PART A:

1.For the given network graph, write a program to implement Link state routing algorithm
to build a routing table for the given node.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define inf 999

int spath(int,int);
int cost[10][10],n;

void main()
{
int i,j,min,s,d;
printf("enter the number of nodes \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the cost");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&cost[i][j]);
if(cost[i][j]==0 && i!=j)
{
cost[i][j]=inf;
}
}

printf("sending hello packets \n");

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(cost[i][j]!=0 && cost[i][j]!=inf)
printf("\n sending hello packets from %d to %d node",i,j);
}

sleep(2);

printf("\nsending echo packets\n");

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(cost[i][j]!=0 && cost[i][j]!=inf)
printf("sending echo packets from %d to %d node \n",i,j);
}

sleep(2);
printf("\nconstructing link state protocol");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("****%d****\n",i);
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(cost[i][j]!=0 && cost[i][j]!=inf)
printf("%d-->%d\n",j,cost[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\nenter the source \n");

scanf("%d",&s);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
min=spath(s,i);
printf("min path from %d to %d =%d\n",s,i,min);
}
}

int spath(int s,int d)

{
struct path
{
int len;
enum{tentative,confirmed}label;
}state[10];

int i,u,j,num=2,min=inf;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
state[i].label=tentative;
state[i].len=cost[s][i];
}
state[s].label=confirmed;
while(num<=n)
{
min=inf;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(state[i].label==tentative && state[i].len<min)
{
min=state[i].len;
u=i;
}
}
state[u].label=confirmed;
num++;
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(state[u].len + cost[u][j]<state[j].len && state[j].label==tentative)
{
state[j].len=state[u].len+cost[u][j];
}
}
}

return state[d].len;
}

2.Write a program to encrypt and decrypt messages using S-DES algorithm. The message
should be of minimum of 8 character word.

#include <stdio.h>
int l[4],r[4],keys[2][8],ct[8];
void sbox(int sip[],int p[],int sbno,int i)

{
int sbox[2][4][4]={1,0,3,2,3,2,1,0,0,2,1,3,3,1,3,2,0,1,2,3,2,0,1,3,3,0,1,0,2,1,0,3};
int rw,c,sop;
rw = sip[3]+sip[0]*2;
c = sip[2]+sip[1]*2;
sop = sbox[sbno][rw][c]; //sop gives decimal value of S-Box Output
for(;sop!=0;sop/=2)
p[i--]=sop%2;
}
void cmp_fun(int round)
{
int EP[]={4,1,2,3,2,3,4,1},i,epd[8];
int slip[4],srip[4];
int p[4]={0},p4[]={2,4,3,1},np[4];
for(i=0;i<8;i++) // E/P Permutation
epd[i]=r[EP[i]-1];
for(i=0;i<8;i++)//Performing XOR with Key
if(i<4)
slip[i] = epd[i]^keys[round][i]; // Using Key _ 1=>0
else
srip[i-4] = epd[i]^keys[round][i];
sbox(slip,p,0,1);//Calling SBox 1, 0->SBOX 1
sbox(srip,p,1,3);//Calling SBox 1, 1->SBOX 2
for(i=0;i<4;i++) //P4 permutation
np[i]=p[p4[i]-1];
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
l[i] = l[i]^np[i];
}
void left_shift(int keyip[],int nob)
{
int t1,t2,i;
while(nob>0)
{
t1=keyip[0],t2=keyip[5];
for(i=0;i<9;i++)
if(i<4)
keyip[i] =keyip[i+1];
else if(i>4)
keyip[i] = keyip[i+1];
keyip[4]=t1,keyip[9]=t2;
nob--;
}
}
void gen_keys()
{
int key[10],i,keyip[10];
int p10[]={3,5,2,7,4,10,1,9,8,6},p8[]={6,3,7,4,8,5,10,9};
printf("Enter Key : 10 bit binary key with space : like : 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) : \n ");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
scanf("%d", &key[i]);
for(i=0;i<10;i++) // Permutation P10
keyip[i] = key[p10[i]-1];
left_shift(keyip,1); // Left Shifting (Array,No of bts)
printf("\nKey1 :");
for(i=0;i<8;i++){ //Permuting P8 on key1
keys[0][i] = keyip[p8[i]-1];// Key1 Generated!!
printf("%2d",keys[0][i]);
}
left_shift(keyip,2);// Generating Key2 . .
printf("\nKey2 :");

for(i=0;i<8;i++){
keys[1][i] = keyip[p8[i]-1];// Key2 Generated!!
printf("%2d",keys[1][i]);
}
}
void En_De(int pt[],int c)
{
int ip[]={2,6,3,1,4,8,5,7},ipi[]={4,1,3,5,7,2,8,6},t[8],i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)// Performing Permutation on input bits!!
if(i<4)
l[i]=pt[ip[i]-1];
else
r[i-4] = pt[ip[i]-1];
cmp_fun(c);//Round 0+1 using key 0+1
for(i=0;i<4;i++) //Swapping left & right
r[i]=l[i]+r[i],l[i]=r[i]-l[i],r[i]=r[i]-l[i];
printf("\n\n");
cmp_fun(!c); // Round 1+1 wid key1+1 wid swapped bits
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
if(i<4) t[i]=l[i];
else t[i]=r[i-4];
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
ct[i] = t[ipi[i]-1];
}
void main()
{
int pt[8]={0},i;
printf("Enter plain text binary bits (8 bits each with space like : 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 ) :\n");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
scanf("%d",&pt[i]);
gen_keys(); // Generating Keys key1 & key2
En_De(pt,0);
printf("\nCipher Text : \n");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
printf("%2d",ct[i]);
//Decrypting - - -
En_De(ct,1);
printf("\nPlain Text (After Decrypting): \n ");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
printf("%2d",ct[i]);
}

