Menggapai A+ Additional Mathematics SPM

SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLES
SINE RULE
To find unknown sides, To find unknown angles,
given two angles and one side: given two sides and one angle :
a b c
sin A sin B sin C
sin A sin B sin C
a b c

(1) Diagram 1 shows the 2) Diagram 2 shows the triangle 3)Diagram 3 shows the triangle
triangle ABC . DEF. PQR .
D 13 cm R
C P
Co
60
10 cm 10 cm
C 0
C 130
80o 600 350 16
A C B E Diagram 3
F Q
C 17.25 cm
Calculate the length of AB. Calculate the length of DF. Find QPR.

[ 8.794 cm ] [15 cm] [ 36.110 ]

COSINES RULE
To find unknown sides, To find unknown angles,
Given two sides and included angles: Given three sides :
= + 2 + 2 2
cos =
2

4) The diagram shows a 5) The diagram shows a 6) The diagram shows a

triangle ABC. B triangle PQR R triangle XYZ.
Z
5 cm
13 cm 17 cm 11 cm 10 cm
35o
A C
6 cm P Q X Y
12 cm 19 cm
Calculate the length of BC
Find QPR. Find XZY.

[3.442 cm] [85.59o]

[129.52o]

JULY 2017
Menggapai A+ Additional Mathematics SPM

AREAS OF TRIANGLES
To find the areas of triangles, To find the areas of triangles,
given two sides and included angles. given three sides .
= ( )( )( )
=
where =
++

7) Find the area of triangle ABC. 8) Find the area of triangle PQR.
B
R
12cm
5 cm
cm 10cm
62o P
A C cm
12cm 15 cm Q
cm cm

[26.49 cm2] [59.81cm2]

AMBIGUOUS CASE
may occur when given two sides and non included angle (which are acute).
Clue: Find two possible values of angle ABC.
Find two possible length of AB.

C
C
b cm
a cm b cm
a cm
B A
A B B B
a<b a<b

(9) Draw another possible triangle

a) A b) c) B
13.5 cm
300 C
9 cm A
390
7 cm
6 cm 400
B B

5 cm 11.5 cm C
C A

JULY 2017
Menggapai A+ Additional Mathematics SPM

10. Diagram 2 shows a triangle PRS and a straight line PQR. Given that QS = 4 cm,
RS = 6 cm, SQR = 65, and SPQ = 23,

Diagram 2
a) Find
(i) SRQ,
(ii) length of SP,
(iii) area of PSR.

b) (i) A point T lies on the line PQR such that TS = QS . Sketch the triangle PST.
(ii) A point V lies on the line PS such that VQ =SQ. Sketch the triangle PQV.
[7 marks]

11. Diagram 3 shows a trapezium PQRS where PQ is parallel to RS. Given that
PQ = 4.8 cm, PR = 10.2 cm, SPR = 105, and PSR = 37, calculate

Diagram 3

(a) the length of PS,

(b) the length of QR,
(c) the area of trapezium PQRS. [10 marks]

JULY 2017
Menggapai A+ Additional Mathematics SPM

12. Diagram 17 shows a quadrilateral ABCD.

A
5.6 cm
105o
B
16.4 cm

50o
C 6 cm D
(a) Calculate
(i) the length, in cm, of AC,
(ii) ACB .
[4 marks]

(b) Point A lies on AC such that AB = AB.

(i) Sketch A ' BC .
(ii) Calculate the area, in cm2, of A ' BC .
[6 marks]

10 (a) SRQ = 37.17 11 (a) PS = 10.43 cm 12) (a) (i) AC = 13.36

(b) PS = 9.28 cm (b) QR = 7.65 cm (ii) ACB 23.88 o

(c) 24.15 cm2 (c) 66.45 cm2 (b) (ii) Area = 13.80 cm2.

JULY 2017