Apex Code Cheat Sheet
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Overview
Important Reserved Words
Force.com Apex is a strongly-typed programming language that executes on the
Force.com platform. Using Apex, you can add business logic to applications, write
database triggers, and Visualforce controllers. Apex has a tight integration with the
database and query language, web services, and email handling support. It also includes
features such as asynchronous execution and support for testing.
Important Reserved Words
Keyword
Description
Example
abstract
Declares a class
that contains abstract
methods that only have
their signature and no
body defined. Can also
define methods.
public abstract class Foo {
protected void method1() { /* */ }
abstract Integer abstractMethod();
}
Exits the entire loop
while(reader.hasNext()) {
if (reader.getEventType() == END) {
break;
};
// process
reader.next();
}
break
Identifies a block of
code that can handle
a particular type of
exception
try {
// Your code here
class
Defines a class
private class Foo {
private Integer x;
public Integer getX() { return x; }
}
continue
Skips to the next
iteration of the loop
while (checkBoolean) {
if (condition)
{continue; }
// do some work
}
do
Defines a do-while
loop that executes
repeatedly while a
Boolean condition
remains true
Integer count = 1;
do {
System.debug(count);
count++;
} while (count < 11);
else
Defines the else
portion of an if-else
statement, that
executes if the initial
evaluation is untrue
Integer x, sign;
if (x==0) {
sign = 0;
} else {
sign = 1;
}
enum
Defines an
enumeration type on
a finite set of values
public enum Season {WINTER, SPRING,
SUMMER, FALL};
Season e = Season.WINTER;
extends
Defines a class or
interface that extends
another class or
interface
public class MyException extends
Exception {}
catch
false
Identifies an untrue
value assigned to a
Boolean
} catch (ListException e) {
// List Exception handling code here
}
try {
Integer i;
if (i < 5) throw new MyException();
} catch (MyException e) {
// Your MyException handling code
}
Boolean isNotTrue = false;
Keyword
Description
Example
final
Defines constants and
methods that cant be
overridden
public class myCls {
static final Integer INT_CONST;
}
finally
Identifies a block of
code that is guaranteed
to execute
try {
// Your code here
} catch (ListException e) {
// List Exception handling code
} finally {
// will execute with or without
// exception
}
for
Defines a loop. The
three types of for loops
are: iteration using a
variable, iteration over
a list, and iteration over
a query
for (Integer i = 0, j = 0; i < 10;
i++) {
System.debug(i+1);
}
Integer[] myInts = new Integer[]{1,
8, 9};
for (Integer i : myInts) {
System.debug(i);
}
String s = 'Acme';
for (Account a : [SELECT Id, Name,
FROM account
WHERE Name LIKE :(s+'%')]) {
// Your code
}
global
Defines a class,
method, or variable
that can be used by any
Apex that has access
to the class, not just
the Apex in the same
application.
global class myClass {
webService static void
makeContact(String lastName) {
// do some work
}
if
Defines a condition,
used to determine
whether a code block
should be executed
Integer i = 1;
if (i > 0) {
// do something;
}
implements
Declares a class
or interface that
implements an
interface
global class CreateTaskEmailExample
implements Messaging.
InboundEmailHandler {
global Messaging.InboundEmailResult
handleInboundEmail(Messaging.
inboundEmail email,
Messaging.InboundEnvelope env){
// do some work, return value;
}
}
instanceOf
Verifies at runtime
whether an object is
actually an instance of
a particular class
if (reports.get(0) instanceof
CustomReport) {
// Can safely cast CustomReport
c = (CustomReport)
reports.get(0);
} else {
// Do something with the noncustom-report.
}
interface
Defines a data
type with
method signatures.
Classes implement
interfaces. An interface
can extend another
interface.
public interface PO {
public void doWork();
}
public class MyPO implements PO {
public override doWork() {
// actual implementation
}
}
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Important Reserved Words
Important Reserved Words
Keyword
Description
Example
Keyword
Description
Example
new
Creates a new object,
sObject, or collection
instance
Foo f = new Foo();
MyObject__c mo =
new MyObject__c(Name= 'hello');
List<Account> la = new
List<Account>();
trigger
Defines a trigger on an
sObject
trigger myAccountTrigger on Account
(before insert, before update) {
if (Trigger.isBefore) {
for (Account a : Trigger.old) {
null
Identifies a null constant
that can be assigned to any
variable
Boolean b = null;
override
Defines a method or
property as overriding
another defined as virtual
in a class being extended
or implemented
public virtual class V {
public virtual void foo()
{/*Does nothing*/}
}
public class RealV implements V {
public override void foo() {
// Do something real
}
}
Defines a class, method, or
variable that is only known
locally, within the section
of code in which it is
defined. This is the default
scope for all methods and
variables that do not have
a scope defined
public class OuterClass {
// Only visible to methods and
// statements within OuterClass
private static final Integer
MY_INT;
}
protected
Defines a method or
variable that is visible to
any inner classes in the
defining Apex class
public class Foo {
public void quiteVisible();
protected void lessVisible();
}
public
Defines a method or
variable that can be
used by any Apex in this
application or namespace
public class Foo {
public void quiteVisible();
private void almostInvisible();
}
return
Returns a value from a
method
public Integer meaningOfLife() {
return 42;
}
static
Defines a method or
variable that is only
initialized once, and is
associated with an (outer)
class, and initialization
code
public class OuterClass {
// Associated with instance
public static final Integer
MY_INT;
Invokes a constructor on a
superclass
private
super
Boolean mustIterate = true;
try
Identifies a block of code
in which an exception
can occur
try {
// Your code here
Defines a static method
that is exposed as a
Web service method that
can be called by external
client applications.
