotic transformations that support the model, with A genes specifying sepals, A and B genes specifying petals, B and C genes specifying stamens, and C genes specifying carpels.

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1K views10 pages

ABC Model of Flower Development

The document summarizes the ABC model of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. It describes that flowers have four whorls with different organ types defined by combinations of ABC gene activity: sepals in whorl 1, petals in whorl 2, stamens in whorl 3, and carpels in whorl 4. Mutations in these ABC genes result in homeotic transformations that support the model, with A genes specifying sepals, A and B genes specifying petals, B and C genes specifying stamens, and C genes specifying carpels.

Uploaded by

purinaresh85
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4 floral organs

Arabidopsis Flower
Carpels

Stamen

Petals

Ovule

Sepals Placenta

Sepals Petals

Stamen

Carpels

Whorl structure in flowers


1. Whorl 1: Sepals, 2. Whorl 2: Petals 3. Whorl 3: Stamen (male reproductive organs) 4. Whorl 4: Carpels (female reproductive organs)

Differences in gene expression in these whorls must give rise to the different organs that make up the flower.

The ABC model


whorl 1 whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4 whorl 4 whorl 3 whorl 2 whorl 1

Sepal

Petal Stamen Carpel Carpel Stamen Petal

Sepal

AB

BC

BC

AB

B A C

B A

The ABC genes of Arabidopsis


Class A genes APETALA 1 (AP1), APETALA 2 (AP2)

Class B genes

APETALA 3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI)

Class C genes

AGAMOUS (AG)

All ABC genes except AP2 encode MADS-box transcription factors.

whorl 1
Sepal

whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4 whorl 4 whorl 3 whorl 2 whorl 1


Petal Stamen Carpel Carpel Stamen Petal Sepal

APETALA 3 PISTILLATA APETALA 1 APETALA 2 AGAMOUS

APETALA 3 PISTILLATA APETALA 1 APETALA 2

Concepts of ABC model


whorl 1 Sepal A whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4 whorl 4 whorl 3 whorl 2 Petal AB Stamen Carpel Carpel Stamen Petal BC C C BC BA whorl 1 Sepal A

WT

B A
Class A mutant
whorl 1 Carpel C BC BC

B C A
whorl 1 Carpel C

whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4 whorl 4 whorl 3 whorl 2 Stamen Stamen Carpel Carpel Stamen Stamen C C BC BC

ap2

C S

B C
Class B mutant
whorl 1 Sepal A

B
whorl 1 Sepal A

whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4 whorl 4 whorl 3 whorl 2 Sepal A Carpel Carpel Carpel Carpel C C C C Sepal A

ap3

C S

A
Class C mutant
whorl 1 Sepal A Petal AB Petal AB

C
whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4 whorl 4 whorl 3 whorl 2 Sepal Sepal Petal AB Petal AB

A
whorl 1 Sepal A

agamous

B A

Antagonistic
A function and C function genes are mutually exclusive:When A function is missing, C function will expand to all whorls When C function is missing, A function will expand to all whorls

B A C

definition: Cadastral map: shows boundaries and ownership of land A + C function: 1. role in organ identity 2. Cadastral role

Double and triple mutant predictions


Example 1 ap2 ap3 or ap2 pi - loss of A and B function. Prediction: whorl 1 whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4

C
carpels are found in all four whorls as predicted

(ap2 ap3)

(ap2 pi)

Double and triple mutant predictions


Example 2 ag ap3 or ag pi - loss of B and C function. Prediction: whorl 1 whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4

A
sepals are found in all four whorls as predicted

(ap2 ap3) (ag pi)

(ap2 pi)

Double and triple mutant predictions


Example 3 ap2 ag - loss of A and C function. Prediction: whorl 1 whorl 2 whorl 3 whorl 4

B
In WT flower this distribution of homeotic products alone does not occur in any whorl. cell fate decision is dependent on ap2 and ag.
B A C

Se

Pe

St

Ca

ap2 ag (ap2 pi)

Prediction W2 and W3 organs undecided- show characteristics of petal and stamen

ABC triple mutant


ap2 ag- whorls with no floral homeotic gene activity produce a non floral type organ ie leaf-like. Therefore, the floral organ developmental ground state is .................

(ap2 pi ag)
In 1790, Goethe suggested that the floral organs are simply refined forms of leaves, which have been transformed by the action of a 'purifying sap'.

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