MOHAMMAD ALI JAUHAR UNIVERSITY
A seminar on,
OPERATING SYSTEM
Under Guidance of, Presented By,
Er. Prem Narayan MOHD. BILAL
CSE IIIyr.
1501010009
Content
Introduction
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Features and Versions
Architecture
Application Development
Comparisons with other OS
Limitations
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
What is android
Android is Linux based operating system
designed primarily for mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablets.
Android was first developed as a ADVANCE
OPERATING SYSTEM for digital cameras.
There are more than 4,00,000 apps in android
market
And, android is an open source.
INTRODUCTION
What is Operating System
An operating system, or "OS," is software that
communicates with the hardware and allows
other programs to run..
Common desktop operating systems
include Windows, OS X, and Linux
Common mobile OS include Android, iOS, and
Windows Phone
INTRODUCTION
android Operating System
Android OS consists of a shell and a kernel.
Creator’s of android takes out the kernel from Linux
OS 2.6 and rewrite the shell part using java, that’s
forms android OS.
MONOLITHIC KERNEL SHELL
(modified LINUX kernel) (Written in Java)
android OS
android devices
Mobile phones Smart TV Wearable device
Tablets GPS device for automobiles
Origin of android
Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in
October 2003 by
Andy Rubin, Rich Miner,
Nick Sears and Chris White who work at
“ ” to develop.
Andy Rubin
…Origin of android
Android was purchased by the
in AUGUST, 2005 for 50 million $.
HTC Dream was the first android device
launched in September 2008
Now, android covers 90% of the mobile OS
market.
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
It’s consortium of several companies.
OHA is a business alliance of firm to develop open
standard for mobile device.
OHA includes 84 firms to develop open standard for
mobile devices, i.e.
HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, QUALCOMM, Google
, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, T-Mobile,
NVidias
Reason for Nokia not to develop Android Mobiles is
Nokia is not part of OHA
Features
Android supports wireless communication using:-
3G Networks, 4G Networks, 802.11 Wi-Fi Networks,
Bluetooth Connectivity
Developing an android application is not tough
,using SDK and java emulator we can easily develop
applications that we want.
Open source – Free development platform
Built in services like GPS,SQL Database, browser
and maps
Portability across current and future hardware
android Versions
Android Astro 1.0 Android Gingerbread 2.3
• Released on September 23, 2008. • Released on December 6, 2010
Android Cupcake 1.5 Android Honeycomb 3.0
• Released on April 30, 2009. • Released on February 22, 2011.
Android Donut 1.6 Android IceCream Sandwich 4.0
• Released on September 15, 2009. • Released on November 14, 2011
Android Éclair 2.0/2.1 Android JellyBean 4.1
• Released on October 26, 2009. • Released on June 27,2012
Android Froyo 2.2 Android Kitkat 4.4
• Released on May 20, 2010. • Released on October 31,2013
android Versions
Android Lollipop 5.0
• Released on November 12, 2014
Android Marshmallow 6.0
• Released on May 28, 2015
Android Nougat 7.0
• Released on August 22, 2016
Android Oreo 8.0
• Released on August 21, 2017
• Latest version till date.
UI comparison
Android Astro 1.0 Android KitKat 4.4 Android Oreo 8.0
Architecture
Linux kernel
Libraries
Android run time
- Core libraries
- Dalvik virtual machine
Application layer
Application framework
Major components of android
Linux Kernel
Android Architecture is based on Linux 2.6
kernel. It helps to manage security, memory
management, process management, network
stack and other important issues.
Display Driver Camera Driver Flash Memory Binder (IPC)
Driver Driver
Keypad Driver Wi-Fi Driver Audio Driver Power
Management
Android Runtime
Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most
of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java
programming language.
Dalvik VM.
Core
• Dex files Libraries
• Compact and efficient than class files
Dalvik
• Limited memory and battery power Virtual
Core Libraries Machine
• Java 5 Std edition
• Collections, I/O etc…
• Providing most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java language.
Libraries
Android includes a set of:
C/C++ libraries
Interface through Java
Surface manager – Handling UI Windows with 2D and
3D graphics
Media codes, SQLite, Browser engine
The Android Studio 3.1 supports new set of library :
Application Framework
The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse
of components
Activity manager – manages application life cycle
Android provides a set of core applications:
Email Client
SMS Program
Calendar
Maps
Browser
Contacts, Etc.
All applications are written using the Java language.
APIs: Data Structures, Utilities, File Access, Network Access,
Graphics, etc.
Application Development
Android Android Android
Mobile
Emulator SDK
Device
Application Development
Java source
Android
Manifest
Generate Java .dex Dalvik
d Class Compiler file VM
Resource
XML
Android Libraries
Application Execution
Java Source
Documents
Compile java
sources using
“javac”
Java “class” documents
output from compilation
process
Translate Java
compiled class files
into “dex” files
Execute under the
Dalvik Virtual Machine
Why prefer android ?
Android price fits your pocket
Android devices are cheaper than iPhones which is one of main
reason why Android phone sale is growing rapidly. IPhone is an
expensive device which everybody can’t afford to buy.
Free apps and games
Android offers a lot of free games and applications on google play,
whereas IPhone have mostly paid Apps on App Store. which is also
the main reason why people skip IOS and attract towards android.
Launchers
Android offers many cool launcher apps for customizing home
screen’s style. While Apple do not allow users to customize their
home screen and all the users have same home screen.
Custom ROMs
Android users can install custom Rom on their smart phone, which
allows them to replace original software comes with their smart
phone. Some of the android users want to use some tools and apps
which do not work on their original OS, that’s why they Root their
phone and install custom ROMS.
Google Integration
Google integration is very useful service provided by google to it’s
users. unarguably google dominates the web with it’s awesome
services like Google drive, Google Music, Google Map, Google Docs,
Google mail, Google plus, Google hangout.. and the list goes on,
but IOS do not provide these apps integration.
Expandable Memory
Android allows you to put a memory card to increase your phone
memory. What does Apple do? Well, they've never offered
expandable memory for the iPhone. Instead, they would rather you
pay another $100 to upgrade one of their devices from a 16 GB
memory to a 32 GB or 64 GB
Multi tasking using Multi-window navigation feature
File manager
YouTube
iOs does not allow
multi window
officially
Limitations
Making source code available to everyone inevitably
invites the attention of hackers.
Android operating system uses more amount of
battery as compared to normal mobile phones.
It has been seen that it has security related issues.
As we call Android is world of applications we
continuously need to connected with the internet
which is not possible for all the users.
Conclusion
Android is a truly open, free development
platform based on Linux and open source.
Handset makers can use and customize the
platform without paying a royalty.
Android is now stepping up in next level of
mobile internet.
Android is open to all: industry, developers and
users
Google Android is stepping into the next level
of Mobile Internet & that is the reason that
android covers 90% of mobile OS market
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operati
ng_system)
https://www.android.com/
https://www.androidauthority.com/
https://techterms.com
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/
Images and Clipart:
https://images.google.com/
Thank you.
Any Query ?
ask google
