SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL

Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines

Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Lack Unlock: Academic Coping Strategies of Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) Students from the Dearth of Electronic Resources

A Research Project
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
San Carlos City, Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Practical Research I

Martin, Krystel Ann A.

Cabanilla, Nemiah P.
Sabado, Gerlie S.
Malicdem, Mc Donald G.
Posadas, Liz Christopher J.

March 2019

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In today’s world, Technology has been gradually integrated into the global

education system over the years. Modern Technology and Education have changed

significantly in the last twenty years. One of the main reasons education has undergone

so many changes is because of technological development.

In today's’ society, the impact of technology has played a vital role in every realm

of everyday life and with that, education is no exception. Information and

communications technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms around the world at an

exceedingly rapid pace. In the wake of this influx, technology ushers in fundamental

structural changes that can be integral to achieving significant improvements in

productivity. Although technology is finally being integrated into education, its use for

teaching and learning remains a challenge. And despite the fact that many schools today

are privileged to have ready access technology, trained teachers, and a favorable policy

environment, the use of technology in the classroom is still low. (Joyce Waddell, 2015).

Thus, the emergence of technology has a profound impact on the educational

landscape of our society. Technological advancements in studying and assessment have

made it possible for learning institutions to become more effective and efficient. Students

do not have to use old and outdated textbooks anymore as there are millions of digital and

online learning materials available today. More electronic resources enable the student to

have better learning. Fewer resources make them hard to cope up in class. The way we

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

use technology has completely transformed the way we live our lives. Educators, too,

have seen firsthand the benefits of technology in the classroom. According to a study by

IT Trade Association CompTIA released last August 13, 2015, around 75 percent of

educators think that technology has a positive impact on the education process. Educators

also recognize the importance of developing these technological skills in students so they

will be prepared to enter the workforce once they complete their schooling.

Technology can provide differentiation in the classroom, giving all students the

opportunity for success by allowing them to work through projects or concepts at their

own pace. Technology can give help to disabled students or students with learning

disabilities. And it can also easily enrich the advanced student. Due to this, several

studies have examined the effects of various technology resources like mobile phones,

(Maher, & Orlando, 2018) and laptops (Zheng, 2016) in the students learning.

Electronic resources are learnings which are needed by the students in school as

we sail through the 21st century; technology in the classroom is becoming more and more

predominant. The impact that technology has had on today's school has been quite

significant. This widespread adoption of technology has completely changed how

teachers teach and how students learn. But owning or having access to technology is

usually only a first step. Even more important is learning how to use it. This is one of the

biggest challenges facing anyone who wishes to have or use electronic tools because

knowledge is always easy to acquire. Many people, of course, are highly skilled in

computer technology and know how to teach themselves to do almost anything but many

other people have limited computer skills, electronic resources and not having internet

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

are easily intimidated by new unfamiliar tasks, and tend to avoid doing anything that

requires them to learn something very different from the thing which they are

accustomed. Damian Maher (2018) stated that a mobile phone serves many important

functions. One includes the phones provision of a link between the students and their

parents, which has an important role to play in ensuring their safety. The other shows

medical apps are important to support the health of young people, such as managing

diabetes, and other apps that need to be accessed during school hours. Digital literacy is a

critical aspect of young people’s schooling and research shows mobile phones can play a

role in supporting such learning. It’s important that students learn with these devices so

they can effectively participate in school, and it is also important to educate children to

live well in the era in which they are growing up. A good education for students today

knows how to use technology to learn, communicate and work with ideas. There is a

significant research that shows selective, quality and empowering uses of technology

provides new learning opportunities and the ability for students to develop skills they will

need for their careers. (Joanne Orlando, 2018). Mobile phones help students to continue

to learn off-campus, later in life in their tertiary education, and in their professional

learning.

While it may seem like almost everyone has internet access, a shocking number of

families lack fast or reliable internet connections. There are roughly 5 million households

with school-age children who don’t have internet access at home. That means millions of

students are being left behind. Here are many ways that a lack of internet access can

affect a student’s academic performance. Students without internet can’t connect with

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

teachers or classmates, do independent research, or get online homework help. For

families, not having internet access can mean missing out on information or losing out on

a direct line of communication with schools and teachers. Lack of reliable, high-speed

internet will only make the so-called achievement gap wider. Now low-income and

minority students may also have to fight against the gap between students with internet

access and those without. This new inequality is often called the digital divide, and it is a

growing problem in education. Who exactly are these students without internet access? In

2015, the Pew Research Center analyzed data from studies on internet access and found

that the problem is mainly in low-income families. Among households with an annual

income under 1 million, 31.4% don’t have internet access. For households with an annual

income over 1million, the number is much smaller—only 8.4% lack access to the

internet. In the last several years, schools across different countries have experimented

with providing each student with a laptop to facilitate learning. BinbinZheng (2016)

looked at nearly 100 studies of the use of laptops in the classroom, known as “one on one

computing environments.” The research found that when schools provided students with

laptops for use in the classroom and at home, learning improved in a number of subjects.

Students received more feedback on their writing, edited and revised their papers more

often, drew on a wider range of resources to write, and published or shared their work

with others more often. Many educators who have been using laptops in the classroom

have already discovered the advantage of this versatile tool.

However, while this sounds like a great idea in the digital age, many people think

that this is a bit ill-timed. Despite the higher budget allocations from the government, the

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

state of education in the Philippines still lags compared to our Southeast Asian neighbors.

Longstanding problems such as lack of resources and poor infrastructure all contribute to

our consistent poor performance. A large number of schools in the country, mostly the

public ones still have no basic internet connection and computer laboratories. That being

said, today's’ reality is that basic technology and internet access are missing in the lives

of the majority of local low-income public students. Many have no computers at home,

mobile phones, internet, and the technical conditions at their schools are typically

abysmal.

Students believe that technology helps them retain information better. It is in this

light that the purpose of this study is to determine the academic coping strategies of

Grade 11 STEM students of Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School

(SEPNAS) from the dearth of electronic resources, and use it to help the other students on

how they will overcome the same situation and to inform students who lack electronic

resources the ways on students stand up in class.

Statement of the Problem

Students that are taking STEM education in their senior high school are basically

experiencing a hard life. Lessons are spread on the internet even the questions that you

have in your mind can be solved in just a second through the internet, but how about those

students who don’t have enough money to purchase one of the electronic resources? That's

why we, the researchers, formulated and found the answers to the following queries:

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

1.) How do students who use their personal electronic equipment differ from those who

have of such in terms of study habits?

