Paki-rephrase.

Ayusin ang
pagkakasunudsunod. Wag
chorvahin, gawin!!!trabaho,
trabaho…

Automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control, programmable logic
control, and other industrial control systems), in concert with other applications of information
technology (such as computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM, CAx]), to control industrial
machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention.[1] In the scope of
industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided
human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,
automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
Processes and systems can also be automated.

Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.
Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to
create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities.

Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation.
Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well
beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective
assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level
tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of
humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial
tasks is possible.

Specialised hardened computers, referred to as programmable logic controllers (PLCs), are

frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from (physical) sensors and events with the
flow of outputs to actuators and events. This leads to precisely controlled actions that permit a
tight control of almost any industrial process.

Human-machine interfaces (HMI) or computer human interfaces (CHI), formerly known as man-
machine interfaces, are usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other computers, such
as entering and monitoring temperatures or pressures for further automated control or emergency
response. Service personnel who monitor and control these interfaces are often referred to as
stationary engineers in boiler houeses or central utilities departments.[2] In most industrial process
and manufacturing environments, these roles are called operators or variations on this.

Automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control, programmable logic
control, and other industrial control systems), in concert with other applications of information
technology (such as computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM, CAx]), to control industrial
machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention.[1] In the scope of
industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided
human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,
automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
Processes and systems can also be automated.

Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.
Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to
create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities.

Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation.
Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well
beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective
assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level
tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of
humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial
tasks is possible.

Specialised hardened computers, referred to as programmable logic controllers (PLCs), are

frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from (physical) sensors and events with the
flow of outputs to actuators and events. This leads to precisely controlled actions that permit a
tight control of almost any industrial process.

Human-machine interfaces (HMI) or computer human interfaces (CHI), formerly known as man-
machine interfaces, are usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other computers, such
as entering and monitoring temperatures or pressures for further automated control or emergency
response. Service personnel who monitor and control these interfaces are often referred to as
stationary engineers in boiler houeses or central utilities departments.[2] In most industrial process
and manufacturing environments, these roles are called operators or variations on this.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of automation are:

 Replacing human operators in tedious tasks.

 Replacing humans in tasks that should be done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire,
space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc)
  Making tasks that are beyond the human capabilities such as handling too heavy loads,
too large objects, too hot or too cold substances or the requirement to make things too
fast or too slow.
 Economy improvement. Sometimes and some kinds of automation implies improves in
economy of enterprises, society or most of humankind. For example, when an enterprise
that has invested in automation technology recovers its investment; when a state or
country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th
Century or when the humankind can use the internet which in turn use satellites and other
automated engines.

The main disadvantages of automation are:

 Technology limits. Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks.
 Unpredictable development costs. The research and development cost of automating a
process is difficult to predict accurately beforehand. Since this cost can have a large
impact on profitability, it's possible to finish automating a process only to discover that
there's no economic advantage in doing so.
 Initial costs are relatively high. The automation of a new product required a huge initial
investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of
automation is spread in many product batches. The automation of a plant required a great
initial investment too, although this cost is spread in the products to be produced.

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used

for automation of electromechanical processes,such as control of machinery on factory assembly
lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines.
Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output
arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to
vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-
backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results
must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended
operation will result.
Features

The main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe conditions (such
as dust, moisture, heat, cold) and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements.
These connect the PLC to sensors and actuators. PLCs read limit switches, analog process
variables (such as temperature and pressure), and the positions of complex positioning systems.
Some use machine vision. On the actuator side, PLCs operate electric motors, pneumatic or
hydraulic cylinders, magnetic relays, solenoids, or analog outputs. The input/output
arrangements may be built into a simple PLC, or the PLC may have external I/O modules
attached to a computer network that plugs into the PLC.

Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is providing human operators with machinery that assist
them with the muscular requirements of work. It can also refer to the use of machines to replace
automatic labor or animals. A step beyond mechanization is automation. Even the use of hand
powered tools is an example of mechanization as it reduces the work of either screwing, drilling,
inserting nails, punching or even power washing a surface

Tasks

[edit] HVAC

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions include temperature and humidity
control (climotics). This is generally one of the most important aspects to a homeowner. An
Internet-controlled thermostat, for example, can both save money and help the environment, by
allowing the homeowner to control the building's heating and air conditioning systems remotely.