3.Using TCP/IP sockets, write a client – server program, the client sends the file name
and the server sends back the requested text file if present.

client
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>

int t=1;

void error(char *msg)

{
perror(msg);
exit(0);
}

int main(int argc,char *argv[])

{
int sockfd,n,sl,ch;
char fname[20];
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
struct hostent *server;
char host[20],buffer[256],buf[2000];
int portno;

printf("\n************This is client :");

bzero(host,20);
printf("\nEnter \n0 - local host \n1 - ip address : ");
scanf("%d",&ch);

if(ch==0)
strcpy(host,"127.0.0.1"); // use inet address of the server. you can optain it using
else
{
printf("\nEnter the server ip address :");
scanf("%s",host); // "ifconfig" at root
}

printf("\nEnter port no :");

scanf("%d",&portno); //this must be same as servers port number
printf("\nClient:Enter path with filename( file is currently at the server) : ");
scanf("%s",fname);

sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(sockfd<0)
error("\nerror opening socket\n");

server=gethostbyname(host);

if(server==NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,"\nerror,no such host\n");
exit(0);
}

bzero((struct sockaddr_in *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));

serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
bcopy((char *)server->h_addr,(char *)&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr,server->h_length);
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(portno);

if(connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr))<0)

error("\nerror connecting");
sl=strlen(fname);
n=write(sockfd,fname,strlen(fname));
if(n<0)
error("\nclient:error writing to socket");
bzero(buf,2000);
printf("\nclient:From server following file contents are received :- \n\n\n");

while(1)
{
bzero(buf,2000);
if ((n=recv(sockfd, buf, 100, 0)) == -1)
perror("recv");
if (n==0)
break;
puts(buf);
}

close(sockfd);
exit(0);

server
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include <termios.h>

void error(char *msg)

{
perror(msg);
exit(1);
}

int main(int argc,char *argv[])

{
int sockfd,newsockfd,portno,clilen,n,slen,pid;
char buffer[256],c[200];
char fname[20];

struct sockaddr_in serv_addr,cli_addr;

FILE *fptr;
printf("\n*******This is server ");
printf("\nEnter server port number : ");
scanf("%d",&portno);

sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(sockfd<0)
error("\nERROR opening socket");
bzero((char *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(portno);

if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr))<0)

perror("\nERROR in binding");
printf("\nNow server is up wating for client");

listen(sockfd,1);
clilen=sizeof(cli_addr);

while(1)
{

newsockfd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr,&clilen);

printf("\n New client requested it sockfd = %d",newsockfd);

bzero(fname,20);
close(sockfd);
n=read(newsockfd,fname,20);
printf("\nn Requesting file content %s ",fname);
slen=strlen(fname);
if(n<0)
error("\nERROR reading from socket");
fptr=fopen(fname,"r");
if(fptr==NULL)
{
printf("\nSERVER:file not found");
bzero(buffer,20);
strcpy(buffer,"file not found....");
if(send(newsockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0) == -1)
perror("send");

close(newsockfd);
fclose(fptr);
_exit(0);
}

printf("\nserver : Following information is send back to client :- \n\n\n");

while(!feof(fptr))
{
fgets(buffer,79,fptr);
if(send(newsockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0) == -1)
perror("send");
puts(buffer);
}

printf("\nserver :file contents are transfered");

fclose(fptr);
close(newsockfd);
printf("\nserver :Process is going to terminate\n");
exit(0);
} //while(1)

4.Implement the above program using FIFOs as IPC channels.

// fifo client

#include<stdio.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<string.h>
#define FIFO1 "/tmp/fifo.1"
#define FIFO2 "/tmp/fifo.2"
#define MAXLINE 4096

void client(int readfd,int writefd)

{
ssize_t n;
ssize_t len;
char buf[MAXLINE];
printf("Enter the file name:");
fgets(buf,MAXLINE,stdin);
len=strlen(buf);
if(buf[len-1]=='\n')
len--;
printf("\nwrite file name %s into pipe ",buf);
write(writefd,buf,len);
printf("\nreading from pipe the contents of the filename and display it");
while((n=read(readfd,buf,MAXLINE))>0)
write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
}

int main(int argc,char** argv)

{
int readfd,writefd;
writefd=open(FIFO1,O_WRONLY,0);
readfd=open(FIFO2,O_RDONLY,0);
printf("\ncall client");
client(readfd,writefd);
close(readfd);
close(writefd);
unlink(FIFO1);
unlink(FIFO2);
exit(0);
}

//fifo server
#include<stdio.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<string.h>
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH)
#define FIFO1 "/tmp/fifo.1"
#define FIFO2 "/tmp/fifo.2"
#define MAXLINE 4096

void server(int readfd,int writefd)