2.) What are the efforts of those students who have electronic resources help their

classmates?

3.) What are the disadvantages/-¬advantages of those who use electronic devices to

optimizing their academic outcome?

4.) For those students who don’t have any of the electronic resources, how do they cope up

with their classmates in the academic outcome?

Significance of the Study

The study we conducted find out the means in maximizing oneself from the dearth

of electronic resources and the coping tactics of those who don’t possess electronic

resources on their academic outcome in Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural

School(SEPNAS). The result of this study is beneficial to STEM students who don’t have

electronic resources and to those students who possess their personal electronic resources

because this can furnish empirical information as bases for knowing the difference of

having and not having electronic resources in terms of study habits.

The result of this research will help the STEM students who lack electronic

resources to surmount the scarcity of electronic resources and guide them to cope up on

their studies.

This study will also benefit the STEM students who possess electronic resources

because it will give them information about the advantages and disadvantages of using

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

electronic devices in optimizing their academic outcome. This paper will also encourage

them to make an effort in supporting their classmates who don’t possess electronic

resources.

We, the researchers, also hope that the result of this study would also be a great

help to future researchers and to all future STEM students who are interested to know more

about academic coping strategies in the absence of electronic resources.

Scope and Delimitation

The study is phenomenology in nature and focused on Grade 11 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students of Speaker Eugenio Perez

National Agricultural School (SEPNAS).

The research sample is composed of (27) STEM A and (26) STEM B students.

Interview is used as the primary data gathering method in this study so that the researchers

could determine the informants' perspective of possessing resources and what coping

strategies do the students make in terms of academic from the state of not having enough

electronic resources. And for those students that have such resources, what's their coign of

vantage and how do they differ in terms of study habits from those students experiencing

scarcity in electronic resources and what's their way of helping them to cope up.

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods of research used in the study. It also includes the

sources of data such as the locale of the study, population sampling, instrumentation and

tools for data analysis that has been utilized to treat the data.

Research Design

The researcher used the phenomenology type of Research Design. Phenomenology

is an approach linked with a distinctive set of methods and procedure that is useful in

seizing, examining and finding meaning in one’s everyday existence (Guest, Namey and

Mitchell, 2013). The goal of phenomenological studies is to describe the "lived experiences

and lived human relations or being in the world of people", that are of interest to the

researcher (Denzin, 1989). Phenomenology type of research design is the most useful for

this study, considering that the researchers shall focus on the present situation (how)

regarding the topic of coping up in class from the dearth of electronic resources.

It is well known that when student lacks electronic resources such as laptops, smart

phones, printers at home and digitized lessons. Although a large amount of money is

needed to be these resources, Student sufferings from the dearth of electronic resources can

be minimized through effective strategies on how to cope up in class.

Since the researchers are concerned with the academic coping strategies of STEM

students, the researchers used phenomenology as the qualitative research approach that

facilitates understanding human experiences about the study. This approach is used in this

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

study because the participants in this study lack in electronic resources for them to cope

with their studies, wherein students nowadays cannot do their homework, projects and

activities without these electronic resources.

The researchers chose the STEM students as their participants in this study because

some of the lack in electronic resources that make them push harder to cope up with their

classmates and to make good grades despite the deficiency in electronic resources.

Duration and Locale of the Study

This study conducted during the last week of February until the end of March at

Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School.

In 1900s a primary school was established in consonance with the educational

policy of the early American. The school was first house in a provincial building in Cava

St. but was later transferred to the Tribunal Building, former Presidencia, (now the City

Hall) where classes were held up to 1915. Seeing the need for a vocational school to exploit

the vast natural resources, the Philippine Legislature changed the name of the school which

was then called the San Carlos Farm School in 1914. The government bought out thirteen

and a half first class land in Salcedo St. (now Roxas Blvd.). Thus, began the pioneer

establishment of the Farm School. The old name Farm School was then changed to Rural

High School in 1928.

In 1956, the school was selected as one of the Regional Community Development

and Training Centers, and was also selected as a training center for off-campus teachers

form the college of U.P. and later on the Central Luzon State University and Mountain

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

State Agricultural College. By virtue of a bill sponsored by Angel B. Fernandez of the

second district of Pangasinan, the name of the school was again changed to Speaker

Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School in 1964, and became well-known today as

SEPNAS. As the time passed by, SEPNAS continued to grow and gained many

achievements. In 1974, the new two year course Agriculture Technician Course was

offered. The year after that, the school was selected as one of the Seed Production Centers

in the country. And in 1976, SEPNAS was the only surviving center and has been the model

center of Region 1.

At present, the Senior High School department was integrated in consonance with

the K-12 program of the government. There are new buildings and properly ventilated

classrooms designated for the senior students. There are toilets, lavatory facilities as well

as water facilities in every building. Covered walks are also constructed to protect the

students from inclement weather when going from one building to another.

SEPNAS has a total land area of 35 hectares, and has more than 4000 junior high

school students and nearly 2000 senior high school students, making it the biggest public

school in San Carlos City.

Population and Participants

The researchers decided to interview the Grade 11- Science Technology

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students of Speaker Eugenio Perez National

Agricultural School (SEPNAS) as their participants. There are about 53 students enrolled

in SEPNAS, 27 of which are from Grade 11 STEM-A and 26 are from Grade 11 STEM-

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

B. The ideal informants for this study are those students who suffer from dearth of

electronic resources and also those students who have such resources.

The researchers intentionally chose their informants to make sure they are ideal

participants of the study. The researchers chose the informants through criterion sampling.

A type of sampling wherein the researcher reviews and studies cases who met some pre-

determined criterion (inclusion-exclusion criteria) while the informants should meet the

criterion that the researchers were looking for. The point of this type of sampling is to be

sure to understand cases that are likely to be information-rich because they may reveal

major system weaknesses that become targets of opportunity for program or system

improvement.

The researchers interviewed six females and one male, all enrolled in Grade11,

where in three were qualified as those who have electronic resources and four were in those

who suffer from the dearth of electronic resources.

Informant 1 was given the pseudonym Drell, a 17 year-old male who lived in Brgy.

Palaris San Carlos City.

Informant 2 is a 17 year-old female who is grade11 STEM-A, who suffer from the

dearth of electronic resources we the researchers named her Jaja.

Informant 3 is a 17 year-old female who is grade11 STEM-A, who suffer from the

dearth of electronic resources we the researchers named her Olaf.

Informant 4 is a 16 year-old female who is grade11 STEM-A, who have electronic

resources, we the researchers named her Yazh.

