FIRE DETECTING ROBOT
BY:
SANTOSHI
KEERTHANA
ISHWARYA
INTRODUCTION:
Robot is defined as a mechanical design that is
capable of performing human tasks or behaving in a human-like manner.
Building a robot requires expertise and complex programming. It’s about
building systems and putting together motors, solenoids, and wires, among
other important components. There are a number of subsystems that must
be designed to fit together into an appropriate package suitable for carrying
out the robot’s task. A firefighter robot is one that has a small fire
extinguisher added to it. By attaching a small fire extinguisher to the robot,
the automaton put out the fires it detects can be achieved. The fire
detection scheme to be put into use is relatively free of false alarms, it is
anticipated that it will not overreact in non-fire simulations. As mentioned
earlier, the design of the robot is according to specification of the contest.
The first industrial robot was introduced to the U.S. in the 1960s, since
then their technology has improved immensely creating many advantages of
robots. The advancement of robotics has also caused robots to become
more widespread across various industries ranging from manufacturing to
health care. Many benefits of robots seem to be most noticeable in
productivity, safety, and in saving time and money
Working of robot:
On the most basic level, human beings are made up of five major
components:
A body structure
A muscle system to move the body structure
A sensory system that receives information about the body and the
surrounding environment
A power source to activate the muscles and sensors
A brain system that processes sensory information and tells the
muscles what to do
Of course, we also have some intangible attributes, such as intelligence and
morality, but on the sheer physical level, the list above about covers it.
A robot is made up of the very same components. A typical robot has a
movable physical structure, a motor of some sort, a sensor system, a power
supply and a computer "brain" that controls all of these elements.
Essentially, robots are man-made versions of animal life -- they are machines
that replicate human and animal behavior.
In this article, we'll explore the basic concept of robotics and find out how
robots do what they do.
Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once remarked "I can't
define a robot, but I know one when I see one." If you consider all the
different machines people call robots, you can see that it's nearly impossible
to come up with a comprehensive definition. Everybody has a different idea
of what constitutes a robot.
affordable. The benefits of robots continue to grow as more industries
incorporate them
Function of robots :
What is the most important thing that you will choose if there will be one
thing that you can choose to be used among all kinds of products that shows
the latest results from technology? Well, if your answer is computer and all
of its complete component and program, it is a very reasonable answer. Why?
Because with a computer, and especially if connected with the internet
access that can open our self to the whole world through virtual experience.
However, besides the internet, there is also many other achievements that
have been attained by technology. This is called as the robot. There are
many interesting things that can be related with it. But, firstly you might
want to know the definition of a robot. Though there is no single definition
for robot, generally it refers to a mechanical machine whose power is
obtained from electricity and its activity is programmed electronically to do
the task on its own.
Generally, there are two main functions of robot. The first one is for
general purpose while the second one is for certain dedication. Besides the
functions, people usually have concepts abut a robot to have some capability
that tries to become more like human being.
SENSORS:
The object of the fire detection is to navigate the robots through a maze of
walls and look
into the rooms and see if there is a fire. Using a UV sensor, a flame the size
of a single candle can be seen 5 meters away. The Trekker utilizes a
Hamamatsu UV sensor that is mounted onto the Trekker sweeping sensor
brackets. The Trekker scans the area and finds an open flame.The
Hamamatsu UV TRON Flame Detector is lightweight, has low current
consumption, and operates as high sensitivity UV Sensor. The UV TRON is an
ultraviolet detector that makes use of the photoelectric effect of metal
combined with the gas multiplication effect. It has a narrow spectral
sensitivity of 185 to 260 nm. Thus it is solar blind, being completely
insensitive to visible light. Unlike semiconductor detectors, it does not
require optical Visible-cut filters, thus making it easy to use.
ASSEMBLY:
1. The UV Tron Bulb needs to be soldered to the drive circuit board. For the
Trekker this connection is be done directly with the bulb sitting right on the
board. Solder the UV Tron Bulb to the drive circuit board taking care to
solder the Cathode (shorter) lead of the UV Tron bulb into the hole marked
“K” on the drive board and the Anode (longer lead) into the hole marked “A”
on the drive circuit board. Take care when soldering the bulb as it is quite
fragile and sensitive to the heat of the soldering iron. See Figure 74 for
assembly. Trim off excess leads.
2. The driving circuit has an input voltage specification of 10 to 30V dc. This
requirement is avoided by supplying a reliable regulated 5V supply from the
Trekker Expansion board.
The first thing the unmodified drive board does with the input voltage
is to regulate it to 5V. This is done using a small and very common 7805
voltage regulator. This regulator is marked ICI on the board. It has four
holes (three are used) and they are marked 0, G, I and O. This stands for
Output, Ground, Input and Output.
The fourth hole on the board marked “0″ is not used. This hole can be
used as the input from a 5V regulated supply. This just side steps the
voltage regulator completely on the board. Attach the power (5V Red) wire
to the hole marked “O”, the Ground wire (black) is then attached to the “-”
and the signal wire (yellow) is attached to “2″. See Figure 75 and Figure 76
for installation of the wires.
3. This step should be done after the wires are fed through the holes for
the deluxe sensor bracket/mask.
4. Attach the UV TRON bracket to the back of the sweeping scanner
bracket using the mounting hardware that holds the ultrasonic sensor on.
The finished sensor should look like Figure 80.
5. Attach the wires to the sweeping scanner as shown in Figure 81 so they
are out of the way.
6. If a mask is being used, install the line of site mask per Figure 82. Apply
hot glue or other adhesive product to the board and slide the mask over the
sensor. Be careful not to get any glue on the electronics on the board or the
UV sensor. You may want to play with the detecto.
Advantages:
1. Quality:
Robots have the capacity to dramatically improve product quality.
Applications are performed with precision and high repeatability every
time. This level of consistency can be hard to achieve any other way.
2. Production:
With robots, throughput speeds increase, which directly impacts
production. Because robots have the ability to work at a constant
speed without pausing for breaks, sleep, vacations, they have the
potential to produce more than a human worker.
3. Safety:
Robots increase workplace safety. Workers are moved to supervisory
roles, so they no longer have to perform dangerous applications in
hazardous settings.
4. Savings:
Greater worker safety leads to financial savings. There are fewer
healthcare and insurance concerns for employers. Robots also offer
untiring performance which saves valuable time. Their movements are
always exact, so less material is wasted.
Disadvantages:
1. Expense:
The initial investment of robots is significant, especially when business
owners are limiting their purchases to new robotic equipment. The cost
of automation should be calculated in light of a business' greater
financial budget. Regular maintenance needs can have a financial toll as
well.
2. ROI:
Incorporating industrial robots does not guarantee results. Without
planning, companies can have difficulty achieving their goals.
3. Expertise:
Employees will require training in programming and interacting with
the new robotic equipment. This normally takestime and financial
output.
Robotics Short Story:
The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced
to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's
Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word robotics was first
used in print by Isaac Asimov, in his science fiction short story "Liar!",
published in May 1941 in Astounding Science Fiction. Asimov was unaware
that he was coining the term; since the science and technology of electrical
devices is electronics, he assumed robotics already referred to the science
and technology of robots. In some of Asimov's other works, he states that
the first use of the word robotics was in his short story Runaround
(Astounding Science Fiction, March 1942). However, the word robotics
appears in "Liar!"r some to find the best orientation of the mask, but having
the slot face straight ahead works best.