Web service methods
can only be defined in
a global class.
global class MyWebService {
webService static Id makeContact(
String lastName, Account a) {
webService
} catch (ListException e) {
// List Exception handling code
// here
}
Contact c = new Contact(
LastName = 'Weissman',
AccountId = a.Id);
insert c;
return c.Id;
}
Integer count=1;
while (count < 11) {
System.debug(count);
count++;
}
with
sharing
Enforces sharing rules that
apply to the current user.
If absent, code is run under
default system context.
// Initialization code
static {
MY_INT = 10;
}
}
public with sharing class
sharingClass {
// Code will enforce current user's
// sharing rules
}
without
sharing
Ensures that the sharing
rules of the current user
are not enforced
public class AnotherChildClass
extends InnerClass {
AnotherChildClass(String s) {
super();
// different constructor, no
// args
}
}
public without sharing class
noSharing {
// Code won't enforce current
user's
// sharing rules
}
virtual
Defines a class or method
that allows extension
and overrides. You cant
override a method
with the override
keyword unless the class or
method has been defined
as virtual.
public virtual class MyException
extends Exception {
// Exception class member
// variable
public Double d;
static testmethod void testFoo() {
// some test logic
}
this
Represents the current
instance of a class, or in
constructor chaining
public class Foo {
public Foo(String s) { /* */}
public foo() {
this('memes repeat'); }
}
Throws an exception,
signaling that an error
has occurred
public class MyException extends
Exception {}
try {
Integer i;
if (i < 5)
throw new MyException();
} catch (MyException e) {
// Your MyException handling
// code here
}
Declares instance variables
that cannot be saved, and
should not be transmitted
as part of the view state,
in Visualforce controllers
and extensions
Identifies a true value
assigned to a Boolean
Executes a block of
code repeatedly as long
as a particular Boolean
condition remains true
Defines a method as a
unit test
transient
true
while
testmethod
throw
if (a.Name != 'okToDelete') {
a.addError(
'You can\'t delete this record!');
}
}
}
transient integer currentValue;
// Exception class constructor
MyException(Double d) {
this.d = d;
}
// Exception class method
protected void doIt() {}
Annotations
Annotation Description
@future
Denotes methods that are
executed asynchronously
Example
global class MyFutureClass {
@future
static void myMethod(
String a, Integer i) {
System.debug(
'Method called with: ' + a +
' and ' + i);
// do callout, other long
// running code
}
}
Annotations
Annotation
Description
Primitive Types
Example
Denotes classes that only
contain code used for
testing your application.
These classes dont count
against the total amount
of Apex used by your
organization.
@isTest private class MyTest {
// Methods for testing
}
@isTest(
OnInstall=true)
Denotes a test class or test
method that executes on
package installation
@isTest(OnInstall=true)
private class TestClass {
}
@isTest(
SeeAllData=true)
Denotes a test class or test
method that has access to
all data in the organization
including pre-existing data
that the test didn't create.
The default is false.
@isTest(SeeAllData=true)
private class TestClass {
}
@isTest
Denotes methods, classes, @deprecated
public void limitedShelfLife() {
exceptions, enums,
interfaces, or variables that }
can no longer be referenced
in subsequent releases of
the managed package in
which they reside
@deprecated
@readOnly
Denotes methods that
private void doQuery() {
can perform queries
unrestricted by the number }
of returned rows limit for
a request
@readOnly
@remoteAction
@restResource
@httpGet,
@httpPost,
@httpPatch,
@httpPut,
@httpDelete
Denotes Apex controller
methods that JavaScript
code can call from a
Visualforce page via
JavaScript remoting. The
method must be static and
either public or global.
@remoteAction
global static String getId(
String s) {
}
Denotes a class that is
available as a REST
resource. The class must
be global. The urlMapping
parameter is your resource's
name and is relative to
https://instance.salesforce.
com/services/apexrest/.