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Informant 5 is a 17 year-old female who is grade11 STEM-B who have electronic

resources who lived in Brgy. Tarece San Carlos City Pangasinan, we the researchers named

her Azel.

Informant 6 is a 17 year-old female who is grade11 STEM-A, who suffer from the

dearth of electronic resources we the researchers named her Olaf.

Informant 7 is a 17 year-old female who is grade11 STEM-A, who suffer from the

dearth of electronic resources we the researchers named her Germs.

Materials and Procedure

The interview or direct method is the main instrument that is used in this study. It

is a data gathering device wherein the interviewer gets the needed data or information from

the informants verbally and directly in a face to face contact. The researchers prepared a

set of predefined semi-structured questions. They will design an interview guides to

generate answers that emphasize the strategies of the Grade 11 STEM students who lack

in electronic resources and who encounter learning problems.

Acquiring all the spoken words by making a written copy is difficult to do during

the actual interview. Because of this, the researchers used a recording device to help them

in gathering the statements of the informants. These interviews were transcribed to prepare

them for data analysis.

Permits are secured from the authorities before conducting data collection. The

researchers seek permission from the principal of the research site and the consent of the

Grade 11 STEM students before conducting the interview upon the approval of the

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

principal. The interviews were conducted in a well-mannered way, and the objectives of

the study were explained before conducting data collection.

The interviewers asked and inform the interviewees that there would be a recording

device that will record every statements or information that they will say. The

confidentiality of the information gathered and the protection of their rights as the

informants will be considered in this study. The informants may discontinue participating

at any time and are free to withdraw at any stage of the study. The gathered data from the

interview were summarized and were included in the preliminary data analysis.

Certain procedures followed by the researchers while conducting the data collection for

this study:

1. Securing authorization. The letter is set seeking for approval of the school principal

that will allow the researchers to interview the qualified informants from the students

enrolled in her school jurisdiction.

2. Knowing the informants' brief background. Identifying the necessary background

information about the informants is the researcher's first task to know if they can be

qualified as the study’s informants

3. Proving interview consent. The researchers will ask the participants about the interview

by giving printed permission. The consent contains essential information for the informants

to know.

4. Securing the confidentiality. As part of the researchers’ obligation, the interviewees

guaranteed the confidentiality of their privacy. The researchers will assure them that any

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

information recorded will not be shared with the public. The researchers will ask the

Informants if revealing their names in this study if fine for them.

5. Preparing the instruments. The researchers prepared questions that will be used for the

interview. The researchers will remind the interviewee that the recording device (cellular

phone) will be used in the interview.

6. Informing about the transcript. The researcher will inform them that a transcript would

be provided for clarification and amendment.

7. Starting the interview. The researchers will make the informant chill for the interview

for them to answer correctly and ease up nervousness. The researchers will then start the

interview by asking the informants questions related to this study.

8. Taking notes carefully. The researcher will not only record but also listen carefully and

took down the essential information in case of environments noise.

9. Validating the instrument. The validation of the recording will check after the interview.

The researchers will begin to construct by the transcript after validating the recording. The

data gathered will be analyzed and interpreted, and we will formulate themes that will serve

as the answers to the research problems.

Data Analysis

The researchers used thematic analysis in the treatment of data. Thematic analysis

is the process of identifying patterns or themes within qualitative data. Braun & Clarke

(2006) suggest that it is the first qualitative method that should be learned as ‘...it provides

core skills that will be useful for conducting many other kinds of analysis’ (p.78). This is

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

perfect for both novice and expert qualitative researchers because the steps are easy to

follow but meticulous enough to generate meaningful findings from the data.

The data were gathered through audio-recorded interviews. The data gathered were

construed and write out to facilitate analysis of textual data. Each line of transcribed data

(segments) will allocate a momentous code base on the meaning or context of each

segment. In doing so, research sub-problems will be kept and sustained.

Using inductive method, the codes were classified into relevant categories that are

aligned to the goals or purposes of this study. This will rely on inductive reasoning, which

themes emerge from the raw data through repeated examination and comparison that will

make the categories exhaustive, mutually exclusive, sensitizing and conceptually relevant.

Using deductive method, the categories were grouped and regrouped into minor

and major subthemes until only a single theme do as many as seven themes at most emerge.

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Chapter III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the analyses and interpretations of the data obtained in the

study and discusses an in-depth exploration of the research problem. Its findings were

based on the data gathered through the transcript of interview from the informants. Those

data were then analyzed to be presented, discussed and interpreted and emerged as the

themes that serve as answers to the research phenomenon at hand.

Results

Table 1 presents the themes of the students without electronic resources that came

about from the data after doing careful analysis.

Theme 1: Not having an electronic device improves senses.

Eventually, not having an electronic device improves all the senses a person needs

for his surroundings. According to informant Germs, the inability of having a phone

reduces distraction while studying. She stated, “nakikinig na lang ako sa ano, ano sa

teachers instead na mag cellphone during discussion tapos sa bahay review na rin kasi

wala namang laptop para manood or something, wala ring internet, wala ng facebook,

wala ng distraction.” (During discussion, instead of using a phone, I’ll just listen to the

teachers, and then at home, I’ll just review (my notes) also, because there is no laptop to

entertain me or something, there’s also no internet, no facebook, no distraction.) She also

stated that having a phone reduces a person’s time to interact with one another. “Oo

parang mas marami kasing time sa akin, mas marami silang time sa akin na makipag

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

kwentuhan, kasi yung isa diyan nakatutok sa cellphone kaya parang wala kaming time sa

isat-isa ganun.” (Yeah, it’s like they have more time for me. They have more time to

engage in a conversation. Because there is this certain person who’s always focused on

her phone that we don’t have enough time for each other, like that.)

While according to informant Olaf, not having a phone makes a person’s mental

health stable. She said, “Ah, ano. Maaga akong natutulog ganun. Tas nakakapagreview

nang maayos. Nakakapagsulat ganun. Mas maganda yung takbo ng utak.” (I can sleep

early, and I can also review well. My thoughts are more aligned.). In addition to these she

said that, not having a phone will make you care about your surroundings. “Kasi para

sakin nagreretain yun sa utak ko, ganun. Tapos parang mas maganda yung buhay kasi

may pakialam ka sa surroundings mo. Kasi kapag may gadget ka, parang nakafocus ka

lang sa bagay na yun eh.” (But for me I preferred take down notes because it will retain

on your mind and have a care to your surroundings. Because having a gadget will only

get your full attention and focus.)

