01 – Hyperbolic Functions
Hyperbolic functions are defined in terms of exponential functions.
𝐞𝐱 − 𝐞−𝐱
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐱 =
𝟐
𝐞𝐱 + 𝐞−𝐱
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡𝐱 =
𝟐
The basic hyperbolic rules are similar to those of trig.
So
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐱
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡𝐱 =
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡𝐱
Example 1 Express tanhx, sechx, cosechx and cothx in terms of sinhx,
coshx, tanhx and ex .
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Example 2 i) Use your calculator to find, to 2 d.p. , the values of:
a) cosh2, b) sech0, c) sinh1, d) tanh0.4
ii) Find the exact values of the above in terms of e. (where
appropriate)
Example 3 Find the exact values of a) sinh(ln3) b) tanh(ln5)
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Example 4 Solve sinhx = 2
Practice: Exercise 1A Page 4 Questions 1 to 8
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Hyperbolic graphs
y = ex y = e-x
The graphs of sinhx and coshx can be developed using the 2 graphs
above.
Example 5 Sketch the graphs of a) y = sinhx b) y = coshx
Notice that sinh(-x) = - sinhx and cosh(-x) = cosh which is similar to trig.
functions.
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Example 6 Sketch the graphs of a) y = tanhx b) y = sechx
c) y = cosecx d) y = cothx.
Practice: Exercise 1B Page 9 Questions 1 to 5
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Hyperbolic Identities
These work in a similar way to trig. Identities.
Example 7 Show cosh2x – sinh2x = 1
Example 8 Develop identities involving tanhx and sechx, and cosechx
and cothx.
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Example 9 Show that sinh(A + B) = sinhAcoshB + coshAsinhB.
sinh(A + B) =
sinh(A – B) =
cosh(A + B) =
cosh(A – B) =
Example 10 create an identity for tanh(A + B)
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Example 10 Show cosh2A = cosh2A + sinh2A
Osborn’s Rule
In general, a trig. Identity can be changed into a corresponding
hyperbolic identity by replacing cos with cosh and sin with sinh.
However any product or implied product of 2 sine terms is replaced by
minus the product of 2 sinh terms.
Example 11 Write down the corresponding hyperbolic identities.
a) cos2A = 2cos2A – 1
b) cos2A = 1 – 2 sin2A
tanA+tanB
c) tan(A + B) =
1−tanAtanB
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Example 12 Given that coshx = 5/4 find the exact value of
a) sinhx, b) tanhx, c) sinh2x
Practice: Exercise 1C Page 12
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Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
If f(x) = sinhx the inverse function f-1 is called arsinhx (or sinh-1x)
If y = arsinhx then x = sinhy.
The graph of y = arshinx is the reflection of y = sinhx in the line y = x.
Example 13 Sketch the graph of y = arcoshx
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Inverse hyperbolic functions with restricted domains.
Hyperbolic function Inverse hyperbolic function
y = sinhx y = arsinhx
y = coshx, x ≥ 0 y = arcoshx, x ≥ 1
y = tanhx y = artanhx,|x|< 1
y = sechx, x ≥ 0 y = arsechx, 0 < x ≤ 1
y = cosechx, x ≠ 0 y = arcosechx, x ≠ 0
y = cothx, x ≠ 0 y = arcothx, |x|> 1
Example 14 Sketch the graph of y = arcothx, |x|> 1
Practice: Exercise 1D Page 17 Qu 1 to 4
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Inverse hyperbolic functions can be expressed in terms
of natural logs.
Example 15 Show that a) arsinhx = ln(x + √x 2 + 1) These results are
in the Formulae
Booklet
b) arcoshx = ln(x + √x 2 − 1)
𝟏 𝟏+𝐱
The result for artanhx is artanhx = 𝐥𝐧 , |x|< 1
𝟐 𝟏−𝐱
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Example 16 Express the following as natural logs.
1
a) arsinh4 b) arcosh(5/2) c) artanh
3
Practice: Exercise 1D Page 17 Qu 5 to 10
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Hyperbolic Equations
Example 17 Solve 2sinhx – cosh x = 1
Example 18 3cosh2x – 11sinhx = 7
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Example 19 Solve cosh2x – 7coshx + 6 = 0
Example 20 Repeat example 17 using Rsinh(x - α)
Practice: Exercise 1E Page 18, Exercise 1F Page 19
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