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Inference for Proportion Guide

This document discusses statistical inference for proportions from single and multiple populations. It covers key concepts such as: 1) How to calculate sample and population proportions, their means, standard deviations, and standard errors. 2) The assumptions that must be met to conduct hypothesis tests and construct confidence intervals for one or two proportions. 3) How to calculate test statistics and construct confidence intervals for comparing a single proportion to a value or comparing two proportions.

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232 views3 pages

Inference for Proportion Guide

This document discusses statistical inference for proportions from single and multiple populations. It covers key concepts such as: 1) How to calculate sample and population proportions, their means, standard deviations, and standard errors. 2) The assumptions that must be met to conduct hypothesis tests and construct confidence intervals for one or two proportions. 3) How to calculate test statistics and construct confidence intervals for comparing a single proportion to a value or comparing two proportions.

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1012219
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 12: Inference for Proportion

12.1 Inference for a Population Proportion (pp. 684-698)


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

1. In statistics, what is meant by a sample proportion? The statistic that estimates


countof successesinthesample
p
countof observationsinthesample
the parameter p is the sample proportion
2. Give the mean and standard deviation for the sampling distribution of p ?
p (1 p )
n
The mean is p and the standard deviation is
3. How do you calculate the standard error of p ? The standard error of p is
p (1 p )
n
4. What assumptions must be met in order to use z procedures for inference about a
proportion?
SRS
n 10% of population
For a hypothesis test of H0 : p = p0, the sample size n is so large that
both np0 10 and n(1 - p0) 10
For a confidence interval, the sample size n is so large that
10 and n(1 p ) 10
both np
5. Describe how to construct a level C confidence interval for a population
proportion. Draw a SRS of size n from a large population with unknown proportion
p of successes. An approximate level C confidence interval for p is
p (1 p )
1C
p z
n
where z* is the upper 2 standard normal critical value.
6. For a one-sample hypothesis test where H 0 : p p0 , what is the z test statistic?
p p0
z
p0 (1 p0 )
n
7. What formula is used to determine the sample size necessary for a given margin
of error?
p *(1 p*)
( z*) 2 p *(1 p*)
m z
n
n
m2
Solving the formula
for n, yields
, where p*

p
is a guessed value for the sample proportion
and z* is the standard normal critical
point for the level of confidence you want. If you use p* = 0.5 in this formula, the

margin of error of the interval will be less than or equal to m no matter what the value
of p is.
12.2 Comparing Two Proportions (pp. 702-719)
1.


1. Give the mean and standard deviation for the sampling model of p1 p2 .

p1 p 2 p1 p2

The mean of p1 p2 is p1 p 2
The standard deviation is

2.

3.

4.

p1 p 2 p21 p2 2

p1 (1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 )

n1
n2


2. How do you calculate the standard error of p1 p2 ?
p (1 p1 ) p 2 (1 p 2 )
SE 1

n1
n2
3. What assumptions must be met in order to use z procedures for inference about
two proportions?
You need a SRS of size n1 from a population having proportion p1 of successes and an
independent SRS of size n2 from a population having proportion p2 of successes.
The population must be at least 10 times as large as the sample and
n1 p1 ,n1 (1 p1 ),n2 p 2 ,and n2 (1 p 2 )areall
4. Describe how to construct a level C confidence interval for the difference
between two proportions, p1 p2 . An approximate level C confidence interval for
p1 p2 is

SE

( p1 p 2 ) z * SE where
standard normal critical value.
5.

p1 (1 p1 ) p 2 (1 p 2 )

n1
n2

1C
and z* is the upper 2

5. For a two-sample hypothesis test where H 0 : p1 p2 , what is the z test statistic?


What are the conditions for using this statistic?

The zstatisticisz

p1 p 2
1 1

n1 n2

p (1 p )

Conditions: SRS
n 10% of population
independently chosen samples
n1 p 5and n1q5and n2 p 5and n2 q5

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