Why did we choose the name Neoterra?

Neoterra is a space settlement that we have designed, and we want it to be like

our home planet, Earth. It will have all the facilities and all the merits of Earth,
as we want to feel very comfortable. So, we have named the space settlement
‘Neoterra’, in which ‘Neo’ means ‘new’, and ‘terra’ means ‘Earth’. The word
‘neo’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Neos’ meaning ‘new’, and the word
‘Terra’ literally means ‘Earth’ in Latin. Neoterra will be like a second Earth,
where people can feel comfortable, and most facilities are available.
What are our main objectives?
 Our main objective is mining, as we will go down to the moon to mine
out the precious minerals. People believe that the moon might have
concentrations of various rare minerals such as uranium and thorium. We
also believe there to be titanium and iron on the moon, and there may also
be some unidentified elements present on the moon. We will mine these
minerals, and then use them for various things and also sell them to
various private companies, etc.

 One of our other objectives is tourism. We plan to show the tourists what
the moon is like, and they will also be able to experience living in a space
settlement, which will be a very new experience for most people. We will
also have separate living quarters for tourists, and these tourists will also
be shown on the moon and our workplaces. We will also have various
tourist attractions that mimic Earth, and we try to make it as homely and
as similar to Earth as possible, in order to make it seem more comfortable
for the tourists. We will have tourist attractions that are unique to
Neoterra too, such as the various space tours, where people can go to
various places near the settlement.

What does our logo signify, and why did we choose it?
One of the main objectives of the space settlement is mining, and we have
chosen our logo according to that. Our logo looks like a man standing on the
crescent moon and mining. This shows that we are going to mine on the moon,
and it signifies one of our main objectives and is unique to only Neoterra. We
chose this logo because it is very distinctive, and will make us stand out and
distinguish us from other space settlements.

Why did we choose to make our space settlement in the lunar

orbit?
We chose to make our settlement in the lunar orbit, as we want to be close to the
moon in order to mine minerals more efficiently and to make it easier for us.
We will have it located in the Lower Lunar Orbit (LLO), and it will be situated
at a 27° incline. This is a frozen orbit, which means that they can stay in the
LLO indefinitely. If spacecraft in the LLO do not have any periodic boosts from
rockets in the spacecraft, they will eventually crash into the Earth. So, we will
stay in one of the frozen orbits so that we do not waste our own fuel and energy
correcting the course of our settlement again and again.
 INDEX
It is divided in 3 major parts- Structural overview, structural designs
and life support system
1Structural Overview
1.1 Shielding- 1.12 Shielding of Glass
1.13 Shielding for Solar Panels
1.14 Shielding from Meteoroids
1.15 Shielding Configuration
1.16 Shielding from extraterrestrial objects
2 Structural Designs
2.1 Exterior Designing- 2.12 Symmetry of the settlement
2.13 Major components
2.14 Minor components

2.2 Central Cylinder

2.3 Construction Sequence
2.4 Tiling in the settlement- 2.41Foundation Base
2.5 Interior Designing
2.6 Transportation-2.61 Transportation of resources and tourists-
2.62 Transportation inside the settlement
2.63 Docking system
2.7 Maintenance
2.8 Lighting and day and night cycle-2.81 Lighting inside Neoterra
2.82 Day and Night cycle
2.9 Trade, Commerce and Industries- 2.91 Trade and Commerce
2.92 Electrical Industry
 2.93 Glass industry
2.94 Medical Industry
2.95 Mining industry
3 Life support System
3.1 Environment Control- 3.12 Atmosphere, Weather and Climate
3.13Agriculture
3.14 Water
3.15 Thermal Control System
3.16 Waste management
3.2 Human health- 3.21 Healthcare and hospitals
3.22 Nutrition
3.23 Exercise
3.3 Mass media- 3.31 Communication
3.32 Entertainment
3.4 Electrical supply
3.5 Mining of an asteroid for the settlement
3.6 Precautions to be taken- 3.61 Contingency plans for failures
3.62 Bio-suits
4 Government and Economy
 STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW
1.1 SHIELDING OF THE SETTLEMENT

What is radiation?
 Radiation is subatomic particles that transport energy to another body-
whether it is an astronaut, spacecraft and everything in the settlement.
 Radiation also consists of electromagnetic rays. When a solar flare occurs, it
emits a large burst of light which consists of light rays of all wavelengths.
Some of these light waves are harmful to living things and electronic
equipment e.g. gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays, Galactic Cosmic Rays - GCRs

How is radiation harmful to settlement?

