ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 19
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
CHAPTER 19 : SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
Contents
Topic/subtopics Page
10.0 SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
10.1 Concept Map 1
10.2 Sine Rule 2-3
10.3 Cosine Rule 4-5
10.4 Area Of Triangles 6
10.5 Past Year Questions 7-8
10.6 Assessment 9-10
Answers 11
1
CHAPTER 10 : SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
10.1 CONCEPTUAL MAP
SINE RULE
_____ = ____
OR COSINE RULE
a² = b² + c² −2bc kos A
____ = = _____
b² = ________________
A
c² = ________________
c b
B a C
AREA OF TRIANGLE
Area =
= ________________
=_________________
______________________
2
10.2. SINE RULE
10.2.1 Find the value of x in each of the following triangles.
Example 1 Example 2
R Q
65 9 cm
16 cm sin x =
8 cm
x = 76 x sin x = 0.5458
75 R P x = 33º 5’
P
x
Q x = 7.506 cm
(a) (c )
R P
9.3 cm Q x
62 70
Q 10.2 cm
6.5 cm
x
53
R
P
(b) (d)
Q
P
x 15.8 5m
3.1 cm
5.6 cm
125 130
30 x
R Q R
P
3
10.2.1 Solve each of the following
(1) (2)
S Q
4.9 cm R 80
7 cm
60
97 9 cm 55
45 35
P Q R P
8.2 cm
In the diagram above, PQR is a straight
S
line. Calculate
In the diagram above PQRS is a
(a) length of PQ Quadilateral. Calculate
(a) length of QR
(b) length of RS
(b)
4
10.3. COSINE RULE
10.3.1 Find the value of x in the following triangles.
Example 1 Example 2
Q
Q
3 cm x cm
45 8 cm
R 5 cm
P 10 cm
x
x² = 3² + 10² − 2(3)(10) kos 45º P 6 cm R
x = 8.159 cm 5² = 8² + 6² − 2(8)(6) kos x
kos x =
x = 0.7813
x = 38º 37’
(a) B
R 6 cm
5 cm
80 A x
Q 6 cm
4 cm
x cm 8 cm
C
P
( c)
(b) A
P
x 7 cm
x cm 8 cm
15 cm
110 C
Q 12 cm
R 20 cm B
(d)
5
10.3.2 Solve the following problems
(1) ABC is a triangle with A= 39º, (2)
AB = 15.2 cm and AC = 12 cm. Find T
R
(a) the length of BC
5 cm 25
7 cm S 10 cm
4 cm
P
Q
In the diagram, PSR and QST are straight
lines. Calculate
(a) PST
(b) ABC
(b) the length of SQ
6
10.4. AREA OF TRIANGLE
10.4.1 Calculate the area of the following triangles ABC
Example
C
(a) In ABC, A = 57º, AB = 8.5 cm
and AC = 6.3 cm. Calculate the area of
16.2 cm ABC.
49
A 18.4 cm B
Area of ABC = x 16.2 x 18.4 x sin 49º
= 112.48 cm²
A C
4 cm
30
7 cm
125 A 7 cm B
B 10 cm C
( c)
(b)
10 cm
60 35
A C
(d)
7
10.5 SPM QUESTIONS
SPM 2004 PAPER 2
1. Diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD such that ABC is acute.
D 5.2 cm
C
9.8 cm 12.3 cm
9.5 cm
40.5
B
A
( a) Calculate
( i)
( ii)
( iii) the area, in cm², of quadrilateral ABCD. ( 8 Marks)
(b) A triangle has the same measurements as those given for triangle ABC,
that is
= 12.3 cm, = 9.5 cm and = 40.5º, but which is different in
shape
to triangle ABC.
( i) Sketch the triangle ,
( ii) State the size of ( 2 Marks)
8
SPM 2005 Paper 2
2. Diagram 7 shows triangle ABC.
20 cm
B 65
15 cm
(a) Calculate the length, in cm, of AC. ( 2 Marks)
(b) A quadrilateral ABCD is now formed so that AC is a diagonal, and
AD = 16 cm. Calculate the two possible values of . ( 2 Marks)
(c) By using the acute from (b), calculate
(i) the length, in cm of CD,
(ii) the area, in cm², of the quadrilateral ABCD. ( 6 Marks)
9
10.6 ASSESSMENT
Answer All questions Time : 30 minutes
(a) In Diagram below, PQS and SQR are two triangles
S PQR is a straight line. Calculate
(i) the length of SR
(ii) the length of PQ
6 cm (iii) the area of
40 75 35
P Q R
(b) In triangle ABC, , c = 10 cm and b= 6 cm. Find
( i) the possible value of
( ii) the length of BC
10
(c ) Diagram below shows two triangles
ABC and ACD.
A BCD is a straight line. Find
(i)
(ii ) the length of CD
10 cm 8 cm (iii ) the area of the whole diagram
8 cm
35
B C D
(d) Diagram below shows two triangles, PTQ and PSR.
S
2 cm PTS and PQR are straight lines,
T Calculate
5 cm
(i)
(ii) the length of SR
P 4 cm Q 6 cm R ( ii) the area of quarilateral TQRS
11
ANSWER
10.2 SINE RULE
( 10.2.1) (a) 10.28 (10.2.2) (1) (a) 3.89 cm
(b) 9.175 (b) 6.041 cm
(c) 36º 47’ (2) (a) 5.823 cm
(d) 8º 37’ - 8º 39’ (b) 126º 54’
10.3. COSINE RULE ( 10.3.2) (1)(a) 9.568 cm
( 10.3.1) (a) 5.835 (b) 52.12º
(b) 28.81
(c) 48º 11’ (2) (a) 101º32’
(d) 106º 4’ (b) 4.313 cm
10.4.AREA OF TRIANGLE
(a) 22.46 cm²
(b) 28.67 cm²
( c)14 cm²
(d) 75.21 cm²
10.5.PAST YEARS QUESTIONS
1. (a) (i) 57.23º 2. (a) 19.27 cm
(ii) 73.93º (b) 50.73º, 129.27º
(iii) 80.96 cm² (c) (i)24.89 cm
(ii) 290.1 cm²
(b)(i)
A' B' B
(ii) 122.77º
10.6.ASSESSMENT
(a) (i) 10.10 cm (c ) (i)45º48’
(ii)5.354 cm (ii)11.16 cm
(iii)28.48 cm² (iii)39.49 cm²
(d) (i)36º52’
(ii)6.08 cm
12 (iii)15 cm²
(b) (i)72º56’ or 107º4’
(ii)9.952 cm and 6.430 cm
13
