8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface
Description
The Intel 82C55A is a general purpose programmable I/O
device which may be used with many different
microprocessors.
There are 24 I/O pins which may be individually
programmed in 2 groups of 12 and used in 3 major modes of
operation.
The high performance and industry standard configuration
of the 82C55A make it compatible with the 8086.
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8255 Internal Architecture
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Data Bus Buffer
This three-state bi-directional 8-bit buffer is used to
interface the 82C55A to the system data bus. Data is
transmitted or received by the buffer upon execution
of input or output instructions by the CPU. Control
words and status information are also transferred
through the data bus buffer.
Read/Write and Control Logic
The function of this block is to manage all of the
internal and external transfers of both Data and
Control or Status words. It accepts inputs from the
CPU Address and Control busses accepts inputs from
the CPU Address and Control busses and in turn,
issues commands to both of the Control Groups.
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(A0 and A1) Port Select 0 and Port Select 1 :
These input signals, in conjunction with the RD
and WR inputs, control the selection of one of the
three ports or the control word register.
(CS) Chip Select : A “low” on this input pin
enables the communication between the 82C55A
and the CPU.
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(RD) Read : A “low” on this input pin enables
82C55A to send the data or status information to
the CPU on the data bus. In essence, it allows the
CPU to “read from” the 82C55A.
(WR) Write : A “low” on this input pin enables
the CPU to write data or control words into the
82C55A.
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(RESET) Reset : A “high” on this input
initializes the control register to 9Bh and all ports
(A, B, C) are set to the input mode. “Bus hold”
devices internal to the 82C55A will hold the I/O
port inputs to a logic “1” state with a maximum
hold current of 400mA.
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8255 Pin Diagram
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Working Modes Of 8255
Mode Selection
There are three basic modes of operation than can be
selected by the system software:
• Mode 0 - Basic Input/Output
• Mode 1 - Strobed Input/Output
• Mode 2 - Bi-directional Bus
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• When the reset input goes “high”, all ports will be set to
the input mode with all 24 port lines held at a logic “one”
level by internal bus hold devices.
• After the reset is removed, the 82C55A can remain in the
input mode with no additional initialization required
• During the execution of the system program, any of the
other modes may be selected using a single output
instruction. This allows a single 82C55A to service a
variety of peripheral devices with a simple software
maintenance routine.
• Any port programmed as an output port is initialized to all
zeros when the control word is written.
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The modes for Port A and Port B can be separately
defined, while Port C is divided into two portions as
required by the Port A and Port B definitions.
For instance: Group B can be programmed in Mode
0 to monitor simple switch closings or display
computational results, Group A could be
programmed in Mode 1 to monitor a keyboard or tape
reader on an interrupt-driven basis.
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Control Word for 8255 (I/O Mode)
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BSR Mode For 8255
Single Bit Set/Reset Feature
• Any of the eight bits of Port C can be Set or
Reset using a single Output instruction. This
feature reduces software requirements in control-
based applications. operation just as if they were
output ports.
• When Port C is being used as status/control for
Port A or B, these bits can be set or reset by
using the Bit Set/Reset.
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Operation Of Different Modes
Operating Modes
• Mode 0 (Basic Input/Output) : This functional configuration
provides simple input and output operations for each of the three
ports. No handshaking is required, data is simply written to or read
from a specific port.
• Mode 0 Basic Functional Definitions:
Two 8-bit ports and two 4-bit ports
Any Port can be input or output
Outputs are latched
Input are not latched
16 different Input/Output configurations possible
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Mode 1 - (Strobed Input/Output) : This functional configuration
provides a means for transferring I/O data to or from a specified port
in conjunction with strobes or “hand shaking” signals. In mode 1, port
A and port B use the lines on port C to generate or accept these
“hand shaking” signals.
Mode 1 Basic Function Definitions:
(i) Two Groups (Group A and Group B)
(ii) Each group contains one 8-bit port and one 4-bit control/data
port
(iii) The 8-bit data port can be either input or output. Both inputs
and outputs are latched.
(iv) The 4-bit port is used for control and status of the 8-bit port.
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Mode 2 Basic Functional Definitions :
(i) Used in Group A only
(ii) One 8-bit, bi-directional bus Port (Port A)
and a 5-bit control Por t (Por t C)
(iii) Both inputs and outputs are latched
(iv)The 5-bit control port (Port C) is used for
control and status for the 8-bit, bi-directional bus
port (Por t A)
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