 Radiation can be harmful to living as well as non-living things.
 The energetic particles are very dangerous to humans (as well as plants and
animals which may exist in the settlement) as they pass through our skin,
depositing energy and damaging DNA in the cells.
 This damage increases our risk of getting cancer in our later life.
 Luckily for us humans, the Earth's natural protections block the most
energetic particles from reaching the ground.
 A large bubble shielding the earth, known as the magnetosphere, deflects the
particles, protecting our planet.
 The most energetic particles come from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs).
 They're particles accelerated to nearly the speed of light. They shoot into our
solar system from other stars in the Milky Way as well as from various other
galaxies.
 These particles can knock apart atoms of the material they strike, such as the
metal walls of the spacecraft, astronaut, habitat, or vehicle causing these
particles to enter the structure.

How we can protect the settlement from radiation?

Protecting the settlement station/equipment in the station:
1. Increasing the thickness of the outer walls of the settlement:
 We can protect the settlement station structure by increasing the thickness of
the spacecraft outer walls.
 The large volume of material surrounding the structure would absorb the
particles and their radiation before they reach the astronauts.
 However, using so much bulk to protect the astronaut would be very
expensive, since more the mass more the fuel required to launch.
2. Using Hydrogen:

As protons and neutrons are similar in size, there is an element that blocks both
well – Hydrogen. Polyethene – plastic commonly found in water bottles and
grocery bags used by us. This material can be used for shielding against
radiation as it contains a high quantity of hydrogen in its composition and cheap
to produce.
However, it is not strong enough to build big structures, we can consider using a
layer of it on the inner walls of the spacecraft.
This may also increase the mass of the craft and also the fuel needed to carry it
in the space.

Protecting the living things in the settlement (plants, animals, and

humans):
 If there are greenhouses built inside the settlement, they can be shielded
similarly with the help of material selected for shielding.
 Humans can use specially designed skin suits to protect themselves from
radiation while at the station.
 This will be useful when the humans have to go out of space station for any
repair work (spacewalk etc.) and can also act as an added protection from
radiation damage (even though station outer / inner wall is protected from
radiation).

What is space debris?

Asteroids, parts of other spacecraft floating in the space, damaged space crafts,
etc. are the space debris.

How is it harmful to space settlement?

Some of the space debris is stationary in the space or it may be moving at slow
or high speed in the space. The damage caused depends on the size and speed of
the debris piece. Asteroids can also come from anywhere in the space and hit
the settlement station.

How to protect the settlement from space debris?

Monitoring for debris pieces to ensure early detection and then destroying or
diverting the debris before it hits the settlement station. Destroying the debris
into smaller pieces can still be harmful. So, the best option is to divert its
collision path.
In case the debris is large in size and it is not possible to destroy it before it hits
the station, then we would move the space settlement using the thrusters.
There are different monitoring devices and equipment which can be used for
early detection of the debris.
1.12 Shielding of Glass
The Neoterra will have an observation deck and several transparent places
where you can see space. This area will be made of transparent objects to
prevent micrometeoroids and other space junk from affecting the observation
deck etc.

The transparent materials will consist of: -

1. Lunar glass which is used in various space missions =1m

2.Transparent aluminium or aluminium oxynitride or ALON. It is optically

transparent, thin, light and also bulletproof. It is transparent in the near-
ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions =1m

3. Then we will use polycarbonate which is heat resistant, the strongest

transparent plastic and is even impact resistant. They can be easily worked with
as well =1m
4. Cubic silicon nitride is one of the hardest and toughest transparent spinel
ceramic material ever made in history. It is transparent, very strong and used in
super-strong windows =1m

5. Diamond aerogel is a see-through material that is fire-resistant, extremely

light and exceptionally strong. It is bulletproof hence it will form the last and
final layer of the observation deck =1m

1.13Shielding for solar panels: -

Multi-junction cells: -
 Satellites use multi-junction photovoltaic cells. These cells consist of gallium
arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, and germanium to capture maximum
energy from the solar spectrum.
 Gallium arsenide or GaAs is used in solar panels due to its resistance to
radiation and the fact that it operates over a wide temperature range and has
high thermal stability.
 Indium gallium phosphide is used because it is mechanically strong,
lightweight and is radiation-resistant as well.
 Most semiconductors are used because they provide four times more
electricity.

