MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS

Android OS
Conten
t
Introduction
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Features and Versions
Architecture
Application Development
Comparisons with other OS
Limitations
Conclusion
 What is
android
 Android is Linux based operating system designed primarily
for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
 Android was first developed as a ADVANCE OPERATING
SYSTEM for digital cameras.
 There are more than 2.7 million android apps around the
world.

 And, android is an open source.

 What is Operating
System
 An operating system, or "OS," is software that
communicates with the hardware and allows
other programs to run..
 Common desktop operating systems
include Windows, andLinux
 Common mobile OS include Android, iOS, and
Windows Phone
 android Operating
 System
Android OS consists of a shell and a kernel.
 Creator’s of android takes out the kernel from Linux OS
2.6 and rewrite the shell part using java, that’s forms
android OS.

MONOLITHIC KERNEL SHELL

(modified LINUX (Written in
kernel) Java)

android
 android
devices

Mobile Smart Wearable

phones TV device

Table GPS device for

 Origin of
android
Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in
October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner,Nick
Sears and Chris White.

Andy Rubin
 …Origin of
android
Android was purchased by the
in AUGUST, 2005 for

50 million $.

 HTC Dream was the first android

device launched in September 2008

 Now, android covers 90% of the mobile

OS market.
 Open Handset Alliance
(OHA)
 It’s consortium of several companies.
 OHA is a business alliance of firm to develop open
standard for mobile device.
 OHA includes 84 firms to develop open standard for
mobile devices, i.e.
HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, QUALCOMM,Google
, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics,T-Mobile,
NVidias
 Reason for Nokia not to develop Android Mobiles is
Nokia is not part of OHA
 Feature
s
 Android supports wireless communication using:-
3G Networks, 4G Networks,5 G networks, 802.11
Wi-Fi Networks, Bluetooth Connectivity
 Developing an android application is not tough,
 using SDK and java emulator we can easily
develop applications that we want.
 Open source – Free development platform
 Built in services like GPS,SQL Database, browser
and maps
 Portability across current and future hardware
Android Versions
 Code name Version number(s) Initial release date

No codename 1.0 September 23, 2008

1.1 February 9, 2009

Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009

Donut 1.6 September 15, 2009

Eclair 2.0 – 2.1 October 26, 2009

Froyo 2.2 – 2.2.3 May 20, 2010

Gingerbread 2.3 – 2.3.7 December 6, 2010

Honeycomb 3.0 – 3.2.6 February 22, 2011

Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 – 4.0.4 October 18, 2011

Jelly Bean 4.1 – 4.3.1 July 9, 2012

KitKat 4.4 – 4.4.4 October 31, 2013

Lollipop 5.0 – 5.1.1 November 12, 2014

Marshmallow 6.0 – 6.0.1 October 5, 2015

Nougat 7.0 – 7.1.2 August 22, 2016

Oreo 8.0 – 8.1 August 21, 2017

Pie 9.0 August 6, 2018

Android 10 10.0 September 3, 2019

 UI
comparison

Android Astro Android KitKat Android Oreo 8.0

1.0 4.4
 Architectur
eLinux kernel
 Libraries
 Android run time
- Core libraries
- Dalvik virtual machine
 Application layer
 Application framework
Major components of
android
 Linux
Kernel
 Android Architecture is based on Linux 2.6
kernel. It helps to manage security, memory
management, process management,
network stack and other important issues.

Display Camera Flash Binder

Driver Driver Memory (IPC)
Driver Driver
Keypad Wi-Fi Audio Power
Driver Driver Driver Managemen
t
 Android
Runtime
 Android includes a set of core
provides most of the functionality
libraries that

available in the core libraries of the Java

programming language.
 Dalvik VM- application code must be
transformed from standard Java class files to the
Dalvik executable (.dex) format, which has a Core
Librarie
50% smaller memory footprint than standard s
Java bytecode. Dalvik
Each Android application simply runs as a Virtual
process directly on the Linux Machin
Kernel,applications are essentially sandboxed. e

Enforced level of abstraction makes applications platform

neutral in that they are never tied to any specific hardware.
• Compact and efficient than class files
• Limited memory and battery power
 Android Runtime

