Java

 5  &  6  Features  

Jussi  Pohjolainen  
Tampere  University  of  Applied  Sciences  
 Versions  and  Naming  
•  JDK  1.0  –  1996    
•  JDK  1.1  –  1997  –  JDBC,  RMI,  ReflecQon..  
•  J2SE  1.2  –  1998  –  Swing,  CollecQons..  
•  J2SE  1.3  -­‐  2000  –  HotSpot  JVM..  
•  J2SE  1.4  –  2002  –  assert,  NIO,  Web  start..  
•  J2SE  5.0  (1.5)  –  2004  –  Generics,  Autoboxing..  
•  Java  SE  6  (1.6)  –  2006  –  Rhino,  JDBC  4.0  …  
•  Java  SE  7  (1.7)  –  2011  –  Small  language  changes,  
API  Changes  
 New  Features  
•  Java  SE  5  
–  Generics  
–  Autoboxing  
–  Improved  looping  syntax  
–  AnnotaQons  
–  …  
•  Java  SE  6  
–  XML  Processing  and  Web  Services  
–  ScripQng  
–  JDBC  4.0  
–  Desktop  APIs  
–  …  
 
 Generics  
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
list.add(new Integer(22));

Iterator i = list.iterator();

while(i.hasNext()) {
System.out.println((String) i.next());
}
Result  
 Using  Generics  
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
list.add(new Integer(22));

Iterator<String> i = list.iterator();

while(i.hasNext()) {
System.out.println((String) i.next());
}
Result  
 Enhanced  for  -­‐  loop  
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
list.add("c");

// Loop array or collection. Iteration used

// even without declaration! The list object
// must implement java.lang.Iterable interface
for(String alphabet : list) {
System.out.println(alphabet);
}
 Java  1.4  
import java.util.*;

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Does not work, 5 is not a Object type!
someMethod(5);
}

public static void someMethod(Object a) {

System.out.println(a.toString());
}
}
 Java  1.4:  SoluQon  
import java.util.*;

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Integer temp = new Integer(5);
someMethod(temp);
}

public static void someMethod(Object a) {

System.out.println(a.toString());
}
}
 Java  1.4:  Lot  of  Coding  
Integer a = new Integer(5);
Integer b = new Integer(6);
int aPrimitive = a.intValue();
Int bPrimitive = b.intValue();
 Autoboxing  Comes  to  Rescue!  
class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Boxing
Integer a = 2;

// UnBoxing
int s = 5 + a;
}
}
 Java  1.5  
class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Works!
someMethod(5);
}

public static void someMethod(Object a) {

System.out.println(a.toString());
}
}
 Java  1.5  
import java.util.*;

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(5);
list.add(new Integer(6));
list.add(7);

for(int number : list) {

System.out.println(number);
}
}
}
 Enum  
•  An  enum  type  is  a  type  whose  fields  consist  of  
a  fixed  set  of  constants  
 
enum Color {
WHITE, BLACK, RED, YELLOW, BLUE;
}
 Usage  
enum Color {
WHITE, BLACK, RED, YELLOW, BLUE;
}

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
System.out.println(Color.WHITE);

Color c1 = Color.RED;
System.out.println(c1);
}
 Enum  
•  Enum  declaraQon  defines  a  class!  
•  Enum  can  include  methods  
•  Enum  constants  are  final  staQc  
•  Compiler  adds  special  methods  like  values  
that  returns  an  array  containing  all  the  values  
of  the  enum.  
•  Enum  class  extends  java.lang.enum  
 Enum  
enum Color {
WHITE, BLACK, RED, YELLOW, BLUE;
}

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
for (Color c : Color.values()) {
System.out.println(c);
}
}
}
 StaQc  Import  (1/2)  
class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
int x = Integer.parseInt("55");
int y = Integer.parseInt("56");
int x = Integer.parseInt("57");
}
}
 StaQc  Import  (2/2)  
import static java.lang.Integer.parseInt;

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
int x = parseInt("55");
int y = parseInt("56");
int z = parseInt("57");
}
}
 Metadata  
•  With  Java  5  it’s  possible  to  add  metadata  to  
methods,  parameters,  fields,  variables..  
•  Metadata  is  given  by  using  annota,ons  
•  Many  annota.ons  replace  what  would  
otherwise  have  been  comments  in  code.  
•  Java  5  has  built-­‐in  annotaQons  
 Override:  Does  not  Compile!  
class Human {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Eats food");
}
}

class Programmer extends Human {

@Override
public void eatSomeTypo() {
System.out.println("Eats pizza");
}
}

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Programmer jack = new Programmer();
jack.eat();
}
}
 Other  AnnotaQons  used  By  Compiler  
•  @Depricated  –  Gives  warning  if  when  
depricated  method  or  class  is  used  
•  @SuppressWarnings  –  Suppress  all  warnings  
that  would  normally  generate  
 System.out.format  
import java.util.Date;

class Main {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Date d = new Date();
// Lot of format characters available!
System.out.format("Today is %TF", d);
}
}
 Variable  Argument  List  
class Main {
public static void printGreeting(String... names) {
for (String n : names) {
System.out.println("Hello " + n + ". ");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

String [] names = {"Jack", "Paul"};

printGreeting("Jack", "Paul");
printGreeting(names);
}
}
 User  Input:  Scanner  
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = in.nextInt();
 Java  6:  XML  &  Web  Services  
•  Easy  way  of  creaQng  Web  Services  
•  Expose  web  service  with  a  simple  annotaQon  
 
 
 Web  Service  
package hello;

import javax.jws.WebService;

@WebService

public class CircleFunctions {

public double getArea(double r) {
return java.lang.Math.PI * (r * r);
}

public double getCircumference(double r) {

return 2 * java.lang.Math.PI * r;
}
}
 Server  
import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;

class Publish {
public static void main(String[] args) {

Endpoint.publish(
"http://localhost:8080/circlefunctions",
new CircleFunctions());

}
 Generate  Stub  Files  
•  Generate  stub  files:  
–  wsgen  –cp  .  hello.CircleFuncQons  
 Java  6:  Rhino  
•  Framework  to  connect  to  Java  programs  to  
scripQng-­‐language  interpreters.  
•  Rhino  JS  Engine  comes  with  Java  6  
•  To  ability  to  run  JS  from  Java  and  JS  from  
command  line  
•  Rhino  is  wriken  in  Java  
 Example  
import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
import javax.script.ScriptException;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ScriptEngineManager mgr = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine = mgr.getEngineByName("JavaScript");

// Now we have a script engine instance that

// can execute some JavaScript
try {
engine.eval("print('Hello')");
} catch (ScriptException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
 Java  6:  GUI  
•  Faster  Splash  Screens  
•  System  tray  support  
•  Improved  Drag  and  Drop  
•  Improved  Layout  
•  WriQng  of  Gif  -­‐  files  
 Java  6:  DB  Support  
•  Java  6  comes  with  preinstalled  relaQonal  
database,  Oracle  release  of  Apache  Derby  
Project  
•  Java  DB  is  installed  automaQcally  as  part  of  
the  Java  SE  Development  Kit  (JDK).  
•  For  a  Java  DB  installaQon,  set  the  
DERBY_HOME  environment  variable  
 Java  7  
•  Using  Strings  in  switch  statements  
•  Syntax  for  automaQc  cleaning  of  streams  
•  Numeric  literals  with  underscores  
•  OR  in  excepQon  catches