Silicon cells covered in thin glass: -

 We can also use silicon cells because of its inexpensiveness and they are
semiconductors.
 These cells also use photovoltaic, that is they convert light energy directly
into electricity.
 They are made of purified chunks of silicon.
 1.14 Shielding for meteoroids: -

 Micrometeoroid-a microscopic particle in space or of extraterrestrial origin

which is small enough not to burn up in the earth's atmosphere but to drift to
the surface instead.
 The Whipple bumper will be made of aluminium which will be placed above
the catcher so that the role of the bumper is to melt, vaporize or break the
meteoroids so that he small parts will be collected in the catcher for study
purposes.
 It is effective for high impact velocities.
 Between the bumper and the catcher, there will be more layers made of
Kevlar and Nextel to disrupt any remnants of the meteoroids

1.15 Shielding configuration: –

1st layer-titanium alloy wrapped in fibreglass-1.5m carbon fibre (titanium is the

strongest metal, has a high boiling point and has low thermal expansion;
fibreglass is corrosion resistant and is an insulator of heat)
2nd layer-carbon fibre-0.5cm (is very light and is also super-insulated and
reflects heat and can withstand temperatures up to 400 degrees Fahrenheit)
3rd layer- carbon fibre-0.5cm
4th layer- aluminium-1m (is lightweight and strong, can be used in the
observation deck for shutters to protect it from impacts)
5th layer-aluminium-1cm
6th layer-titanium alloy wrapped in fibreglass-1.5m
7th layer- carbon fibre-0.5cm
8th layer- carbon fibre-0.5m
9th layer- aluminium-1cm
10th layer- aluminium-1m
11th layer- titanium alloy wrapped in fibreglass-1.5m
After these layers will be the catcher followed by the intermediate layer and
then the outer most bumper

1.16 HOW TO PROTECT THE SETTLEMENT FROM

ASTEROIDS AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL OBJECTS IN
SPACE?

 Extra-terrestrial objects in space are very dangerous but even useful as

they contain a lot of minerals on them, therefore we shouldn’t destroy
them and take advantage of these opportunities and mine on them.
 From current technology and research, they are only nine good ways to
protect a space settlement are the following: -

1. Nuclear weapons may not be original, but they're a known entity and, as a
result, a logical choice if you need to blast a boulder to smithereens. They
only problem with this way is that it would break the object several more
parts which will still affect the settlement. A more preferred option might be
to explode a missile on the side of the asteroid so that it receives a push and
alters its path. As material vaporizes from its surface, the asteroid would
accelerate in the opposite direction - just enough to steer it away from
Settlement. Another technique is kinetic impactor deflection in this
technique, in this technique an impactor vehicle hits the asteroid and changes
its path.

 We would use these for the big asteroids, we would have to use
these missiles very carefully as they are only and only needed for
big asteroids. The missiles that we may use 3M-54 Klub,
BrahMos, C-802, P-800 Oniks, P-270 Moskit and R-36M2.