@restResource(urlMapping=
'/Widget/*')
global with sharing class
MyResource() {
}
Denotes a REST method
in a class annotated with
@restResource that the
runtime invokes when a
client sends an HTTP
GET, POST, PATCH, PUT, or
DELETE respectively.
@httpGet
global static MyWidget__c
doGet() {
}
The methods defined with
any of these annotations
must be global and static.
@httpDelete
global static void doDelete() {
}
Type
Description
Example
Decimal
Number that includes a decimal
point. Decimal is an arbitrary
precision number.
Decimal myDecimal = 12.4567;
Decimal divDec = myDecimal.
divide
(7, 2, System.RoundingMode.UP);
system.assertEquals(divDec,
1.78);
Double
64-bit number that includes a
decimal point. Minimum value
-263. Maximum value of 263-1
Double d=3.14159;
ID
18-character Force.com record
identifier
ID id='00300000003T2PGAA0';
Integer
32-bit number that doesnt include
a decimal point. Minimum value
-2,147,483,648 maximum value
of 2,147,483,647
Integer i = 1;
Long
64-bit number that doesnt include
a decimal point. Minimum value
of -263 maximum value of 263-1.
Long l = 2147483648L;
String
Set of characters surrounded by
single quotes
String s = 'repeating memes';
Time
Particular time
Time myTime =
Time.newInstance(18, 30, 2, 20);
Integer myMinutes = myTime.
minute();
Collection Types
List
Map
Set
@httpPost
global static void doPost() {
}
Primitive Types
Type
Description
Example
Blob
Binary data stored as a single
object
Blob myBlob =
Blob.valueof('idea');
Boolean
Value that can only be assigned
true, false, or null
Boolean isWinner = true;
Date
Particular day
Date myDate = Date.today();
Date weekStart =
myDate.toStartofWeek();
Datetime
Particular day and time
Datetime myDateTime =
Datetime.now();
Datetime newd =
myDateTime. addMonths(2);
Ordered collection
of typed primitives,
sObjects, objects, or
collections that are
distinguished by
their indices
// Create an empty list of String
List<String> my_list = new
List<String>();
My_list.add('hi');
String x = my_list.get(0);
Collection of key-value
pairs where each
unique key maps to a
single value. Keys can
be any primitive data
type, while values can
be a primitive, sObject,
collection type, or an
object.
Map<String, String> mys = new Map<String,
String>();
Map<String, String> mys = new Map<String,
String>{'a' => 'b', 'c' => 'd'.
toUpperCase()};
// Create list of records from a query
List<Account> accs = [SELECT Id, Name
FROM
Account LIMIT 1000];
Account myAcct = new Account();
Map<Integer, Account> m = new
Map<Integer, Account>();
m.put(1, myAcct);
Unordered collection Set<Integer> s = new Set<Integer>();
s.add(12);
that doesnt contain
any duplicate elements. s.add(12);
System.assert(s.size()==1);
Trigger Context Variables
Variable
Operators
isExecuting
Returns true if the current context for the Apex code is a trigger only
isInsert
Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an insert operation
isUpdate
Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an update operation
isDelete
Returns true if this trigger was fired due to a delete operation
isBefore
Returns true if this trigger was fired before any record was saved
isAfter
Returns true if this trigger was fired after all records were saved
isUndelete
Returns true if this trigger was fired after a record is recovered from
the Recycle Bin
new
Returns a list of the new versions of the sObject records. (Only in
insert and update triggers, and the records can only be modified in
before triggers.)
newMap
A map of IDs to the new versions of the sObject records. (Only available in
before update, after insert, and after update triggers.)
old
Returns a list of the old versions of the sObject records.
(Only available in update and delete triggers.)
Trigger Context Variables
Standard Classes and Methods (Subset)
System
Variable
Operators
oldMap
A map of IDs to the old versions of the sObject records.
(Only available in update and delete triggers.)
size
The total number of records in a trigger invocation, both old and new.
Apex Data Manipulation Language (DML) Operations
Keyword
Description
Example
insert
Adds one or
more records
Lead l = new Lead(Company='ABC',
LastName='Smith');
insert l;
delete
Deletes one or
more records
merge
Merges up to
three records of
the same type
into one of the
records, deleting
the others, and
re-parenting any
related records
List<Account> ls = new List<Account>{
new Account(Name='Acme Inc.'),
new Account(Name='Acme')};
insert ls;
Account masterAcct = [SELECT Id, Name
FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme Inc.'