Theme 2: Hard time accessing information

Living in a world where every information can be accessed online is hard

especially for those who do not possess the appropriate gadgets needed for connecting to

the world. Thus, the informants proved this statement right with the following subthemes:

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Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Subtheme 1: gifted with a fast techy teacher

Most of the informants stated a clear fact that they are gifted with a fast techy

teacher, which disabled them to properly cope with the lessons. Informant Germs uttered,

“ano nahihirapan akong mag cope sa lessons kasi maraming teacher digitally ano na

sila, techy na din sila, madalas ng notes, o send send na lang kaya nahihirapan akong i-

access yung mga sinisend nila through messenger kasi wala kaming wifi tas kahit may

cellphone ako napakahina ng signal sa bahay namin, kaya kahit ano, ano di pa rin ako

makapag online.” (I’m having a hard time coping with our lessons because many

teachers today are digitally… they are also techy Most of the time, notes are just being

sent (online), that’s why I’m having a hard time accessing those files they sent through

messenger because we don’t have a Wi-Fi. And even though I have a phone, the signal in

our house is very slow that I still can’t have an access online.) She emphasized her

statement by supporting it with another statement. “ano mas may advantage yung may

gadgets ka kasi kapag sa notes may teachers na mabilis magsalita, may mga notes kang

hindi nakukuha, yung kulang-kulang yung notes mo kaya--- pero kapag may gadget ka

pictures na lang, pasend na lang dito ganun.” (Those who have gadgets have more

advantage, because when you’re taking down notes, you can’t write all the necessary

information, especially when the teacher is fast. But when you have a gadget, photos are

enough or just let your classmates send it (lesson) to you.) She also stated that the lack of

electronic device while having a techy teacher has a negative effect on her. She said,

“Negative? Yun nga nahihirapan akong mag cope-up lalo na sa mga techy na teachers.”

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

(Negative? Of course, just like what I have said, I’m having a hard time coping,

especially with those techy teachers.)

Informant Vivi said, “Syempre tuwing may lessons tapos powerpoint

presentations yung ginagamit minsan hindi ako nakakasunod tsaka ano hindi din ako

nakakapagreview minsan kasi masyadong mabilis yung slides hindi ko nasusulat kaagad

ganun.” (Of course, if there are many lessons or discussions and they use PowerPoint

presentations, sometimes I can't follow and I cannot review the lessons because

sometimes they are switching the slides quickly that I cannot write it down.)

Subtheme 2: The absence leading to outdatedness

Evidently, most of the information we know today came from the internet. Thus,

what’s ‘in’ and what’s ‘out’ is dependent on its trends. But with the absence of needed

electronic resources, accessing those information is hard and it’s causing them to be

outdated. Informant Germs stated an experience that proved this statement, she said, “Oo,

nung kay (name), kasi ang gawain nun, ano mag-post ka ng video eh wala akong--- that

time wala pa akong cellphone na pang-video wala pang internet. Hindi ko pa alam yung

post-post na kung ano-ano, kasi kailangan gumawa ka ng page eklabush. Hindi ko pa

alam yung mga bagay na yun kasi hindi ako updated, hindi siya techy.” (Yes, there is this

one time with (name), our task to do was to, you need to post a video (online), and I don’t

have--- that time I don’t have a phone that can be used to take a video yet, nor an internet

connection. I also don’t know the post-post thing that needs the creation of a (facebook)

page eklabush. I do not know those things because I am not updated, it’s not techy.)

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Informant Olaf supported informant Germs statement by the words, “Kapag may

pinasa sila sa.. through... sa... online... through… Sa gc! Ganun. Hindi ako updated.

Tapos kapag may sinabing biglaang quiz, magrereview kayo para bukas. Ako pang yung

late ganun. Tas rush. Di ko nadadownload yung mga pdf ganun.” (In studying, when the

lessons are given online. I am not updated to any announcements like when there is a

quiz or assignment. I can’t download the lessons that were sent online.)

Subtheme 3: Relying on other people’s reviewer is hard

Students who lacks in electronic resources tends to use or borrow such things to their

classmates or friends. Based from the interview of Hannah Bless, studying from others

personal gadget is difficult. According to her, “Ano mahirap minsan kasi ano kapag ano

mahirap kasi diba nakikigamit kalang? Paano kapag ano yung kailangan talaga nila?

Kaya misan hindi din ako napapahiram kaya mahirap talaga. Mas madali para sa’kin

yung sa akin mismo, yung ako mismo yung gumagawa kasi mas maiitindihan ko iyon.”

(It’s hard sometimes because when it’s hard because you're just borrowing. What if they

also need it? So sometimes I cannot borrow so it is hard.)

According to Olaf, same as Hannah bless stated, studying or reviewing on to

others belongingness makes difficulty. As Olaf stated,” Oo. Mahirap kasi, ano. Lalo na

kapag mabilis siyang tumingin ganun. Tas ako, gusto kong basahin ng paulit-ulit ganun.

Ano, tas mahirap makigamit sa iba kasi syempre, kapag iba din yung paraan niya ng

pagrereview iba din yung sakin ganun. Parang ganun.” (Yes it’s difficult especially

when he/she is a fast reader while me on the other side wants to read it over and over

21
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

again. And it would be bothersome to him/her especially when we don’t share a common

reviewing strategy.)

Theme 3: Study Techniques

Different study techniques were extracted from the interview in which the

confirmability of the answers were easily attained.

Subtheme 1: Seeking help at electronically equipped individuals

We are living in society where a person can’t live by himself. And in this day of

modern technology, seeking help from different individuals, and establishments is easy.

Thus, most of the interviewees came out with the same coping strategies, and going to a

computer shop, purchasing a telecommunication company’s promo, having access from

their neighbor’s Wi-Fi, and borrowing their classmate’s phones are their ways to suffice

for what they lack. Informant Olaf said, “Kapag mag-aaral ako ano, bago umuwi

pupunta muna sa computer shop o kaya lagi akong nagtetake-down notes. Yun yung

buhay ko.” (If I'm studying, I'll go to a computer shop first before going home, or I'll

always take down notes. That's my life.) In addition to this she also said that purchasing a

promo with data is also one of her study techniques. She uttered, “Minsan kung kailangan

kong... Kung may kailangan akong isearch, yung iloload ko isasama ko na rin yung

pang-internet. Pero kapag wala, more on sa text and calls lang.” (sometimes, if

something needs to be searched online, I'll purchase a promo with data. But if none, I'm

more into texting and calling.)

