HEDONISM
GROUP 2
Cruz, Anthony
Dar, Biel Ross
Dela Cruz, Mark Jed T.
Dela Cruz, Patrick Jan T.
Delos Santos, Nick Nestor L.
Dimaano, Carlito Jr.
Dimaculangan, Eula Marie R.
Escalante, John
Escover, Jhealuz
DEFINITION OF HEDOISM
Jhealuz Escover
What is intrinsic goodness?
WHAT IS INTRINSIC GOOD?
Something is not a means of another
thus it doesnt create certain results or
reward
Distinguished by series of why
question until a nonsense answer is
attained (happiness, truth and life)
WHAT IS INSTRUMENTAL GOOD?
Something considered as a
means to some other good
Answers a series of
why question
EXAMPLE
Education wealth success Happiness
Being alive = instrumental good
-This is because not being alive cause
happiness such as those who live under
respirator thus it is undesirable for ones
sake
HEDONISM
From Greek word hdon which means
PLEASURE
It is about what is GOOD for us, how we should
BEHAVE, and what MOTIVATES us to behave
Ultimate importance in a phenomena is to identify
HAPPINESS and PAIN
Western : happiness is the goal
Eastern: happiness is the end-product of proper
behavior
TYPES OF HEDONISM
Jhealuz Escover
FOLK HEDONISM
Ones pleasure is short-termed thus considered
as misrepresentation of hedonism
It is the seek for pleasure even if indulges lead
to problems, regrets or sadness for themselves
and others
Does not account ones WELL-BEING
VALUE HEDONISM
Core and foundation of all hedonistic theories
Theory of value which states that ALL and
ONLY pleasure is intrinsically good and ALL
and only PAIN is intrinsically not valuable
It reduces everything of value to pleasure
PRUDENTIAL HEDONISM
Theory of well-being which is more specific than
value hedonism for it stipulates what the value is for
Defines happiness as a state where PLEASURE
OUTWEIGHS PAIN
All and ONLY pleasure intrinsically makes peoples
lives go better for them and ALL and ONLY pain
intrinsically makes their live go worse
MOTIVATIONAL HEDONISM
Also known as PSYCHOLOGICAL HEDONISM
Descriptive theory which states that it is
NATURAL for a person to seek pleasure
Pleasure and pain are the MOTIVATORS or
DRIVNG FACTORS that influences all our
behavior
NORMATIVE HEDONISM
Known as ETHICAL HEDONISM
Prescriptive theory which states that whether or
not a person pursue happiness, they SHOULD or
OUGHT to do so
Happiness is the sole criterion in determining
what is morally right or wrong
A.) HEDONISTIC EGOISM
Theory that we should, morally speaking,
do whatever is most in our won interest or
whatever makes us happiest
Does not accredit any value to the
consequence of ones action for anyone
rather than himself
B.) HEDONISTIC UTILITARIANISM
Theory that right action is the one that
produces the greatest net happiness
Pleasure and pain are not merely physical ones
but also psychological ones
Fairer than hedonistic egoism since happiness
of EVERYONE is accounted and of EQUAL
WEIGHT
ORIGIN OF HEDONISM
Arlee Dimaano
Founder: Aristuppus of Cyrene
taught that that the goal of life
was to seek pleasure by adapting
circumstances to oneself and by
maintaining proper control over
both adversity and prosperity.
While he believed that men
should dedicate their lives to the
pursuit and enjoyment of
pleasure, he also believed that
they should use good judgment
and exercise self-control to
temper powerful human desires.
I possess, I am not possessed
Aristippus, 4th Century BC
Epicureanism
Form of ancient
hedonism
Founder: Epicurus
A LETTER TO MENOECEUS
We recognize pleasure
as the first good innate
in us, and from pleasure
we begin every act of
choice and avoidance,
and to pleasure we
return again, using the
feeling as the standard
by which we judge every
good.
DEVELOPMENT OF HEDONISM
Arlee Dimaano
MIDDLE AGES
Christian philosophers largely
denounced Hedonism
Developing Christian virtues of faith,
hope, and charity
Renaissance philosophers revived
hedonism
17TH 19TH CENTURY
Libertinism is related to Hedonism
By 2nd Earl of Rochester (1647 - 1680),
the Marquis de Sade (1740 -1814) and
the occultist Aleister Crowley (1875
1947).
19th Century developed and refined
hedonism = UTILITARIANISM
HEDONISM: PROS AND CONS
Anthony Cruz and Nick Delos Santos
PROS: ARGUMENTS FOR
HEDONISM
The Definition of Pleasure is Subjective
All that is in excess can be harmful to
you(Epicureanism)
- tranquility and freedom from fear and
absence of bodily pain through knowledge of
the workings of the world and the limits of
our desires
PROS: ARGUMENTS FOR
HEDONISM
Explores how to use the brains
and bodys capacities to the fullest
extent
It is what makes a persons life
go best
NON-NECESSITY OBJECTIONS
Pleasure is not necessary for
positive importance.