{
int fd;
ssize_t n;
char buf[MAXLINE+1];

printf("\nreading from pipe the filename ");

if((n=read(readfd,buf,MAXLINE))==0)
printf("end of file while reading the pathname");
buf[n]='\0';

printf(" %s ",buf);
if((fd=open(buf,O_RDONLY))<0)
{
//snprintf(buf+n,sizeof(buf)-n,"cant open %s\n",strerror(errno));
strcpy(buf,"SERVER ERROR");
n=strlen(buf);
write(writefd,buf,n);
}
else
{
printf("\nreading from pipe the contents of the file and writing to client");

while((n=read(fd,buf,MAXLINE))>0)
{
write(writefd,buf,n);
write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
}
close(fd);
}
}
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
int readfd,writefd;
printf("\ncreating pipe1");
if((mkfifo(FIFO1,FILE_MODE)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))
printf("cant create %s\n",FIFO1);
printf("\ncreating pipe2");

if((mkfifo(FIFO2,FILE_MODE)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))
{
unlink(FIFO1);
printf("cant create %s\n",FIFO2);
}
readfd=open(FIFO1,O_RDONLY,0);
writefd=open(FIFO2,O_WRONLY,0);
server(readfd,writefd);
exit(0);
}

5.Using UDP, write a client – server program, to exchange messages between client and the
server.
Server:
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFLEN 512

#define NPACK 10
#define PORT 9930

void diep(char *s)

{
perror(s);
exit(1);
}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in si_me, si_other;
int s, i, slen=sizeof(si_other);
char buf[BUFLEN];

if ((s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP))==-1)

diep("socket");

memset((char *) &si_me, 0, sizeof(si_me));

si_me.sin_family = AF_INET;
si_me.sin_port = htons(PORT);
si_me.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if (bind(s, &si_me, sizeof(si_me))==-1)
diep("bind");

for (i=0; i<NPACK; i++) {

if (recvfrom(s, buf, BUFLEN, 0, &si_other, &slen)==-1)
diep("recvfrom()");
printf("Received packet from %s:%d\nData: %s\n\n",
inet_ntoa(si_other.sin_addr), ntohs(si_other.sin_port), buf);
}

close(s);
return 0;
}

Client
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFLEN 512

#define NPACK 10
#define PORT 9930

// #define SRV_IP "999.999.999.999"

#define SRV_IP "127.0.0.1"

/* diep(), #includes and #defines like in the server */
void diep(char *s)
{
perror(s);
exit(1);
}

int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in si_other;
int s, i, slen=sizeof(si_other);
char buf[BUFLEN];
char host[20];
int ch=0;
if ((s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP))==-1)
diep("socket");
printf("\n************This is client :");
bzero(host,20);
printf("\nEnter \n0 - local host \n1 - ip address : ");
scanf("%d",&ch);
if(ch==0)
strcpy(host,"127.0.0.1"); // use inet address of the server. you can optain it using
else
{
printf("\nEnter the server ip address :");
scanf("%s",host); // "ifconfig" at root
}
memset((char *) &si_other, 0, sizeof(si_other));
si_other.sin_family = AF_INET;
si_other.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// if (inet_aton(SRV_IP, &si_other.sin_addr)==0) {
if (inet_aton(host, &si_other.sin_addr)==0) {
fprintf(stderr, "inet_aton() failed\n");
exit(1);
}
for (i=0; i<NPACK; i++) {
printf("Sending packet %d\n", i);
sprintf(buf, "This is packet %d\n", i);
if (sendto(s, buf, BUFLEN, 0, &si_other, slen)==-1)
diep("sendto()");
}
close(s);
return 0;
}

6.Write a socket program to demonstrate IP multicasting which provides the capability for
an application to send a single IP datagram that a group of hosts in a network can receive.

Server:
# include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct in_addr localInterface;
struct sockaddr_in groupSock;
int sd;
char databuf[1024] = "Multicast test message I am The Best ! ";
int datalen = sizeof(databuf);
int main (int argc, char *argv[ ])
{
/* Create a datagram socket on which to send. */
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if(sd < 0)
{
perror("Opening datagram socket error");
exit(1);
}
else
printf("Opening the datagram socket...OK.\n");
/* Initialize the group sockaddr structure with a */
/* group address of 225.1.1.1 and port 5555. */
memset((char *) &groupSock, 0, sizeof(groupSock));
groupSock.sin_family = AF_INET;
groupSock.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("226.1.1.1");
groupSock.sin_port = htons(4321);
/* Set local interface for outbound multicast datagrams. */
/* The IP address specified must be associated with a local, */
/* multicast capable interface. */
// localInterface.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
localInterface.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // inet_addr("192.168.1.2");
if(setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, (char *)&localInterface,
sizeof(localInterface)) < 0)
{
perror("Setting local interface error");
exit(1);
}
else
printf("Setting the local interface...OK\n");
/* Send a message to the multicast group specified by the*/
/* groupSock sockaddr structure. */
/*int datalen = 1024;*/
if(sendto(sd, databuf, datalen, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&groupSock, sizeof(groupSock)) < 0)
{perror("Sending datagram message error");}
else
printf("Sending datagram message...OK\n");
return 0;
}