22
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

While according to Informant Germs, she would also go to a computer shop, or

have access on their neighbor’s Wi-Fi. She said, “oo disadvantage yun para sa akin kasi,

time consuming siya, kasi kapag may projects ganun kailangan ko pang pumunta sa mga

computer shop, kailangan pang pumunta sa kapitbahay para maka-access ng wifi,

instead na kapag mayroon akong sarili ko mas mapapabilis yung paggawa kapag

mayroong…” (Yeah, it’s a disadvantage for me because, it’s time-consuming. When I

have a project like that, I need to go to a computer shop, or go to our neighbor just to

have a wifi access. Instead of… when I have my own (electronic resources), I can do it

faster.)

Informant Vivi also stated that going to a computer shop is also one of her coping

strategies. When asked about what strategies she is doing when she needs to search for

her assignments, she said, “Ano pumupunta nalang sa pinakamalapit na computer shop.”

(I will go to the nearest computer shop.) On the other hand, she also borrows learning

materials from her friends who have a free access over the net. She said, “Ano kapag

halimbawa yung mga kaklase ko meron silang notes gamit yung phones nila ‘pag tapos

na silang magsulat or tapos na silang magreview ganun ano nakikigamit ako ng

cellphone nila tas ano ginagamit ko din dun nalang din ako nagrereview pagkatapos

nila.” (for example, if my classmates have notes on their phones and they are already

finished in note-taking or in reviewing I will borrow there phones and I will use it and I

will review the lesson on their phones when they are finished.)

Lastly, Informant Jaja tend to also go on a computer shop to have her files

printed. When asked about her ways in helping herself, she said, “ano magpapaprint ako

23
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

sa mga computer shop, ganun ba yung ibig mong sabihin?” (I will go to a computer shop

to have my files printed, is that what you’re implying?)

Subtheme 2: Making customized materials and taking notes

Making customized materials and taking notes during discussions are the ways of

the four informants. Writing or making your own notes is more effective when studying

than using electronic devices. According to Olaf, “Most of them are not taking down

notes but for me I preferred take down notes because it will retain on your mind.” As well

as for Vivi, she uttered, “Maybe the difference is you will understand it more when you

are making your own notes compared to the notes that are made by your classmates.”

And according to Jaja, “For me, I would still choose writing because you can… if you

have notes, the keyword is there. You can read it easily”

Subtheme 3: Use of other resources (books)

Using of other resources or references like books is also a study technique because

according to Olaf, “because there are many resources that I can use aside from gadgets.

For me, it is much better.”

According to Jaja,” Actually, it’s fine with me. Because you can also read. There

are many books available at our house, so for me it’s easier to find information when

you’re reading, and it’s more reliable.”

24
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Theme 4: Feeling of being in a lower level

Two of the informants not only sympathize themselves for not having electronic

resources but also those who share the same situation as them. Germs uttered,”Parang

hindi naman naaawa yung tamang term pero, marami kasing disadvantage ang ano,

parang hindi naaawa yung term pero parang ganun. Hindi ko mahanap yung term. It’s

ineffable---ay!” (Pity is not the right term but, not having any electronic gadget has many

disadvantages, pity is not the term but it’s like that. I can’t find the right term. It’s

ineffable--- ay!)

And also, according to Vivi, seeing some of her classmates getting low scores due

to the lack of electronic device made her sympathize them. She uttered, "Sa mga katulad

ko din? Oo, yung ano yung ibang kaklase ko na wala ding gadgets ganun kasi may mga

ibang mga kaklase din ako na hindi talaga palasulat, hindi din sila nagrereview ganun,

kaya minsan naaawa kasi mababa yung nakukuha nila sa quizzes o sa exam kasi ayon."

(For those who are like me? Yes, some of my classmates who do not have gadgets

because some of classmates that they are not fond of writing, so they cannot review, so

sometimes I feel pity towards them because they are getting a lower score in quizzes or

exams.) In addition to this, she implied that not having any electronic device made them

feel like being casted out. "Ano, kapag nagsusulat kami, yung, yung mga walang

cellphone parang kami-kami lang din yung magkakasama na nagsusulat” (When we are

writing, we, who do not have cellphones it’s like we are the only one who are writing

notes.)

25
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Table 1. Thematic Analysis of Collected Data on Academic Coping Strategies of

STEM Students from dearth of electronic resources and the translated statements of

the informants from where themes were derived.

THEME TRANSLATED RESPONSES

Not having an electronic  During discussion, instead of using a phone, I’ll
just listen to the teachers, and then at home, I’ll
device improves senses. just review (my notes) also, because there is no
laptop to entertain me or something, there’s also
no internet, no Facebook, no distraction.
 Yeah, it’s like they have more time for me. They
have more time to engage in a conversation.
Because there is this certain person who’s always
focused on his/her phone that we don’t have
enough time for each other, like that.
 I can sleep early, and I can also review well. My
thoughts are more aligned
 And have a care to your surroundings. Because
having a gadget will only get your full attention
and focus.

Hard time accessing  I’m having a hard time coping with our lessons
information because many teachers today are digitally… they
are also techy Most of the time, notes are just
-gifted with a fast techy being sent (online), that’s why I’m having a hard
time accessing those files they sent through
teacher messenger because we don’t have a Wi-Fi. And
even though I have a phone, the signal in our
-the absence leading to house is very slow that I still can’t have an access
online.
outdatedness  Yeah, because I can also see it through my
classmates that it’s easy, for them it is easy in a
-relying on other people’s way that when a file was sent today, they can have
reviewer is hard notes for tomorrow. They can easily cope with
the… (lessons).
 Negative, of course, just like what I have said, I’m
having a hard time coping, especially with those
techy teachers.
 Yes, there is this one time with (name), our task to
do was to, you need to post a video (online), and I
don’t have--- that time I don’t have a phone that

26
SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

can be used to take a video yet, nor an internet

connection. I also don’t know the post-post thing
that needs the creation of a (facebook) page
eklabush. I do not know those things because I am
not updated, it’s not techy.
 Those who have gadgets have more advantage,
because when you’re taking down notes, you can’t
write all the necessary information, especially
when the teacher is fast.
 No (it’s not easy), because sometimes they’re also
reviewing. They’re also using it that’s why they
can’t lend it to me. There are times that I don’t
get the chance to review.
 However, some of them (teachers) are not writing
on the board anymore, they’ll just send it (online).
There are also teachers that’s always using
PowerPoint presentations.
 Nowadays, cellphones are not just ‘wants’ it’s
slowly becoming the ‘needs’ of a student. And just
like what I have said before, I’ve been saying it
again and again, if the teacher is techy, those
students who have complete resources are more
advantageous. They can easily have an access
online to get the notes and reviewers. They can
easily cope with the lessons. Because instead of
writing manually, they can easily understand the
lesson because the only thing they need to do is to
listen to the teacher. They don’t need to stress
themselves in note-taking.
 Of course, if there are any lessons or discussions
and they use PowerPoint presentations,
sometimes I can't follow and I cannot review the
lessons because sometimes they are switching the
slides quickly that I cannot write it down
 It’s hard sometimes because when it’s hard
because you're just borrowing. What if they also
need it? So sometimes I cannot borrow so it is
hard.