Core Libraries

• Java 5 Std edition

• Collections, I/O etc…
• Providing most of the functionality available in the
core libraries of the Java language.
 Librarie
s
The Android Studio 3.1 supports new set of library:Kotlin
 Libc: c standard library ,SSL: Secure Socket Layer
 Surface Manager: Responsible for composing different
drawing surfaces onto the screen with 2D and 3D
graphics
 Open GL and SGL are graphic Libraries
 OpenGL|ES : 3D Image Engine
 SGL : 2D image Engine.Hence we can combine 3D and 2D graphics
in the same application.
 Media Framework : Core part of the android multimedia.MPEG4,MP3,
…
 FreeType: To render the fonts.
 WebKit:Open source browser engine. Helps to work well on small
screen.
 Application
Framework
The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse
of components
Activity manager :manages application life cycle
Content Providers: Manage the data sharing between
applications.
Telephony Manager: Manages all voice calls. We use
telephony manager if we want to access voice calls in our
application.
Location Manager: Location management, using GPS or cell
tower
 Android provides a set of core applications:
 Email Client,SMS Program,Calendar
 Maps,Browser,Contacts, Etc.
 All applications are written using the Java language.
 APIs: Data Structures, Utilities, File Access, Network
Application
Development

Androi Andro Andro

id
d id
Mobil
Emulat e SDK
or Devic
e
 Application
Development
Java
source

Android
Manifest Genera Java .de Dalvi
te d Compil x k
Class er fil VM
Resour e
ce
XML

A
n
d
Application
Execution
Java
Source
Document
s
Compile java
sources
using
“javac”

Java “class” documents

output from
compilation process

Translate Java
compiled class
files into “dex”
files

Ex
ec
 Android 11's best features

•A more useful power button menu.

•Dynamic media controls.
•A built-in screen recorder.
•Greater control over conversation notifications.
•Recall cleared notifications with notification history.
•Pin your favorite apps in the share page.
•Schedule dark theme.
•Grant temporary permission to apps.
 Why prefer

android ?
Android price fits your pocket
Android devices are cheaper than iPhones which is one of main reason why
Android phone sale is growing rapidly. IPhone is an expensive device which
everybody can’t afford to buy.
 Free apps and games
Android offers a lot of free games and applications on google play, whereas
IPhone have mostly paid Apps on App Store. which is also the main reason
why people skip IOS and attract towards android.
 Launchers
Android offers many cool launcher apps for customizing home screen’s style.
While Apple do not allow users to customize their home screen and all the
users have same home screen.
 Custom ROMs
Android users can install custom Rom on their smart phone, which
allows them to replace original software comes with their smart
phone. Some of the android users want to use some tools and apps
which do not work on their original OS, that’s why they Root their
phone and install custom ROMS.
 Google Integration
Google integration is very useful service provided by google to it’s
users. unarguably google dominates the web with it’s awesome
services like Google drive, Google Music, Google Map, Google
Docs, Google mail, Google plus, Google hangout.. and the list
goeson,but IOS do not provide these apps integration.
 Expandable Memory
Android allows you to put a memory card to increase your phone
memory. What does Apple do? Well, they've never offered
expandable memory for the iPhone. Instead, they would rather you
pay another $100 to upgrade one of their devices from a 16 GB
memory to a 32 GB or 64GB
 Multi tasking using Multi-window navigation
feature

File
manager

YouTube

iOs does not

allow multi
window
officially
 Limitation
s
 Making source code available to everyone inevitably
invites the attention of hackers.

 Android operating system uses more

amount of battery as compared to normal
mobile phones.

 It has been seen that it has security

relatedissues.

 As we call Android is world of applications we

continuously need to connected with the internet
 Conclusio
n
Android is a truly open, free development
platform based on Linux and open source.
Handset makers can use and customize the
platform without paying a royalty.
Android is now stepping up in next level of
mobile internet.
 Android is open to all: industry, developers and
users
Google Android is stepping into the next level
of Mobile Internet & that is the reason that
android covers 90% of mobile OS market