2. Astronomers envision putting an unmanned probe in orbit around the

concerned asteroid. They will then shoot a laser at the asteroid’s surface, just
like in laser tag. The laser will then heat the rocky substratum, and various
gases including steam will erupt from it in fast-moving jets. Like Newton’s
laws of motion state, each eruption of gas will apply an atomic force in the
opposing direction. A phenomenon will be created similar to thrust. If the
object is heated long enough, it will hiss like a pressure cooker, and your
asteroid will be moving, millimetre by millimetre off its original trajectory.
3. Ever heard of Newton’s Cradle? The way one ball, when pushed, makes all
the other balls move too? The kinetic energy of the first ball is what gets
transferred to the other balls, thereby making them all move. Crazily,
astronomers believe the similar principle could deflect an earthbound
asteroid, on a considerably more massive scale. At this place, the first ball
will be an unmanned spacecraft similar to the probe from NASA’s Deep
Impact. Then, Deep Impact was moving at extraordinary speeds at (5 Miles
per second), which enabled it to change things, despite its minute size.
Kinetic energy depends on two factors, mass, and speed, so even though it’s
a small object if it moves fast enough. It will still make an impact.
2.1 NEOTERRA’S EXTERIOR DESIGNING
2.12 Symmetry Of The Settlement
The Neoterra's structural design would be made symmetrical to maintain
stability. The following pictures of the settlement which are divided into two
halves to show the symmetry of the TOP VIEW, BOTTOM VIEW, SIDE
VIEW and FRONT VIEW of the settlement.
2.13 MAJOR COMPONENTS
The Residential Torus
The residential torus would be the most important part of the settlement which
provides a home to a population of a maximum of 600 people. The shape of this
inhabited structure would be Neotorus as it would provide the advantages of
both simple torus and truncated torus making it the best. The torus would have a
radius of 800m. For the gravity generation, this torus would rotate at a speed of
0.903 rpm (for the generation of 1.05 g at hull). The torus would be attached to
spokes by clamps which would be attached to an inner ring which will make the
torus rotate. The inner ring would also contain Risley's prism which would help
to illuminate the torus. The clamps would have docking ports on them. This
would always be open which would always be open. The torus would also
contain transparent windows which would be used for illumination of the torus.
The torus would have a ground width of 200m while the clamps would be
popping out and would have a width of 240 m. The torus would have a vertical
clearance of 150m. The torus would be covered with layer of solar cells which
would be made out of slices of crystalline silicon (as they plentiful on the lunar
soil), gallium arsenide (as they hold the world record in efficiency for a single-
junction solar cell at 29 %) or other semiconductor materials convert solar
radiation directly into energy.

We would be using the Neotorus as it doesn't have any edge or corner as an

edge or corner in the body would tend to break away or cause instability. In the
simple torus half of its volume is wasted in making floors to prevent gravity
fluctuations. But this won't occur in a Neotorus due to its different shape. By
fusing the truncated torus and simple we have created the Neotorus.
 SIMPLE TORUS TRUNCATED TORUS NEOTORUS TORUS

The Agricultural Torus-The agricultural torus would also be of a Neotorus

shape to get more of the carpet area. The torus would be divided into many
subdivisions which would be separated by thick layers to help maintain
different atmospheres according to the plant grown. This torus would also have
many windows to allow more illumination. The torus would have a radius of
700m, a ground width of 150 m while the clamps would be popping out and
would have a width of 190m. It would have a vertical clearance of 40m. Each
segment would have different water piping, electricity wires, waste

management system so that the segments could have a better differentiation.

The agricultural torus would also be of a Neotorus shape to get more of the
carpet area. The torus would be divided into many subdivisions which would be
separated by thick layers to help maintain different atmospheres according to
the plant grown. This torus would also have many windows to allow more
illumination. The torus would have a radius of 700m, a ground width of 150 m
while the clamps would be popping out and would have a width of 190m. It
would have a vertical clearance of 40 m. Each segment would have different
water piping, electricity wires, waste management system so that the segments
could have a better differentiation.

The Industrial Torus would be the same as the agricultural torus except it
won't have any subdivisions but have an opening that will allow it to the
maintenance job by sending robots outside with the new parts and its vertical
clearance would be 60m.