 Yes it’s difficult especially when he/she is a fast

reader while me on the other side wants to read it
over and over again. And it would be bothersome

27
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

to him/her especially when we don’t share a

common reviewing strategy.
 In studying, when the lessons are given online. I
am not updated to any announcements like there
is a quiz or assignment. I can’t download the
lessons that were sent online.
 For example, when sending projects, if you don’t
have a Wi-Fi how can you send it? You’ll wait for
how many days until you can pass it.
 It’s quite easy, but if we’re talking about those
discussed topics, for example the thing said by the
teacher, you can’t capture what they’re saying, or
what.

Study techniques  It’s a disadvantage for me because, it’s time-

consuming. When I have a project like that, I need
- Seeking Help at to go to a computer shop, or go to our neighbor
just to have a wifi access. Instead of… when I
Electronically Equipped have my own (electronic resources), I can do it
faster.
Individuals  Yes, I’m doing it (making flashcards).
 for example, if my classmates have notes on their
- Making customized phones and they are already finished in note-
taking or in reviewing I will borrow there phones
materials and taking notes and I will use it and I will review the lesson on
their phones when they are finished
- Use of other resources  I will go to the nearest computer shop.
 It is easier for me because I am the one who is
(books) making it (notes) and I can understand it well.
 Maybe the difference is you will understand it
more when you are making your own notes
compared to the notes that are made by your
classmates.)
 If I'm studying, I'll go to a computer shop first
before going home, or I'll always take down notes.
That's my life
 Sometimes, if something needs to be searched
online, I'll purchase a promo with data. But if
none, I'm more into texting and calling
 No. because there are many resources that I can
use aside from gadgets. For me, it is much better

28
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

 Most of them are not taking down notes but for me

I preferred take down notes because it will retain
on your mind
 Actually, it’s fine with me. Because you can also
read. There are many books available at our
house, so for me it’s easier to find information
when you’re reading, and it’s more reliable.
 But because we don’t have things like that, I’ll
just use a book.
 I will go to a computer shop to have my files
printed
 So it is still better to use writing.
 For me, I would still choose writing because you
can… if you have notes, the keyword is there. You
can read it easily
 Just like for example, in the subjects that I am
having a hard time with, in math like that, what I
am doing is, when I don’t understand the lesson, I
would search videos in YT, I am watching tutorials.
And also, for the others that I don’t understand, I’ll
search it in Google. So it’s important because
when you search for it, you can immediately see all
the information that you need.

Feeling of being on a lower  Pity is not the right term but, (not having any
electronic gadget) has many disadvantages, pity
level is not the term but it’s like that. I can’t find the
right term. It’s ineffable--- ay!
 When we are writing, we, who do not have
cellphones it’s like we are the only one who are
writing notes.)
 For those who are like me? Yes, some of my
classmates who do not have gadgets because
some of classmates that they are not fond of
writing, so they cannot review, so sometimes I feel
pity towards them because they are getting a
lower score in quizzes or exams.

Here are the additional themes from the responses of the students with electronic

resources that was extracted from the data after doing careful analysis.

29
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Theme 1: Instant learning and broader knowledge because of the use of electronic

resources

The three informants believes that studying is more effective with the influence of

gadgets for it makes studying easier compared before. Informant Drell said that, “Feeling

ko mas effective yung pag-aaral ko with the influence of these gadgets kasi unlike dati

limited lang yung pagrereviewhan mo, dati kasi gumagawa pa ako ng reviewer ko,

nagsusulat pa ako, pero on that case limited lang yung information na nakukuha ko

nagrerely kana lang dun sa notes mo lang but for the use of electronic gadgets the

information is very vast kaya mong magserach ng kahit na ano related sa lessons. Pano

pag oneday, yung teacher mo nagpaquiz nang medyo natouch yung topic pero it relies ng

parang advance ng konti so yun magiging advantage ko yun kasi yung information sa

web or sa net mas broad, mas universal, marami, unlike dati na nakafocus lang ako sa

kung ano lang ang nakalagay sa notes ko. Mas yung knowledge ko mas nagiging

malaman, mas nagiging maraming laman yung utak ko dahil sa electronic devices kaya

para para saakin mas effective yung study habits ko, mas effective yung pag-aaral ko

nung dumating na saamin yung mga electronic resources as compared dati.” (I think, my

studying is more effective with the influence of these gadgets, because unlike before

where I only have limited reviewers, back then when I'm still making my own reviewer,

when I'm still writing, the information is limited. But with the use of electronic gadgets,

the information is very vast, you can search for anything related to the lessons. What if

one day, your teacher will give a quiz and it only contains a touch of what has been

taught, but there is more to it. So it would be on my advantage because the information

30
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

on the internet is broader, more universal, there's so many information, unlike before

where I only focus on my notes. My mind is being loaded with new learnings due to the

use of electronic devices. That's why for me my study habits is more effective, my studies

improved when those electronic resources came to our life, compared before.)

Informant Yazh uttered, “mas ano mas napapadali ako ‘pag nag-aaral, saka ano

parang nagiging advantage sa, sa self ko mismo, nagiging ano imbes na ‘ung time ko na

nilalaan ko nababawasan, nagiging napupunta siya sa para sa sarili ko na pang-relax,

sapag-aalaga ng self. Kasi syempre kasi hindi lang mga doon sa ano sa teacher,

maaaring may hindi nasabi ‘ung teacher kaya sinesearch ko nalang at mas nagiging

broad ‘ung mga knowledge na nakukuha mo about sa mga topic.” (It is easier for me to

study and it also becomes advantage for myself, because the time that I'd set for studying

was lessened and I have more time to relax and to nourish myself. There are times that

they might not discuss some topics so I just searched it. The knowledge that I got from

the topics becomes broader.)

According to Azel, “mas madali talaga ngayon kaysa noon syempre pinipicturan

na lang kasi minsan yung mga outlines na lang kaysa yung ang haba haba eh hindi

naman nagagamit diba doing outlines.” (Today, I am just taking pictures instead of

doing outlines. So it is easier as compared before.)

