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General Science Let 08

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GENERAL EDUCATIO N (20%

Natural Sciences)
Content Update: Basic concepts and Principles

Introduction:Sc ience is, indeed, one of the most important subject areas in

todays curricu lum. Much emphasis have been to this field of study. Life has been increasinglyinfl

uenced by science and technology in our pursuit of a more comfortable lifestyle. Techn

ology is the application of the scientific theories and laws. The inventions intelecommuni

cation and transportation have drawn the world smaller and smaller. Withthe advent of information

can be relayed to other parts of the word in just a matter of seconds. The recent breakthroughs

in genetic mapping have made it possible toidentity the useful and bad genes that will

result to the breeding of a better specie.All these have made life more convenient

than ever. However, these technologymay also pose hazard to mankind if not used properly.

The mobile phones couldsabotage the economy of a particular country. The ever-increasing

number of vehicleshas been badly changing our climatic condition.Scien ce can be a

vehicle to inculcate values on the proper use of technologythat bring both advantages and

disadvantages. The natural sciences review shall focus on the following objectives:1.U

tilize scientific knowledge in the preservation of human life

andconservatio n of the earths resources

relate scientific theories of actual

happenings and natural and maninducedcalamit ies

utilized biological

knowledge and theories in the improvement of the quality of life and

apply knowledge and

theories of physical sciences in the improvement of life2.Apply scientific knowledge

and principles for the improvement of humanresourc es and socio-

economic development3. Identify problems and suggest solutions related to

personal andcommunity health I.What is Science? It presents a systematized

body of knowledge, structured but not rigid. Thecontents or facts of this knowledge are

gathered through keen observation andrelentless experimentatio n whereby the ideas

generated are also products of further investigations.S cience is not only a mere body of

knowledge. It is a search for answers toquestions, or of solutions to problems, using the

process skills of observing,infer ring, experimenting, and the like.a.Natural

Science is a wide field of study compressing biological and physicalscienc esb.Biological

Sciences deals with life and has many branches. The two generalbranche s are botany

(the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals).c.Phy sical Sciences any of the

natural sciences dealing with inanimate matter orwith energy as physics,

chemistry, and astronomy collectively.Ge nerated knowledge or information through

scientific study about livingand nonliving things and the process skills of science are

used as tools orvehicles for addressing the needs and concerns of society.

II.What is Technology? An applied science. It can be an invention, a gadget, a process or just

an improved procedure. Tec hnology as a product may be a gadget, tool, device, piece of equipment,

machine or instrument. Or may be a consumer item, such as seedlessgrapes, powered mild

biodegradable soap and Styrofoam. The process of reproducing whole plants from its issue

or plant tissue culture isan example of this kind of technology, so is skin grafting.

St. Louis Review Center, Inc-Davao Tel. no. (082) 2242515 or 222-8732
1

Powder technology involves the

making of dry materials with particle diametersof 100 micrometers (mm) or

less.Powders are converted from bulk solids using mechanical processes whichsubject

the mumps too contact forces. The lumps break up into very much smallerparticle s, the size of

which depends not only on the forces applied but also on thenature of the material.
III.

Basic Goals of Science Education: The teaching of science at all levels (from elementary to

secondaryto tertiary level) is carried on for three basic reasons:a)to prepare scholars in the

discipline ( pure scientists)b)to provide individuals with a background

in science of technological orprofessional occupations ( applied scientists)c)to provide

individuals with a background science as part of their generaleducati on of effective

citizenship ( the ordinary citizen)More specifically, the basic goal is to produce a populace

withbasic understanding of the principles of science, the ability to utilize he

technologyavai lable and an interest in and appreciation for science. ( THE DEVELOPME

NT OF ASCIENTIFIC ALLY LITERATE CITIZENRY ). The identified

constructs of Scientific and technological Literacy (STL) belowwere based on studies made

by science educators and researchers using the followingbehav ior indicators:

A.

Nature of Science and Technology - a teacher demonstrates anunderstandin g of the nature

of science and technology when he/she:

-

exhibits knowledge of background on

the history and development, thephilosophy, and the sociology of science and technology

appreciates the empirical nature and objectivity of science and technology

-

recognizes the works of scientists and the nature of the scientificenter priseThe

dimensions of the nature of science, based on the interdependentr elationship of process and

products are:1 ) S c i e n c e proceeds as a series of approximati ons2 ) S c i e

nce is tentative 3)Scientific knowledge is capable of public empirical

test4)Scienc e proceeds on the assumption that time, space and matter

arereal and that nature is consistent5 ) E very effect has a cause that can be q u a l i f i e d 6)

There is no single method of science but many different possible

waysof conducting investigations.

B.

Concepts and Principles o

Science and Technology A teacherdemon strates knowledge of the basic

concepts, principles of science andtechnology when he/she:

-

defines an presents facts, basic concepts, principle and laws in sciencesand technology

applies science and technology concepts, principles and theories in reallife situations;

i.e, in solving everyday problems and making decisions

-

shows familiarity with the basic precepts of science and technology

-

communicates effectively the scientific knowledge to bridge the gapbetween the scientific

knowledge to bridge the gap between the scientificcomm unity and the lay public. The seven

conceptual schemes are:1)All matter is composed of units called fundamental

particles2)M atter can be classified in hierarchies or organization al

levels.3)The behavior of matter in the universe can be described on a statisticalbasi

s.4 ) U n i t s of matter interact

St. Louis Review Center, Inc-Davao Tel. no. (082) 2242515 or 222-8732
2
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