Pleasure is not the Only source of
Intrinsic Value
INSUFFICIENCY OBJECTIONS
Rejection of the idea that all
pleasure is good, or that all
displeasure is bad, or both claims.
Some pleasure are not valuable.
THERE IS NO COHERENT AND
UNIFYING DEFINITION OF PLEASURE
The first obstacle for a useful definition of
pleasure for hedonism is to unify all of the
dive
When the definition of pleasure is stretched, it
becomes much less recognizable as the
concept of pleasure we use in day-to-day life
and its intrinsic value becomes much less
intuitive.rse pleasures in a reasonable way.
UTILITARIANISM
Mark Jed Dela Cruz
BASIC INSIGHTS OF
UTILITARIANISM
The purpose of morality is to make the
world a better place
Morality is about producing good
consequences, not having good intentions
Doing whatever will bring the most
benefit to all of humanity
PURPOSE OF MORALITY
The purpose of morality is to
guide peoples actions in such
a way as to produce a better
world.
EMPHASIS
Consequences not Intentions.
TYPES OF UTILITARIANISM
Patrick Dela Cruz
TYPES OF UTILITARIANISM
Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Negative Utilitarianism
Preference Utilitarianism
ACT UTILITARIANISM
To judge each individual action on its
outcome/results alone.
If it is a choice between two courses of
action we are morally obliged to take the one
which yields the most happiness for the most
people.
Example: Child labour
RULE UTILITARIANISM
Not concerned with assessing individual acts
but the utility of a rule for action.
If everyone were to obey this rule, would
the general happiness be maximised?
Example: Wearing of school uniforms
NEGATIVE UTILITARIANISM
Focused on promoting the least
amount of evil or harm for the greatest
number.
There are more ways to do harm than
good
Example: Mercy Killing
PREFERENCE UTILITARIANISM
Good or happiness is maximized if
ones preference is fulfilled.
To maximize the satisfaction of the
preferences of all those involved is good
Example: Eating with friends on diet
ACT AND RULE UTILITARIANISM:
PROS AND CONS
John Escalante and Eula Marie Dimaculangan
ACT UTILITARIANISM:
PROS AND CONS
Eula Marie R. Dimaculangan
ACT UTILITARIANISM PROS
It maximizes utility we can
maximize the overall utility that is
within our power to bring about
by maximizing the utility of each
individual action that we perform.
ACT UTILITARIANISM PROS
Act Utilitarianism is better
than traditional, rule-based
moralities
ACT UTILITARIANISM PROS
Act Utilitarianism makes
moral judgments
objectively true
ACT UTILITARIANISM CONS
The Wrong Answers
Objections
Example: A doctor saving 5 people and
killing one healthy person
ACT UTILITARIANISM CONS
The Undermining Trust
Objections
ACT UTILITARIANISM CONS
Partiality and
the Too Demanding
Objections
RULE UTILITARIANISM:
PROS AND CONS
John Escalante
RULE UTILITARIANISM PROS
It maximizes utility We can
produce more beneficial results
by following rules than by
always performing individual
actions whose results are as
beneficial as possible.
RULE UTILITARIANISM PROS
Maintains trust Unlike act
utilitarianism whose action is
evaluated on a case to case basis
which makes the end result
unpredictable , rule utilitarianism is
committed to rules which gives us an
idea of how the person is likely to
behave.
RULE UTILITARIANISM PROS
Not as demanding as act
utilitarianism Act utilitarianism
tells you to always do things that
will produce the best results
whereas rule utilitarianism tell you
to do what is on the rules.
RULE UTILITARIANISM CONS
The rule worship
objection what if more
good can be done by
violating the rule?
RULE UTILITARIANISM CONS
It does not support important
moral ideas instead, it just
focuses on the amount of
utility that rule generates.
EFFECT OF HEDONISM AND
UTILITARIANISM IN SOCIETY
Biel Ross Dar
UTILITARIANISM
Law:
Reasons for Punishment:
Halt further crime by means of changing the criminal
Protect the society from the criminal
Discourage to commit crimes by being frightened of the punishment
Politics:
Government and sanctity of a person revolves around their utility
Democracy
Economics:
Welfare Economics - evaluate economic policies based on their effects
on the well-being of the public
HEDONISM
Most Popular form of
Hedonistic Activities:
Sexual Gratification
Consumption of Alcohol
Consumption of Drugs
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