Theme 2: Improvement on one’s study is an improvement for student

Apparently, improving ones study requires electronic resources, the means of

working finds them easy to do school activities with the use/help of electronic resources.

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

According to informant Yazh, “If I have some questions on the topics, if there are some

that I can't understand, or if there's something that I want to know the deeper meaning

just like that, I can search it because there's a Wi-Fi.”

According to another informant Azel, “since right we have Wi-Fi at home, I’m

using our desktop for encoding or for making reviewers and I am also using it to search

on the internet for my needs in other subjects.”

Informant Drell said that “aside from interacting with my friends through social

media, I'm also using it as an avenue for improving my studies or my academics. For

example when I don't understand a topic, for example, let's just say in basic calculus,

most of the topics there is so hard to understand, and there are cases that I don't really

understand the lesson. I'm using our electronic resources in searching the net on so that

I’ll be able to cope up or I can easily cope in our lessons that I can't understand.”

Theme 3: A hand ready to help

The three informants said that they are willing to help their needy classmates.

According to Azel, creating handouts and reviewers for the benefit of the whole is her

way of helping them. She uttered, “Syempre diba parang nakakaawa din so minsan kasi

ang ginagawa ko is gumagawa na lang ako ng reviewer para sa buong section.” (Of

course, sometimes I pity them with that I am doing reviewers for them and for the whole

class).

Informant Drell said, “Somehow naaawa ako sakanila na parang only I could

help them na makacope, or makaano sa electronic devices eh di tutulungan ko sila.”

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 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

(Somehow I feel sympathy towards them, like if only I could help them to cope, or have

access in electronic devices, I will help them wholeheartedly.)

According to Yazh, when someone approaches her to ask for help she will be

willingly help that someone. She uttered, “Syempre kapag may lumalapit sa akin na

kunwari may magchachat sa akin na ano pwedeng paprint ng ganito ganyan, syempre

ginagawa ko para sa kanila pag minsan may nagpapasearch ganon. Kung naman wala

din silang WIFI edi itatype ko yung ano kung ano ung nasearch ko, imbes na picture lang

‘ung isesend ko sakanila kung wala talaga silang WIFI, wala silang pang-view itatype ko

nalang ung mga text.” (I sometimes felt pity for them. Because of course I experienced it

too. Of course when someone approaches me or chats me and ask me to print something

or what, of course I'll do it for them-sometimes someone will ask me to search something

just like that. If they don't have any Wi-Fi then I'll just type whatever I've searched.

Instead of sending just a picture to them, if they don't really have a Wi-Fi and can't view

it, I will just type those text.)

Theme 4: The essence of having electronic resources that leads to being advance as a

student

The essence of having electronic resources in studying are clearly stated by the

three informants. Informant Azel said, “For me, it is important since the teacher’s way of

learning now is through technology. Then there are teachers that are fast in switching

slides from the PowerPoint presentation, that is also the reason why gadgets is important

33
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

for me that I can just search the lesson itself in the internet if ever I missed it or take

pictures of slides quickly so that I can follow.

According to Informant Yazh, “It is very important because it is very hard if you

don't have, as in you really don't have, and it is like so difficult to cope or to get along

with your classmates. Although at least you can, but it's still different if you have and had

at least one of those gadgets.”

As for Informant Drell, “For me, you are being trained to have an advanced mind

as a student, even when you miss a new lesson, you still have an idea, because the

information you saw on the net is very vast, that's why, even though, for example, I

missed a certain lesson, I'll just search for the lesson itself, on that way, I'll have an idea

about the topic that I missed even there's no inputs from the teacher.”

Discussion

Living in the 21st Century, technology has been part of the world. You can see

the products of technology everywhere and it is getting more advanced as time passes by.

Because of that, there are changes in the strategies, approaches, methods that people use

in teaching, or in learning. According to Mccoy, William (2019) students not only have

the technology to help them with their homework, but they also have easy access to

online documents, books or journals while teachers use technology to improve the

effectiveness of their lessons. So people who have electronic resources are more

advanced in their lessons and their productivity are changing. Their study habits are

improving and are effective. They are searching for the lessons that they don't understand

34
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

well and after how many seconds it appears on their screens then they will read, review,

and analyze the lesson until they will understand it.

However, along with the advancements, the growth of people who lacks in

electronic resources is also getting bigger. Because of that, the price of electronic

resources is also getting higher and higher. If the price is high, most of the people cannot

buy it. If students don't have any of the electronic resources there will be no distractions

when studying but the counterpart of it is you don't have enough notes to review maybe

because the teacher is using PowerPoint presentations and they change the slides quickly

so, you will borrow your classmate's notes or phones for you to have notes and to have

knowledge.

Having no electronic resources is very hard. You should think strategies in order

to cope up with your classmates, strategies that will help you to understand the lesson and

that is note-taking. Since you don't have any electronic resources or you do not have

every electronic resource, you can use note-taking. According to Özçakmak, et al. (2019),

note-taking is an act of recording the unknown words or newly learned knowledge in

short notes in order for you to remember. Note-taking can eat your time but it's worth it,

you will be able to remember your notes or lessons because it came from you. Also,

people who have electronic resources will lend a hand to help you in everything.

35
 SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

Chapter IV

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses some literatures and articles pertaining to the customized

study materials, student’s perceptions on the materials and techniques used in studying,

and benefits of these materials to provide a deeper understanding on the interest of this

study.

It is not new for classes to contain basic information that needs to be understood

before learning more complicated concepts or applications, hence, students struggle with

learning facts, terms, or primary concept wherein in some situations, students are even

doubtful about what they must study first. Such common problems of students has

stimulate the interest of researchers to discover effective learning techniques and study

habits that improve students’ learning and workload.

A study by Lindsey, et al., (2014) found out that due to human memory is

deficient, periodic review is essential for the long-term retention of knowledge and skills.

A method of efficient, systematic, personalized review can contribute to individual

differences of psychological theory of memory. Their study found that using a

personalized review material yielded a 10% betterment over-size-fits-all strategy for

spaced study and a 16.5% boost in course of preservation over current educational

practice.

Another benefit derived from using customized study material is that it makes the

studying behavior and materials planned and organized. An article in International

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Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (2019) have

investigated how 86 first-semester African-American college freshmen perceive their

time management, study, and test-preparation habits. The research revealed study

patterns of preference, that students believed they spent sufficient time studying,

crammed materials, were unable to study for long periods, had retention challenges, and

were generally mindful of unsystematic study patterns. They found out that there were

strong relationships between having disorganized study behavior, cramming, and

difficulty in retention of materials.