Client

/* Receiver/client multicast Datagram example. */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct sockaddr_in localSock;
struct ip_mreq group;
int sd;
int datalen;
char databuf[1024];
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
/* Create a datagram socket on which to receive. */
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if(sd < 0)
{
perror("Opening datagram socket error");
exit(1);
}
else
printf("Opening datagram socket....OK.\n");
/* Enable SO_REUSEADDR to allow multiple instances of this */
/* application to receive copies of the multicast datagrams. */
{
int reuse = 1;
if(setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *)&reuse, sizeof(reuse)) < 0)
{
perror("Setting SO_REUSEADDR error");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
else
printf("Setting SO_REUSEADDR...OK.\n");
}
/* Bind to the proper port number with the IP address */
/* specified as INADDR_ANY. */
memset((char *) &localSock, 0, sizeof(localSock));
localSock.sin_family = AF_INET;
localSock.sin_port = htons(4321);
localSock.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if(bind(sd, (struct sockaddr*)&localSock, sizeof(localSock)))
{
perror("Binding datagram socket error");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
else
printf("Binding datagram socket...OK.\n");
/* Join the multicast group 226.1.1.1 on the local 203.106.93.94 */
/* interface. Note that this IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP option must be */
/* called for each local interface over which the multicast */
/* datagrams are to be received. */
group.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("226.1.1.1");
// group.imr_interface.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
group.imr_interface.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; //inet_addr("192.168.1.2");

if(setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&group, sizeof(group)) < 0)

{
perror("Adding multicast group error");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
else
printf("Adding multicast group...OK.\n");
/* Read from the socket. */
datalen = sizeof(databuf);
if(read(sd, databuf, datalen) < 0)
{
perror("Reading datagram message error");
close(sd);
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("Reading datagram message...OK.\n");
printf("The message from multicast server is: \"%s\"\n", databuf);
}
return 0;
}

7.Write a program to implement sliding window protocol between two hosts.

Sender:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
main()
{
int std, len, choice, i,j,status,sendsize,port,recvsize,temp1;

char str[20], frame[20], temp[20], ack[20],sendwin[20];

char *msg="network programming " ; // lab dept of cse sit tumkur";

struct sockaddr_in saddr, caddr;

port=5000;
printf("Enter the port address");

scanf("%d", &port);

std = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

if(std<0)
perror("Error");
bzero(&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &saddr.sin_addr);
saddr.sin_port = htons(port);
connect(std, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

printf("\n msg= %s ",msg);

printf("\n len = %d ",strlen(msg) );

printf("\n len = %d ",strlen(msg) );

printf("Enter the text:");

//scanf("%s", str);

i = 0;
sendsize=5;
while(i<strlen(msg))
{
//sender
memset(frame, 0, 20);
strncpy(frame, msg+i, sendsize);
printf("\n\nSending frame = %s , Sending WINDOW: start seqno= %d - end seqno= %d
",frame ,i , i+sendsize );
send(std, frame, strlen(frame), 0) ;
printf("\n sending data and wait for ack");
memset(ack, 0, 20);
recv(std, ack, 100, 0) ;
sscanf(ack, "%d", &status);
printf("\n recvd ack no = %d ",status);

// next data seq no = incoming ack no

i=status;
// break;

} /*END OF WHILE*/
write(std, "Exit", sizeof("Exit"));
printf("\nExitting!\n");

close(std);

}
reciever
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>

#define RECVBUF 20
int AdvWindow=0;

main()
{
int std, lfd, len, port, i, j, status, choice;
char str[20], str1[20], err[20],advWindow[1024] , ack_str[20];
int ack;
char frame1[20] ;
char frame[20] ;
int sendsize=5;
char *recv_str;
recv_str=malloc(50);
memset(recv_str, 0, 20);
int yes=1;

struct sockaddr_in saddr, caddr;

port=5000;

printf("Enter the port address:");

scanf("%d", &port);
std = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(std<0)
perror("Error");

// lose the pesky "address already in use" error message

if (setsockopt(std, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes,sizeof(int)) == -1)
{
perror("setsockopt");
// exit(1);
}
bzero(&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
saddr.sin_port = htons(port);

lfd = bind(std, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

if(lfd)
perror("Bind Error");

listen(std, 5);

len = sizeof(&caddr);
lfd = accept(std, (struct sockaddr *)&caddr, &len);
//AdvWindow=rand(20);

len=-1;
i=0;
for(;;)
{
//media
memset(frame, 0, 20);
recv(lfd, frame, 100, 0) ;

if(strcmp(frame, "Exit") == 0)
{
printf("\nExitting!\n");
break;
}
int err=rand()%8;
int i5;
if(err < 4 )
{
memset(frame1, 0, 20);
for(i5=0;i5<err;i5++)
frame1[i5]=frame[i5];

recv_str=(char*) strcat(recv_str,frame1);
frame[err]='x';
printf("\n\nIntroduce error at frame= %d Error at = %d , Error full frame recved = %s --
Retransmit ",err , i+err , frame);
i=i+ err;
ack=i;
// continue;
}
//receiver
else
{
printf("\n\nRecving frame (SUCCUSS ) = %s ,Recving WINDOW: start seqno= %d - end
seqno= %d ",frame, i, i+ sendsize);
recv_str=(char*) strcat(recv_str,frame);
i=i+ sendsize;
ack=i;
}
printf("\n Recver : Sending ACK back to sender ack = %d ", ack);
sprintf(ack_str,"%d",ack);
send(lfd, ack_str, strlen(ack_str), 0) ;
} /*END OF FOR*/
printf("\nReceived Final str at Destination = %s \n ", recv_str);
close(std);
}

