ssv2018 ‘TAT IC Op-amp carparatr circu clagram schematic design vexking Op-amp Comparator A comparator finds its importance in circuits where two voltage signals are to be compared and to be distinguished on which is stronger. A comparator is also an important circuit in the design of non-sinusoidal waveform generators as relaxation oscillators. In an op-amp with an open loop configuration with a differential or single input signal has a value greater than 0, the high gain which goes to infinity drives the output of the op-amp into saturation. Thus, an op-amp operating in open loop configuration will have an output that goes to positive saturation or negative saturation level or switch between positive and negative saturation levels and thus clips the output above these levels. This principle is used in a comparator circuit ce voltage (Vref) is with two inputs and an output. The 2 inputs, out of which one is a refer compared with each other. Working of 741 IC Op-amp Comparator Circui Non-inverting 741 IC Op-amp Comparator Circ! A non-inverting 741 IC op-amp comparator circuit is shown in the figure below. It is called a non- inverting comparator circuit as the sinusoidal input signal Vin is applied to the non-inverting terminal. The fixed reference voltage Vref is give to the inverting terminal (-) of the op-amp. When the value of the input voltage Vin is greater than the reference voltage Vref the output voltage Vo goes to positive saturation, This is because the voltage at the non-inverting input is greater than the voltage at the inverting input. Non-Inverting Comparator Circuit +Mce www.CircuitsToday.com atatenrr charset t-8, %9CM2 20d %ID %2AIN 22208 e%D%6Z2mar gine AM ZOONAKCEYZOpaANg IAYZOIONAZOODOKIANZOION size... 1ssw2018 ‘TAT IC Op-amp carparatr circu clagram schematic design vesting 741 1C Non-Inverting Comparator Circuit When the value of the input voltage Vin is lesser than the reference voltage Vref, the output voltage Vo goes to negative saturation. This is because the voltage at the non-inverting input is smaller than the voltage at the inverting input. Thus, output voltage Vo changes from positive saturation point to negative saturation point whenever the difference between Vin and Vref changes. This is shown in the waveform below. The comparator can be called a voltage level detector, as for a fixed value of Vref, the voltage level of Vin can be detected. The circuit diagram shows the diodes Diand D2. These two diodes are used to protect the op-amp from damage due to inerease in input voltage. Thes diodes are called clamp diodes as they clamp the differential input voltages to either 0.7V or -0.7V. Most op-amps do not need clamp diodes as most of them already have built in protection. Resistance R1 is connected in series with input voltage Vin and R is connected between the inverting input and reference voltage Vref. R1 limits the current through the clamp diodes and R reduces the offset problem. -Veat inet timer Va = Vet Vin © Vet Input and Cutput Waveforms Input and Output Waveforms For Positive Vref wor CircuitsToday.com For Negative Vref 741 IC Op-Amp Non-Inverting Comparator Waveform Inverting 741 |C Op-amp Comparator Circuit An inverting 741 IC op-amp comparator circuit is shown in the figure below. It is called a inverting comparator circuit as the sinusoidal input signal Vin is applied to the inverting terminal. The fixed reference voltage Vref is give to the non-inverting terminal (+) of the op-amp. A potentiometer is used as a voltage divider circuit to obtain the reference voltage in the non- inverting input terminal. Bothe ends of the POT are connected to the de supply voltage +VCC and - VEE. The wiper is connected to the non-inverting input terminal. When the wiper is rotated to a data wt charset ut 8 C20 SD KANE ZOEN eID %-2TaGIGAM ADDR IBKADpadNg KAANZOIODAZOODALSBKIHNL ze... 4ssw2018 ‘TAT IC Op-amp carparatr circu clagramschematic, design vexking value near +VCC, Vref becomes more positive, and when the wiper is rotated towards -VEE, the value of Vref becomes more negative. The waveforms are shown below. Inverting Comparator Circuit 9 +Vec Protection Diodes RL www.CircuitsToday.com Op-amp 741 IC Inverting Comparator Cireuit Tine,t—> Input and Output Waveforms Input and Output Waveforms For Positive Viet sev Grevstodayeom For Negative Vier 741 IC Op-Amp Inverting Comparator Waveform ‘ata testhams charset=ut-8, 63Cr2% 20h %3D K ZAIN 422K 2Oshe%ID kZ2margin%GANK OOD IEKZOpadeNg KIAKZDIODK2OORIEADAEN-size... IAssw2018 ‘TAT IC Op-amp carparatr circu clagramschematic, design vexking Comparator Characteristics 1, Operation Speed — According to change of conditions in the input, a comparator circuit switches at a good speed beween the saturation levels and the response is instantaneous. 2, Accuracy — Accuracy of the comparator circuit causes the following characteristies (a) High Voltage Gain - The comparator circuit is said to have a high voltage gain characteristic that results in the requirement of smaller hysteresis voltage. As a result the comparator output voltage switches between the upper and lower saturation lev (b) High Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) — Thi parameters such a noise is rejeted with the help of a high CMRR. common mode input voltage (©) Very Small Input Offset Current and Input Offset Voltage — A negligible amount of Input Offset Current and Input Offset Voltage causes a lesser amount of offset problems. To reduce further offset problems, offset voltage compensating networks and offset minimizing resistors can be used. atatenrrycharset=t-8, %ICM2 20d KID %2AIN 22208 eK %Z2mar gine AZO YZOpaCANg IAYZOIONAZOODOKIAMZOION size... Ale