The identified customized study materials used by students and teachers were

flashcards, which includes summarized and outlined notes, and flash cards.

Note-taking is one of the most known customized study materials most students and

teacher use all over the world. Özçakmak, et al. (2019) stressed in their study that note

taking is an individual's recording of the attraction grabbing, unknown or newly learned

knowledge in brief notes so as to remember afterwards. Also, note taking nowadays is no

longer a routine action for students but seen as a skill. In fact, students do not take note of

all the word being taught in classes but record the knowledge in short notes, sometimes

even shortening the words in a way understandable to them.

Based on a study by Jansen et al. (2017), students are taking notes to test and

improved their capability to remember the information from lectures. One beneficial

effect in taking notes is to further understand the information which is also known as

encoding effect.

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Furthermore, a study by Chang and Ku (2015) investigated the effects of a 5-week

note-taking skills instructional program on note-taking and reading comprehension

performance of 349 fourth-grade students students from 2 elementary schools in Taiwan

wherein their study yielded 2 findings: first, teaching students a note-taking strategy

significantly improved their performance in note taking and reading comprehension, and

second, poor readers showed the greatest gains in note-taking skills with instruction.

Meanwhile, an article in Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research

(2018) defined that flashcards are a well-established educational aid for learning basic

information and has recently evaluated the benefits of using digital flashcards on an

undergraduate engineering class that struggles with the load of things to learn and study.

Students showed an interest in using flashcards in their current class and a willingness to

construct new ones for future classes. Students also were not aware of how useful

flashcard utilization was in their learning process, and it was rare that they used them in

other classes.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows paradigm Academic Coping Strategies of STEM Students from the

Dearth of Electronic Resources

The researcher focused on the Strategies of the students who lack electronic

resources and the Efforts of the student/ ways of helping students who have electronic

resources. The paradigm shows the input-output-outcome-impact illustration. The Input

presents the participant’s electronic resources which includes the Wi-Fi, laptop, cellphones

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and printer. Evidently, Wi-Fi (the most important resources that one can have) and the

instrument that was used which is the interview or direct method through the

phenomenology type of research design. The output shows knowing informant’s

experiences in their school with and without having electronic resources. The outcome

presents how the informants will be able to cope up with the said strategies. The impact

shows how student will acquire the findings in their lives.

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Conceptual Paradigm

INPUT OUTPUT

 Electronic resources of Students

who suffer from the dearth of  To gain insight into students’

 Electronic resources students experience of not having such

who have
electronic resources and to explore
 Interview guide as the main
gathering tool the ways/efforts of techy students

 Utilizing an Audiotape recorder in helping those who suffer.

 Students who suffer from the  Increased knowledge and

IMPACT
dearth of electronic resources strategies on how to cope up in
was able to gain study class.
techniques that will help them  They become better person and
IMPACT OUTCOME
live their lives despite of their gained information that will
condition. help them to improve
 Techy students was able to themselves
provide their willingness to
help

IMPACT OUTCOME

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Chapter V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the entire research process, as well as the

findings, conclusions and the recommendations derived from the implications of the

study.

Summary

This phenomenological study aims to uncover the thoughts of STEM students

who experience the dearth of electronic resources on what academic coping strategies are

effective for producing better results in class. Thorough data analysis and interpretation

of the transcript was used to find out the different study techniques employed by the

Grade 11 STEM students. After the stringent analysis of the data, the findings were

distinguished, and with the help of these findings, recommendations were put into words.

Findings

Eight themes emerged from this study. Four themes for those who don’t have

electronic resources and additional four themes for those who have electronic resources.

Themes for those who don't have electronic resources are: (1) Not having an electronic

device improves senses, (2) Hard time accessing information, with three subthemes

namely: (a) gifted with a fast techy teacher, (b) the absence leading to outdatedness, (c)

relying on other people’s reviewer is hard. (3) Study Techniques, with also three

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subthemes: (a) seeking help at electronically equipped individuals, (b) Making

customized materials and taking notes, (c) Use of other resources (books), and the last

theme is (4) Feeling of being in a lower level.

And the themes for those who have electronic resources are named: (1) Instant

learning and broader knowledge because of the use of electronic resources, (2)

Improvement on one’s study is an improvement for student, (3) A hand ready to help, and

(4) The essence of having electronic resources that leads to being advance as a student.

Conclusion

The use of qualitative methodology was helpful in uncovering the academic

coping strategies employed by the Grade 11 STEM students who lack in electronic

resources to effectively produce better results in class. Comprehensive observations and

interviews were conducted with the informants of the study. It helped the researcher in

exploring how the participants’ study techniques affect their proficiency in class, and

how they have survived STEM, which is considered by many as one of the most difficult

among all the academic strand.

The shared experiences of participants boosted the understanding on how they

have effectively adapted well to all the subjects without much help from technological

resources, how they define STEM without technology, how they endured all the

hardships of being one of the students without gadgets, and how they use these

disadvantages to formulate learning strategies.

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This study has unveiled that students who experienced the dearth of electronic

resources can learn the lessons better and faster than those who possess one, have more

awareness on their surroundings, and are capable of discovering different ways on how to

pass the course of the study despite all the challenges

Experiencing difficulties in coping was a choice already made when the

informants chose to take up STEM as a strand in senior high school. And the lack of

electronic resources meant having to devise their own means of studying to meet the

requirements demanded by the entire STEM curriculum.

Recommendations

The findings may help to explore learners’ practices that encourage excellence in

academics for all students. In the light of the foregoing conclusions, the researchers

recommend the following:

1. The student needs to eradicate their negative thoughts about not having electronic

resources as study tools, and act on positively to the challenges they may

encounter

2. Students should search and collect available learning materials ahead of time to

avoid cramming.

3. Students should learn to manage their time, and learn from fellow students on how to

develop good study habits, or by adopting what excelling students do in order to learn a

topic or subject more easily. Learners who are determined to pass their subjects must know

how to socialize.

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4. Classmates should be sensitive enough and learn to extend their arms to those who

need help in terms of studying.

5. Teachers should consider those students who are incapable of affording electronic

resources, and learn to make adjustments so that the said students will be able to

cope in their studies without much difficulties.

6. Parents should also be aware of the things their children needs at school

especially in today’s era of technology, and should support them in any way

possible to prevent any academic problems that their child may encounter.

7. Researchers should delve about the factors affecting the students’ determination

in passing despite the difficulties from the dearth of electronic resources, and how

it boost their academic performance.

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Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Telephone No.: +6375•955•5258

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