8.Write a program for error detecting code using CRC-CCITT (16- bits).
#include<stdio.h>
int a[100],b[100],i,j,len,k,count=0;
//generate polynomial :g(x)=x^16+x^12+x^5+1

int gp[]={1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1};
int flag;
int main()
{
void div();
system("clear");

printf("\n enter the length of data frame: ( 4 ) ");

scanf("%d",&len);

printf("\n enter the message: ( 1 0 1 1 ) ");

for(i=0;i<len;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);

//append r(16) degree zero to msg bits

for(i=0;i<16;i++)
a[len++]=0;

for(i=0;i<len;i++)
b[i]=a[i];

k=len-16;
div();

for(i=0;i<len;i++)
b[i]=b[i]^a[i];
printf("\n data to be transmitted:");
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
printf("%2d",b[i]);
printf("\nwhether you wish to introduce error(1) or not(0) : ");
scanf("%d",&flag);
if(flag==0)
{ for(i=0;i<len;i++)
a[i]=b[i];
}
else
{ for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{ a[i]=b[i]^(rand()%2);
}
}

printf("recived message is=");

for(i=0;i<len;i++)
printf("%2d ",a[i]);
div();
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
if(a[i]!=0)
{
printf("\n error in recieved data");
goto END;
}
}
printf(" \n data recieved in error free");
END: printf("\n remender is:");
for(i=(len-16);i<len;i++)
printf("%2d",a[i]);
printf("\n");
}

void div()
{
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
if(a[i]==gp[0])
{
for(j=i;j<17+i;j++)
a[j]=a[j]^gp[count++];
}
count=0;
}
}

PART B:

1.Simulate a three nodes point – to – point network with duplex links between them. Set the
queue size and vary the bandwidth and find the number of packets dropped

set ns [ new Simulator ]

set tf [ open lab1.tr w ]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [ open lab1.nam w ]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

# The below code is used to create the nodes.

set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]

#This is used to give color to the packets.

$ns color 1 "red"
$ns color 2 "blue"
$n0 label "Source/udp0"
$n1 label "Source/udp1"
$n2 label "Router"
$n3 label "Destination/Null"

#Vary the below Bandwidth and see the number of packets dropped.
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 10Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 10Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1Mb 300ms DropTail

#The below code is used to set the queue size b/w the nodes
$ns set queue-limit $n0 $n2 10
$ns set queue-limit $n1 $n2 10
$ns set queue-limit $n2 $n3 5

#The below code is used to attach an UDP agent to n0, UDP #agent to n1 and null agent to n3.
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
set null3 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null3

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1

#The below code sets the udp0 packets to red and udp1
#packets to blue color
$udp0 set class_ 1
$udp1 set class_ 2
#The below code is used to connect the agents.
$ns connect $udp0 $null3
$ns connect $udp1 $null3

#The below code is used to set the packet size to 500

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 500Mb

#The below code is used to set the interval of the packets,

#i.e., Data rate of the packets. if the data rate is high
#then packets drops are high.
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.005

proc finish { } {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
exec nam lab1.nam &
close $tf
close $nf
exit 0
}

$ns at 0.1 "$cbr0 start"

$ns at 0.1 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 10.0 "finish"
$ns run

lab1.awk file

BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
count=0;
}
{
if($1=="d") #d stands for the packets drops.
count++
#Counts number of rows whose first column is d.
}
END{
printf("The Total no of Packets Dropped due to Congestion : %d\n\n", count)
}

lab1.sh file
ns lab1.tcl

awk -f lab1.awk lab1.tr

2.Simulate a four node point-to-point network with the links connected as follows: n0 – n2,
n1 – n2 and n2 – n3. Apply TCP agent between n0-n3 and UDP between n1- n3. Apply
relevant applications over TCP and UDP agents changing the parameter and determine the
number of packets sent by TCP / UDP.

set ns [new Simulator]

set tf [open lab2.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open lab2.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]

# The below code is used to set the color and name's to the
#nodes.
#$ns color 1 "red"
#$ns color 2 "blue"
#$n0 label "source/TCP"
#$n1 label "source/UDP"
#$n2 label "Router"
#$n3 label "destination"

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 100Mb 1ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 100Mb 1ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 100Mb 1ms DropTail

# The below code is used to set the color and labels to the
#links.
#$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 color "green"
#$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 label "from 0-2"
#$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 color "green"
#$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 label "from 1-2"
#$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 color "green"
#$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 label "from 2-3"

# The below code is used create TCP and UDP agents and the
# traffic ftp & cbr respectively.

set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink3

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
set null3 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null3

#The below code is used to set the packet size of ftp and
#udp.
#$ftp0 set packetSize_ 500
#$ftp0 set interval_ 0.001

#The below code is used to increase the data rate(if the

#interval is more then the more number of packets goes to
#destination).
#$cbr1 set packetSize_ 500
#$cbr1 set interval_ 0.001

#This code is used give a color red->tcp and blue ->udp.