The Recreational Torus and Storage Torus

These two tori would also be Neotorus with a ground width of 100m while the
clamps would be popping out and have a width of 140m. The torus would have
a vertical clearance of 80m and have a radius of 400m. Both of this torii would
have an opening, the recreational torus would have it for tourism purpose and
the Storage torus would have an opening for letting transport out and in.
The Robotic Arm
These would enable the people of Neoterra to repair the damage to its walls or
the solar panels, it would also be used to connect all the parts of the settlement
during its process of joining together. This robotic arm would consist of 3 joints
out of which one would be the control area of the robotic arm; these 3 joints
would be connected to the top of the torus by transportation cylinder. The height
of each of the cylinder would be 100m and would have a width of 20m. The
joints would be spheres of radius 20m. At the end of the robotic arm would be a
hand that would assist it in doing the work.
The Tourist Travel Station
This station would consist of 4 stations which would be semi-spheres of radius
30 m. These four stations would be connected by 2 transportation cylinders of
length 200m and width 20m. Each station would be of different purposes and
would have airlocks to let the tourist travel vehicle in and out. At the meeting
point of the two cylinders, there would be another identical semi-circle from
where there would a rod emerging which would be connected to the mirror of
radius 300m. There would be a thin base applied to this during the process of
joining all the parts to ease the process which would have the Mylar reflector
underneath its surface.
The transportation pods and the nuclear torus
The transportation pods would be used during emergencies to evacuate people
from the settlement it would also be used if a lot of people would travel
together. These transportation pods would be connected by transportation
cylinders or connecting spokes of length 200m and width 20m. At the meeting
point of these two cylinders would be an inosphere of radius 50m; it would be
assembly point during emergencies in the settlement.
The nuclear torus would contain all the materials needed to divert, catch or
destroy an asteroid. It would have an airlock opening from where the missiles of
the asteroid catching mechanism would be shot out. It would have a radius of
100m, a vertical clearance of30m and have a ground width of 30m. It would be
connected by 2 connecting spokes of length 70m and a width of 10 m.
 2.14 MINOR COMPONENTS
Spokes and Connections
The spokes would connect the inner ring to the clamps of each torus. Each of
these connectors would have a height of 20m and have a width of 50m. The
length would depend on the torus's radius.

Rotation And Attachment Rings

These two rings would be attached to the docking station of each torus. Also,
the Risley's Prism would be attached to the docking station of each
The purpose of the attachment rings is just attaching the spokes to the central
cylinder from the outer structural components (residential Neotorus,
Agricultural Neotorus). It is a black colour ring which surrounding the black
colour rotational ring which rotates along with the outer structure at speed of
 0.903 rpm to generate a gravity of 1.05g at hull except for the industrial and
storage Neotorus which would have a gravity of 0.7g at the hull to make it
easier to lift things. The main advantage of this ring is that we can rotate or stop
anything rotation according to tour desire without causing any damage or
change to the outer structure.
The mechanism of this ring: - The rotational ring and attachment ring are not
connected and the space between the two of these are covered with strong and
smooth ball bearings which will roll along with the outer structure. The
attachment ring remains stable while the rotational ring revolves.
Polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon would be applied on these ball bearings to
ease friction to cause no wear and tear. Another layer of Tetra Fluoro-ethane
would be applied to create a non-stick surface which would create an 80%
frictionless surface making the process of rotation much simpler and smoother.
To assist these rotation solar electric propellers would be installed on the
exterior of all the clamps. The spokes would also rotate for gravity generation to
allow movement and transport.

COMPONENTS RADIUS (FROM VERTICAL VERTICAL TOTAL

CENTRE) CLEARANCE GROUND GROUND
WIDTH WIDTH
Residential 800m 150m 200m 247m
Neotorus
Agricultural 700m 40m 150m 190m
Neotorus
Industrial 700m 60m 150m 190m
Neotorus
Recreational 400m 50m 100m 140m
Neotorus
Storage 400m 50m 100m 140m
Neotorus
 2.2 CENTRAL
CYLINDER

The central cylinder would be the

main connection between all
torus. This cylinder would be the
most important of the structure
which would assist the whole
settlement to maintain stability
and strength. This ring would
contain 3 types of lifts-
Passenger, Cargo, and Staff
Members. The total height of this
cylinder would be 880m and it
would have a width of 150m. It
would be a non-rotating part and
would also have no gravity. The
shape of this would be a simple
cylinder but with bevelled
corners. The lack of corners
would increase the strength of
the settlement.
2.3 Construction Sequence

The first construction of neoterra will start by the main cylinder which
will be in the middle
part of settlement containing spokes which will be connected to a torus.

The second construction will be of wire mesh for further support,

docking ports and extra tiling of the central cylinder,
and the clamps which connect the spokes to the torus.
The third construction will be started by the completion of observation decks, evacuati
pods,
and the mylar base.

