Computer - Applications
In this chapter, we will discuss the application of computers in various fields.
Business
A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence,
accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made it
an integrated part in all business organizations.
Computer is used in business organizations for −
Payroll calculations
Budgeting
Sales analysis
Financial forecasting
Managing employee database
Maintenance of stocks, etc.
Banking
Today, banking is almost totally dependent on
computers.
Banks provide the following facilities −
Online accounting facility, which includes
checking current balance, making deposits
and overdrafts, checking interest charges,
shares, and trustee records.
ATM machines which are completely
automated are making it even easier for
customers to deal with banks.
Insurance
Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-
date with the help of computers. Insurance
companies, finance houses, and stock broking firms
are widely using computers for their concerns.
Insurance companies are maintaining a database of
all clients with information showing −
Procedure to continue with policies
Starting date of the policies
Next due installment of a policy
Maturity date
Interests due
Survival benefits
Bonus
Education
The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in
the education system.
The computer provides a tool in the education
system known as CBE (Computer Based
Education).
CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation
of learning.
Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students.
There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a
computer to educate the students.
It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis is
carried out on this basis.
Marketing
In marketing, uses of the computer are following −
Advertising − With computers, advertising
professionals create art and graphics, write
and revise copy, and print and disseminate
ads with the goal of selling more products.
Home Shopping − Home shopping has been
made possible through the use of
computerized catalogues that provide access
to product information and permit direct
entry of orders to be filled by the customers.
Healthcare
Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and dispensaries. They are
being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in
scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT scans, etc. are
also done by computerized machines.
Following are some major fields of health care in which computers are used.
Diagnostic System − Computers are used
to collect data and identify the cause of
illness.
Lab-diagnostic System − All tests can be
done and the reports are prepared by
computer.
Patient Monitoring System − These are used
to check the patient's signs for abnormality
such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.
Pharma Information System − Computer is used to check drug labels, expiry
dates, harmful side effects, etc.
Surgery − Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery.
Engineering Design
Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.
One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that provides creation and
modification of images. Some of the fields are −
Structural Engineering − Requires stress
and strain analysis for design of ships,
buildings, budgets, airplanes, etc.
Industrial Engineering − Computers deal
with design, implementation, and
improvement of integrated systems of
people, materials, and equipment.
Architectural Engineering − Computers
help in planning towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a
site using both 2D and 3D drawings.
Military
Computers are largely used in defence. Modern
tanks, missiles, weapons, etc. Military also employs
computerized control systems. Some military areas
where a computer has been used are −
Missile Control
Military Communication
Military Operation and Planning
Smart Weapons
Communication
Communication is a way to convey a message, an
idea, a picture, or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the
person for whom it is meant. Some main areas in this category are −
E-mail
Chatting
Usenet
FTP
Telnet
Video-conferencing
Government
Computers play an important role in government services. Some major fields in this
category are −
Budgets
Sales tax department
Income tax department
Computation of male/female ratio
Computerization of voters lists
Computerization of PAN card
Weather forecasting