$tcp0 set class_ 1
$udp1 set class_ 2

# The below code is used connect the agents.

$ns connect $tcp0 $sink3
$ns connect $udp1 $null3
proc finish { } {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
exec nam lab2.nam &
close $nf
close $tf
exit 0
}

$ns at 0.1 "$cbr1 start"

$ns at 0.2 "$ftp0 start"

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

$ns run

In awk file
BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
tcp=0;
udp=0;
}
{
if($1 == "r" && $3 == "2" && $4 == "3" && $5 == "tcp")
tcp++;
if($1 =="r" && $3 == "2" && $4 == "3" && $5 == "cbr")
udp++;
}
END{
printf("\n Total number of packets sent by TCP : %d\n",tcp);
printf("\n Total number of packets sent by UDP : %d\n",udp);
}

In sh file

ns lab2.tcl

awk -f lab2.awk lab2.tr

3.Simulate the different types of Internet traffic such as FTP and TELNET over a network
and analyze the throughput.

set ns [new Simulator]

set tf [open lab3.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open lab3.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
#set n4 [$ns node]
#set n5 [$ns node]

#$n0 label "Source/FTP"

#$n1 label "Source/Telnet"
#$n3 label "Destination/FTP"
#$n5 label "Desination/Telnet"
#$ns color 1 "red"
#$ns color 2 "orange"

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 100Mb 1ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 100Mb 1ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 100Mb 1ms DropTail
#$ns duplex-link $n2 $n4 100Mb 1ms DropTail
#$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 100Mb 1ms DropTail

set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink3
set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp1
set telnet1 [new Application/Telnet]
$telnet1 attach-agent $tcp1
set sink5 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink5

#$telnet1 set packetSize_ 1000Mb

#$telnet1 set interval_ 0.00001
#The below code is used to connect the tcp agents & sink.

$ns connect $tcp0 $sink3

$ns connect $tcp1 $sink5

#The below code is used to give a color to tcp and telnet

#packets.
#$tcp0 set class_ 1
#$tcp1 set class_ 2

proc finish { } {
global ns nf tf
exec nam lab3.nam &
close $nf
close $tf
exit 0
}

$ns at 0.1 "$ftp0 start"

$ns at 0.1 "$telnet1 start"
$ns at 15 "finish"
$ns run

In awk file
BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
ftppack=0
telpack=0
ftptime=0
teltime=0
}

{
if($1=="r"&&$3=="2"&&$4=="3")
{
ftppack=ftppack+$6;
ftptime=$2;
}
if($1=="r"&&$3=="4"&&$4=="5")
{
telpack=telpack+$6;
teltime=$2;
}
}
END{
printf("Throughput of Ftp:%fMbps",(ftppack/ftptime)*(8/1000000));
printf("Throughput of tel:%fMbps",(telpack/teltime)*(8/1000000));

#printf("Throughput of Ftp:%fMbps",(ftppack/ftptime)*(8/1000000));
#printf("Throughput of tel:%fMbps",(telpack/teltime)*(8/1000000));

}
in sh file
ns lab3.tcl

awk -f lab3.awk lab3.tr

4.Simulate an Ethernet LAN using n nodes (6-10), change error rate and data rate and
compare the throughput.

set ns [new Simulator]

set tf [open lab4a.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open lab4a.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

$ns color 1 "red"

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]

$n1 label "Source/UDP"

$n3 label "Error Node"
$n5 label "Destination"

#The below code is used to create a two Lans (Lan1 and Lan2).

$ns make-lan "$n0 $n1 $n2 $n3" 10Mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3
$ns make-lan "$n4 $n5 $n6" 10Mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3

#The below code is used to connect node n3 of lan1 and n6 of

#lan2.

$ns duplex-link $n3 $n6 100Mb 10ms DropTail

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
set cbr1 [ new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
set null5 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n5 $null5
$ns connect $udp1 $null5

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 1000

$cbr1 set interval_ 0.0001 ;# This is the data rate. Change

# this to increase the rate.

$udp1 set class_ 1

# The below code is used to add an error model between the

#nodes n3 and n6.

set err [new ErrorModel]

$ns lossmodel $err $n3 $n6
$err set rate_ 0.2
# This is the error rate. Change this
#rate to add errors between n3 and n6.

proc finish { } {
global nf ns tf
exec nam lab4a.nam &
close $nf
close $tf
exit 0
}

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

$ns at 0.1 "$cbr1 start"
$ns run
In awk file
BEGIN{
#include <stdio.h>
pkt=0;
time=0
}
{
if($1="r" && $3=="8" && $4=="5")
{
pkt=pkt+$6
time=$2
}
}
END{
printf(" Throughput: %fMbps\n\n",(pkt/time)*(8/1000000));
}

In sh file
ns lab4a.tcl

awk -f lab4a.awk lab4a.tr

5.Simulate an Ethernet LAN using n nodes and set multiple traffic nodes and determine the
collision across different nodes.

set ns [new Simulator]

set tf [open lab5.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open lab5.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]