LIMIT 1];
Account mergeAcct = [SELECT Id, Name FROM
Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1];
try { merge masterAcct mergeAcct;
} catch (DmlException e) {
}
undelete
Restores one or
more records from
the Recycle Bin
Account[] savedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name
FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Trump'
ALL ROWS];
try { undelete savedAccts;
} catch (DmlException e) {
}
update
Modifies one or
more existing
records
upsert
Creates new
records and
updates existing
records
Account[] doomedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name
FROM Account WHERE Name = 'DotCom'];
try {
delete doomedAccts;
} catch (DmlException e) {
// Process exception here
}
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme2');
insert(a);
Account myAcct = [SELECT Id, Name,
BillingCity FROM Account WHERE Name
= 'Acme2' LIMIT 1];
myAcct.BillingCity = 'San Francisco';
try {
update myAcct;
} catch (DmlException e) {
}
Account[] acctsList = [SELECT Id, Name,
BillingCity FROM Account WHERE
BillingCity = 'Bombay'];
for (Account a : acctsList)
{a.BillingCity = 'Mumbai';}
Account newAcct = new Account(
Name = 'Acme', BillingCity =
'San Francisco');
acctsList.add(newAcct);
try { upsert acctsList;
} catch (DmlException e) {
}
Standard Interfaces (Subset)
Database.Batchable
global (Database.QueryLocator | Iterable<sObject>)
start(Database.BatchableContext bc) {}
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, list<P>){}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC){}
Schedulable
global void execute(ScheduleableContext SC) {}
Messaging.InboundEmailHandler
global Messaging.InboundEmailResult handleInboundEmail(Messaging.
inboundEmail email, Messaging.InboundEnvelope env){}
Comparable
global Integer compareTo(Object compareTo) {}
abortJob
assert
assertEquals
assertNotEquals currentPageReference currentTimeMillis
debug
isRunningTest
now
process resetPassword runAs
schedule setPassword submit
today
Math
abs acos asin atan atan2 cbrt ceil
cos cosh exp floor log log10 max
min mod pow random rint round roundToLong
signum sin sinh sqrt tan
tanh
Describe
fields fieldSets getChildRelationships
getKeyPrefix
getLabel
getLabelPlural
getLocalName
getName
getRecordTypeInfos
getRecordTypeInfosByID
getSobjectType
isAccessible getRecordTypeInfosByName
isCreateable isCustom
isCustomSetting
isDeletable
isDeprecatedAndHidden isFeedEnabled
isMergeable isQueryable isSearchable
isUndeletable
isUpdateable
Schema.RecordTypeInfo rtByName = rtMapByName.get(rt.name);
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult d = Schema.SObjectType.Account;
DescribeFieldResult
getByteLength
getCalculatedFormula getController
getDefaultValue
getDefaultValueFormula getDigits
getInlineHelpText getLabel
getLength
getLocalName getName
getPicklistValues
getPrecision getReferenceTo getRelationshipName
getRelationshipOrder
getScale
getSOAPType
getSObjectField getType
isAccessible
isAutoNumber isCalculated isCaseSensitive
isCreateable isCustom
isDefaultedOnCreate
isDependantPicklist isDeprecatedAndHidden isExternalID
isFilterable isGroupable isHtmlFormatted
isIdLookup isNameField isNamePointing
isNillable
isPermissionable isRestrictedDelete
isRestrictedPicklist isSortable
isUnique
isUpdateable
isWriteRequiresMasterRead
Schema.DescribeFieldResult f = Schema.SObjectType.Account.fields.Name;
LoggingLevel
ERROR
WARN
INFO
DEBUG
FINE
FINER
FINEST
getAggregateQueries getLimitAggregateQueries
getCallouts
getLimitCallouts
getChildRelationshipsDescribes getDMLRows
getLimitChildRelationshipsDescribes getLimitDMLRows
getCPUTime
getLimitCPUTime
getDMLRows
getLimitDMLRows
getDMLStatements
getLimitDMLStatements
getEmailInvocations getLimitEmailInvocations
getFieldsDescribes getLimitFieldsDescribes
getFindSimilarCalls getLimitFindSimilarCalls
getFutureCalls
getLimitFutureCalls
getHeapSize
getLimitHeapSize
getPicklistDescribes getLimitPicklistDescribes
getQueries
getLimitQueries
getQueryLocatorRows getLimitQueryLocatorRows
getQueryRows
getLimitQueryRows
getRecordTypesDescribes getLimitRecordTypesDescribes
getRunAs
getLimitRunAs
getSavepointRollbacks
getLimitSavepointRollbacks
getSavepoints
getLimitSavepoints
getScriptStatements getLimitScriptStatements
getSoslQueries
getLimitSoslQueries
UserInfo
getDefaultCurrency getFirstName
getLanguage
getLastName getLocale getName
getOrganizationId getOrganizationName getProfileId
getSessionId getUITheme getUIThemeDisplayed
IsMultiCurrencyOrganization
String result = UserInfo.getLocale();
System.assertEquals('en_US', result);
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