The fourth construction will be of the residential torus, industrial torus, and the
agricultural torus along with shielding of all the parts already constructed.

The fifth construction will of the entertainment and the storage torus along
with the construction of the floor made in the residential, agricultural and industrial torus.
Also, the retractable solar panels would be set up in these five tori.

Also, the life support system would be added to each part of the settlement .
 The sixth construction will be of the robotic arm, the tourist transport station,
the emergency assembly point, and the nuclear torus. Along with these.
Their would-be life support and shielding checks going on.

The seventh construction will be the addition of the reflective mirrors

and mylar reflection.
Also, the interior all the torus would be made along with the life support
system check once again. The defence system would also be constructed
THE NEOTERRA WILL BE READY FOR HUMANS !!

during this time.

THE NEOTERRA WILL BE READY FOR HUMANS !!

2.4 TILING OF THE SETTLEMENT

Material Properties Size
Aluminium Oxynitride glass  high tensile strength 1m
 shock absorber
Polyhydroquinone- di  high-performance fibre 1m
imidazopyridine  high tensile strength

Superadobe  very low thermal conductivity 2m

 high resistance to radiations
radiation protection layer refer to the table given below 1m
 Aluminiumtitanate mesh  good thermal shock resistance 1m
 High service temperature
Sialon  High tensility strength 1m
 low thermal expansion

Material Properties Size

Kevlar High durability and heat 0.195 m
resistant
Loctite PL Fast Grab strongest building adhesive 0.025 m
Premium adhesive
Polyethene Foam flame resistant 0.195 m

hafnium carbide most heat resistant metal 0.195 m

Nitinol shape memory alloy 0.195 m

Sealant gel does not allow air bubbles to 0.195 m

form
Table for the radiation protection in the tiling
 FLOOR MAPPING, LAYOUT AND MATERIAL
APPLICATION

Residential Torus
This torus consists of 2 floors, the transport and observation corridor, and the
residential corridor. The transport and observation corridor would consist of
50m, below the final tiling of the residential torus. The residential corridor
would have a width of 190m above the final tiling of the torus.

Materials

NAFLON: -
This would be used to design a transparent soil made of a synthetic polymer
made of Naflon. This will closely mimic the Earth's soil and any type of plant
and trees can be grown on it. This would be the topmost layer of the tiling of the
residential torus.
POLYSTYRENE POLYDIMETHYL SILOXANE DI-BLOCK CO-
POLYMER: -
This is a bulletproof material that would be used on the floor to seal beams that
form the foundation of the buildings. These are also shock absorbent which
completely seals the entryway of penetrating objects.
ETHOXYLATED NON-PHENOLBASED ADHESIVE: -
These would be melted and applied to the foundation of the buildings.
AMORPHOUS SILICA: -
This is used for the production of concrete back on Earth and would be used for
the same reason on Neoterra but would be mixed with Naflon and Polystyrene
Polydimethyl Siloxane Di-Block Co-Polymer to make the first layer of the
floor. This mixture would contain 78.6% of Naflon, 18% of Polystyrene
Polydimethyl Siloxane Di-Block Co-Polymer and 3.4% of Amorphous silica.

These are the materials that would be used in the foundation of the buildings.
But the following material would also be used on the floor: -
The lowest layer would be the shielding done above, then the second layer
would Lotus Water Ghost pipes which will the main pipeline of the Residential
Torus. The third layer would of 20% Naflon and Polystyrene Polydimethyl
Siloxane Di-Block Co-Polymer. The next layer would be optic fibre lines for
the internet and electrical wires. The topmost layer would be a mixture would
contain 78.6% of Naflon, 18% of Polystyrene Polydimethyl Siloxane Di-Block
Co-Polymer and 3.4% of Amorphous silica.

Industrial Torus
The floor of the industrial torus would of a shock-absorbent material and would
be a hard metal. The lowest layer should be made out of the same layer used by
the residential torus. The next layer would be made of Lotus Water Ghost which
would contain the water pipeline. The layer above this would be a layer for
insulation and then above it, there would be optic fibre lines for internet and
electrical wires. The layer above this would be of Carbon nanotube-based
rubber which is a high shock absorbent. The layer above this would be of
Tufftrak Road Matting Material.
Agriculture Torus
The floor of the agricultural torus, the lowest layer would be the same as the
residential's torus. The next layer would be the Lotus Water Ghost which would
contain the water pipeline. The layer above this would be a layer for insulation
and then above it, there would be optic fibre lines for internet and electrical
wires. Above this layer, they would of Naflon which is a transparent type of
Earth's soil.