$ns make-lan -trace on "$n0 $n1 $n2 $n3 $n4" 100mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3

set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink2

$ns connect $tcp0 $sink2

set udp2 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n2 $udp2
set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr2 attach-agent $udp2
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $null

$ns connect $udp2 $null

set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp1
set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1
set sink3 [new Agent/Null
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink3

$ns connect $tcp1 $sink3

$ftp0 set interval_ 0.001
$cbr2 set interval_ 0.001
$ftp1 set interval_ 0.01

proc finish {} {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
exec nam lab5.nam &
close $tf
close $nf
exit 0
}
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr2 start"
$ns at 1.2 "$ftp1 start"
$ns at 1.3 "$ftp0 start"

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

$ns run

Awk file

BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
count=0
}
{
if($1=="c") {
printf("The [ %s ] Packet occured collision at the node:[ %s ]\n",$5,$3);
count++;
}
}
END{
printf("\n***************************************\n");
printf("\nThe Total Packet Collision %d", count);
printf("\n***************************************\n");
}
Sh file

ns lab5.tcl

awk -f lab5.awk lab5.tr

6.Simulate the transmission of ping messages over a network topology consisting of 6 nodes
and find the number of packets dropped due to congestion (can use NS2).

set ns [new Simulator]

set tf [open lab6.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open lab6.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]

#$n0 label "Ping0"

#$n4 label "Ping4"
#$n5 label "Ping5"
#$n6 label "Ping6"
##$n2 label "Router"
#$ns color 1 "red"
#$ns color 2 "green"

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 100Mb 300ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n6 1Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n5 $n2 100Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n4 1Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n2 1Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n0 $n2 5
$ns queue-limit $n2 $n6 2
$ns queue-limit $n2 $n4 3
$ns queue-limit $n5 $n2 5

#The below code is used to connect between the ping agents

#to the node n0, n4 , n5 and n6.

set ping0 [new Agent/Ping]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $ping0

set ping4 [new Agent/Ping]

$ns attach-agent $n4 $ping4

set ping5 [new Agent/Ping]

$ns attach-agent $n5 $ping5

set ping6 [new Agent/Ping]

$ns attach-agent $n6 $ping6

#$ping0 set packetSize_ 50000

#$ping0 set interval_ 0.0001
#$ping5 set packetSize_ 60000
#$ping5 set interval_ 0.00001

#$ping0 set class_ 1

#$ping5 set class_ 2

$ns connect $ping0 $ping4

$ns connect $ping5 $ping6

#The below function is executed when the ping agent receives

#a reply from the destination

Agent/Ping instproc recv {from rtt} {

$self instvar node_
puts " The node [$node_ id] received an reply from $from with round trip time of $rtt"
}

proc finish {} {
global ns nf tf
exec nam lab6.nam &
$ns flush-trace
close $tf
close $nf
exit 0
}

$ns rtmodel-at 0.9 down $n2 $n6

$ns rtmodel-at 1.5 up $n2 $n6
$ns at 0.1 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.2 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.3 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.4 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.5 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.6 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.7 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.8 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.9 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.0 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.1 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.2 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.3 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.4 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.5 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.6 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.7 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 1.8 "$ping0 send"
$ns at 0.1 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.2 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.3 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.4 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.5 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.6 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.7 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.8 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 0.9 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.0 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.1 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.2 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.3 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.4 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.5 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.6 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.7 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 1.8 "$ping5 send"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns run

Awk file

BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
count=0;
}
{
if($1=="d")
count++
}
END{
printf("The Total no of Packets Dropped due toCongestion:%d ", count)
}
Sh file

ns lab6.tcl

awk -f lab6.awk lab6.tr

7.Simulate simple ESS with transmitting nodes in wire-less LAN and determine the
performance with respect to transmission of packets.

set ns [new Simulator]

# set up for hierarchical routing
$ns node-config -addressType hierarchical

AddrParams set domain_num_ 3 ;# number of domains

lappend cluster_num 2 1 1 ;# number of clusters in each domain
AddrParams set cluster_num_ $cluster_num
lappend llevel 1 1 2 1 ;# number of nodes in each cluster
AddrParams set nodes_num_ $llevel ;# of each domain
set tracefd [open lab7.tr w]
set namtrace [open lab7.nam w]
$ns trace-all $tracefd
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace 250 250

#Finish Procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefd namtrace
close $tracefd
close $namtrace
exec nam lab7.nam &

# following code is optional if you use awk script to show the throughput lab7.awk

puts "The number of data packets sent "

exec grep "^+" lab7.tr | grep "tcp" | cut -d " " -f 3 | grep -c "0" &
puts "The number of packets received at mobile nodes "
exec grep "^r" lab7.tr | grep "tcp" | grep -c "_4_ AGT" &
exit 0
}

# Create topography object

set topo [new Topography]

# define topology
$topo load_flatgrid 250 250

# create God 3 for HA , FA and MH

create-god 3

# hierarchical addresses
set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0}

#create wired nodes

set W0 [$ns node [lindex $temp 0]]
set W1 [$ns node [lindex $temp 1]]

# Configure for ForeignAgent and HomeAgent nodes

$ns node-config -mobileIP ON \
-adhocRouting DSDV \
-llType LL \
-macType Mac/802_11 \
-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \
-ifqLen 50 \
-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \
-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \
-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \
-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \
-topoInstance $topo \
-wiredRouting ON \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace OFF \
-macTrace OFF