[edit] Lighting

Lighting control systems involves aspects related to controlling electric lights.

 Extinguished general of all the lights of the house

 Automation of switched off / ignition in every point of light
 Regulation of the illumination according to the level of ambient luminosity

[edit] Natural lighting

Natural lighting control involves controlling window shades, LCD shades, draperies and
awnings. Recent advances include use of RF technology to avoid wiring to switches and
integration with third party home automation systems for centralized control.
[edit] Audio

Major companies associated with Audio Distribution include: Crestron, [Russound], NuVo,
Control 4, and Niles.

 There are three components that allow the consumer to listen to audio throughout your
home, or business:
o CAT 5e/ CAT6 cable from Audio central unit.
o 2 sets of speaker cabling (4ply from amplifier, and 2 ply from key pad to ceiling
or wall speakers).
o A keypad to control your volume and sources.

This category includes audio switching and distribution. Audio switching determines the
selection of an audio source. Audio distribution allows an audio source to be heard in one or
more rooms. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' audio.

[edit] Video

This includes video switching and distribution, allowing a video source to be viewed on multiple
TVs. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' video.

Integration of the intercom to the telephone, or of the video door entry system to the television
set, allowing the residents to view the door camera automatically.

[edit] Security

Control and integration of security systems.

With Home Automation, the consumer can select and watch cameras live from an Internet source
to their home or business. Security cameras can be controlled, allowing the user to observe
activity around a house or business right from a Monitor or touch panel. Security systems can
include motion sensors that will detect any kind of unauthorized movement and notify the user
through the security system or via cell phone.

This category also includes control and distribution of security cameras (see surveillance).

 Detection of possible intrusion

o sensors of detection of movement
o sensors of magnetic contact of door/window
o sensors of glass breaking
o sensors of pressure changes
 Simulation of presence.
 Detection of fire, gas leaks, water leaks (see fire alarm and gas alarm)
 Medical alert. Teleassistance.
 Precise and safe closing of blinds.
[edit] Intercoms

An intercom system allows communication via a microphone and loud speaker between multiple
rooms.

 Ubiquity in the external control as much internal, remote control from the Internet, PC,
wireless controls (p.ej. PDA with WiFi), electrical equipment.
 Transmission of alarms.
 Intercommunications.

[edit] Robotics

 Control of home robots, using if necessary domotic electric beacon.

 Home robot communication (i.e. using WiFi) with the domotic network and other home
robots.

[edit] Other systems

Using special hardware, almost any device can be monitored and controlled automatically or
remotely.

Including:

 Coffee pot
 Garage door(s)
 Pet feeding and watering
 Plant watering
 Pool pump(s) and heater, Hot tub and Spa
 Sump Pump (need info and links)

[edit] Costs

An automated home can be a very simple grouping of controls, or it can be heavily automated
where any appliance that is plugged into electrical power is remotely controlled. Costs mainly
include equipment, components, furniture, and custom installation.[2]

[edit] Smart Grid

In 2009 President Barack Obama asked the United States Congress "to act without delay" to pass
legislation that included doubling alternative energy production in the next three years and
building a new electricity "smart grid". [3] On April 13, 2009, George W. Arnold was named the
first National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability [4]. In June 2009, the NIST announced
a smart grid interoperability project via IEEE P2030[5].

Home automation technologies like Zigbee, INSTEON and Zwave are viewed as integral
additions to the Smart Grid. The ability to control lighting, appliances, HVAC as well as Smart
Grid applications (load shedding, demand response, real-time power usage and price reporting) [6]
will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives are rolled out.

An actuator is a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. An

actuator typically is a mechanical device that takes energy, usually transported by air, electric
current, or liquid, and converts that into some kind of motion.

Biometrics comprises methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more
intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. In information technology, in particular, biometrics is used
as a form of identity access management and access control. It is also used to identify individuals
in groups that are under surveillance.

Biometric characteristics can be divided in two main classes:

 Physiological are related to the shape of the body. Examples include, but are not limited
to fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, hand and palm geometry, iris recognition, which
has largely replaced retina, and odor/scent.
 Behavioral are related to the behavior of a person. Examples include, but are not limited
to typing rhythm, gait, and voice. Some researchers[1] have coined the term
behaviometrics for this class of biometrics.

Strictly speaking, voice is also a physiological trait because every person has a different vocal
tract, but voice recognition is mainly based on the study of the way a person speaks, commonly
classified as behavioral.