Physical Science Unit 3 Chemistry
Guided Notes
Please complete ALL of the Unit 3 lessons in the online school (OLS) by mastering
each lesson, filling out the guided notes below, and marking the lesson complete.
Lesson 1 Chemical Bonding
Are the properties of the bonded compound salt the same or different than the sodium and chlorine
individually? __________________
In the outer shell of MOST elements, how many electrons are needed for it to be considered stable?
__________
Valence Electrons definition:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Ionic Bond Definition:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
For this bond to form, what needs to be transferred?
___________________________________________________________
Covalent Bond Definition:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What does a covalent bond form?
___________________________________________________________
What do the dots symbolize?
________________________________________________________________________________
Covalent bonds have been formed between the atoms below. Circle the electrons in the atoms before
the bond and then circle the shared electrons in the bonded molecule. Also, note that for each atom
after it has bonded with the other atom(s), the outer shell now becomes full.
Lesson 2 Chemical Reactions
The process of breaking and forming bonds occurs in a chemical reaction.
Define reactants:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define products:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Do reactants and products have the same properties? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define exothermic reaction and give an example:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
If a chemical reaction occurs in a flask and the flask becomes warm, was the reaction exothermic? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define endothermic reaction:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
If a chemical reaction occurs in a flask and that flask becomes colder, was the reaction in the flask
endothermic or exothermic? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define combustion reaction and give an example.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define decomposition reaction and give an example:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define Precipitate:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A chemical reaction can result in the formation of or change of:
1
2
3
4
A chemical has NOT occurred when you:
1
2
Lesson 3 Chemical Formulas
The combination of symbols and numbers tells
_____________________________________________________________________________________
C3H8O has ___ carbon atoms, ____ hydrogen and ____ oxygen atoms
Glucose has a chemical formula of C6H12O6. How many of each type of atom does it have?
Define Ionic Compound:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
(slide 5) How would you write the chemical formula for lithium oxide?
Define covalent compound:
(slide 6) Write the chemical formula for dinitrogen trioxide using a similar method.
(slide 7) Based on the structural formula, what is the chemical formula for butanol?
(slide 7) Based on the structural formula of glucose, what is the chemical formula?
The " " in a chemical equation is similar to an _________________________sign.
Define polymer:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 5 Rates of Chemical Reactions
In a chemical reaction.
What does the aq mean?
What does the s mean?
What does the l mean?
What does the g mean?
Define reaction rate:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Give an example of how you can figure out the reaction rate:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Regarding rate, the steeper the straight line, the _______________________________ the reaction
rate. When a graph shows a curve, you know that the rate of the reaction is not
_______________________________.
List 4 factors that determine reaction rate:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define catalyst and explain how it works:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define equilibrium:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 6 Chemical Equations
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that the mass of the substances did ______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
List the 4 steps to balancing an equation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
In the space below, practice balancing equations by balancing Fe2O3 + Al Fe + Al2O3.
Check your answer in the OLS.
Lesson 9 Mixtures
When elements combine to form a ______________________, their unique properties
______________________________________
Define element and compound:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A mixture has 3 main properties that make it different than a compound:
1
3
Unlike the elements in a compound, the components of a mixture do not have ___________________
_______________________.
Circle one: The components of a mixture can
or
cant
be separated physically.
Define a heterogeneous mixture and give an example.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define a homogeneous mixture and give an example.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define solution:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 10 Separating Mixtures
List and describe the ways a mixture could be separated.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define distillation
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define chromatography
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 11 Solutions
Define a substance and give an example.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A solution has at least ___________ components
Define solvent:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define solute:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define saturated:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define solubility:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 14 Acids and Bases
Define acid and list its characteristic:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Define base and give its charastic:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The chemical symbol of an acid usually has __ written first
Give an example of an acid:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The chemical formulas of most bases contain ___
Give an example of a base:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
How does a base feel?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is the pH scale?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is the pH of a neutral? ________________
What is the pH of battery acid? ________________
What is the pH of lye? ________________