# Create HA and FA
set HA [$ns node 1.0.0]
set FA [$ns node 2.0.0]
$HA random-motion 0
$FA random-motion 0

# Position (fixed) for base-station nodes (HA & FA).

$HA set X_ 1.0
$HA set Y_ 2.0
$HA set Z_ 0.0

$FA set X_ 250.0

$FA set Y_ 200.0
$FA set Z_ 0.0

# create a mobilenode that would be moving between HA and FA.

# note address of MH indicates its in the same domain as HA.
$ns node-config -wiredRouting OFF

set MH [$ns node 1.0.1]

set node0 $MH
set HAaddress [AddrParams addr2id [$HA node-addr]]
[$MH set regagent_] set home_agent_ $HAaddress

# movement of the MH
$MH set Z_ 0.0
$MH set Y_ 2.0
$MH set X_ 2.0

# MH starts to move towards FA

$ns at 100.0 "$MH setdest 240.0 210.0 20.0"
# goes back to HA
$ns at 200.0 "$MH setdest 2.0 2.0 20.0"

# create links between wired and BaseStation nodes

$ns duplex-link $W0 $W1 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $W1 $HA 5Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $W1 $FA 5Mb 2ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link-op $W0 $W1 orient down

$ns duplex-link-op $W1 $HA orient left-down
$ns duplex-link-op $W1 $FA orient right-down

# setup TCP connections between a wired node and the MobileHost

set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]

$tcp1 set class_ 2
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $W0 $tcp1
$ns attach-agent $MH $sink1
$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1
set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1

$ns initial_node_pos $node0 20

$ns at 100.0 "$ftp1 start"

$ns at 200.0 "$node0 reset"

$ns at 200.0 "$HA reset";

$ns at 200.0 "$FA reset";

$ns at 201.0 "finish"

$ns run
Awk file

BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
count1=0
count2=0
pack1=0
pack2=0
time1=0
time2=0
}
{
if($1=="r"&&$3=="_4_"&&$4=="AGT")
{
count1++
pack1=pack1+$8
time1=$2
}
if($1=="r"&&$3=="_2_"&&$4=="AGT")
{
count2++
pack2=pack2+$8
time2=$2
}
}
END{
printf("The Throughput at n4 : %fMbps\n",
((pack1*8)/(time1*1000000)) )
printf("The Throughput at n2 : %f Mbps",
((pack2 * 8) / (time2*1000000)) )
}
Sh file

ns lab7.tcl

awk -f lab7.awk lab7.tr

8.Simulate simple ad-hoc network with transmitting nodes performance with respect to
transmission of packets.
set ns [new Simulator]
set tf [open lab8_adhoc.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000
set nf [open lab8_adhoc.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $nf 1000 1000

$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSDV \

-llType LL \
-macType Mac/802_11 \
-ifqType Queue/DropTail \
-ifqLen 50 \
-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \
-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \
-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \
-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON

#GOD or General Operations Director is a ns-2 simulator object, which is used to store global
information about the state of the environment,
# network, or nodes
create-god 3
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]

$n0 label "tcp0"

$n1 label "sink1/tcp1"
$n2 label "sink2"

#The below code is used to give the initial node positions.

$n0 set X_ 50
$n0 set Y_ 50
$n0 set Z_ 0
$n1 set X_ 100
$n1 set Y_ 100
$n1 set Z_ 0
$n2 set X_ 600
$n2 set Y_ 600
$n2 set Z_ 0

# the simulation time = 0.1 seconds

# coordinate = 50,50 at a speed of 15 meters per second
# the node n0 will move in this speed towards the coordinate specified

$ns at 0.1 "$n0 setdest 50 50 15"

$ns at 0.1 "$n1 setdest 100 100 25"
$ns at 0.1 "$n2 setdest 600 600 25"

set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink1

$ns connect $tcp0 $sink1

set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp1
set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1
set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink2

$ns connect $tcp1 $sink2

$ns at 5 "$ftp0 start"

$ns at 5 "$ftp1 start"

#The below code is used to provide the node movements.

#node n1 will start moving to 550,550 at speed = 15m/s at simulation time = 100

$ns at 100 "$n1 setdest 550 550 15"

$ns at 190 "$n1 setdest 70 70 15"
proc finish {} {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
exec nam ess.nam &
close $tf
exit 0
}
$ns at 250 "finish"
$ns run

Awk file

BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
count1=0
count2=0
pack1=0
pack2=0
time1=0
time2=0
}
{
if($1=="r"&&$3=="_1_"&&$4=="AGT")
{
count1++
pack1=pack1+$8
time1=$2
}
if($1=="r"&&$3=="_2_"&&$4=="AGT")
{
count2++
pack2=pack2+$8
time2=$2
}
}
END{
printf("The Throughput from n0 to n1: %fMbps\n",
((pack1*8)/(time1*1000000)))
printf("The Throughput from n1 to n2: %f Mbps",
((pack2 * 8) /(time2*1000000)))
}
Sh file
ns lab8_adhoc.tcl
awk -f lab8_adhoc.awk lab8_adhoc.tr