2.41 Foundation of the buildings

The materials which will be used to form the foundation of the

buildings are as follows: -

 Graphene which is an impenetrable material will be used for the

lowermost layer.
 Lotus water pipelines will be used for the plumbing system in the tori.
 Electric wires will be kept above the previous layer for electricity.
 The topmost layer will be made out of 80% Nafion, 18.1% Plysterene
Dimethyl Siloxane Di-block copolymer, 1.9% amorphous silica.

The sequence of construction of the buildings: -

STEP 1
First, a beam that will contain the materials of the foundation will be dipped in
polyvinyl acetate adhesive.

STEP 2
Then a deep pit will be dug out who's size will depend on the size of the beam.
The pit should approximately be a little smaller than the beam. Next, the
plumbing and electrical systems needed for the building will be installed inside
the pit.
STEP 3
Over the beam, a co-polymer will be poured. This beam will be rotated and
simultaneously cooled so that it will become a strong base. The adhesive will
keep the beam attached to the ground.

STEP 4
This step will be the repetition of step 1 and step 2 over and over several times
to make it big enough such that it is the size of the plan. Over this, a layer of
concrete will be poured and then cooled forming a foundation that can support
its weight and can also provide a flat and level base for construction.

2.5 INTERIOR DESIGNING

1 BHK MODEL
BUNGALOW FOR 4
COMMUNITY HALL
PLAN OF A PUBLIC AREA
HOTEL MODEL
LUXURY BUNGALOW MODEL
MODERN FLAT
SMALL TOWN HOUSE
 2.6 TRANSORTATION
2.61 TRANSPORTATION OF RESOURCES AND
TOURISTS

1. The Neoterra would be using Atlas V Rocket to transport resources to the

Neoterra. This is the fastest rocket using the current technology which can
reach the moon's orbit in 8 hrs 35 minutes travelling at a speed of 16 km per
second which is 58,536 kilometre per hour. This Rocket would cost $110
million per launch. It can take a payload of 4000lb to Moon’s orbit.
2. This rocket would be used to transport resources during emergencies like
food, water, etc.
3. The Neoterra would receive tourists. To transport them we need a rocket-like
a Starship. We would send about 110 tourists per year with the Starship
rocket whose payload is about 220,000 lb. It cost 2 million dollars per
launch, whereas the cost of building it would take 938 billion dollars and
will take about 20 years to build. To reach mars it takes about 6-9 months.
4. For minerals, the Neoterra will be using the Falcon heavy Rocket which cost
about 90 million dollars to make. The Falcon Heavy is a reusable launch
vehicle It is derived from the Falcon 9 rocket and consists of a strengthened
Falcon 9 first stage as the centre core with two additional first stages as
strap-on boosters. Its payload is about 50,000 lb. The Falcon Heavy uses
about 440 tonnes of fuel and takes about 4.5 days.

2.62 Transportation inside Neoterra

Transportation in Neoterra
There will be several ways to transport in Neoterra

1}Segways

The Segway is a two-wheeler single person transporter that balances by itself.

The Segway will be used for transport in the recreational and residential torii.
Thus the terrain also will be mostly smooth as Segway's will work better in a
smooth terrain. Each segways will have a scan and you need to enter the OTP
{one time password} to drive it unless you want to buy your own personal
which will be approximately 6500-7000 neobux.

2} Moving walkways

The moving walkway will be provided in every spoke.

The one will originate from the main cylinder towards the torii and another one
will go from each torii towards the torus so two moving walkways will be
installed inside each spoke/ transportation cylinders. It is also provided in the
residential torus. Each moving walkway will be free of cost and thus anyone
will be able to use it. Inside the spokes of the residential torus, each walkway
will be 550 m long and there are 4 spokes. The width of the walkway will be 5
m.
In the industrial torus and the agricultural torus, the length of each walkway will
be 500m long with a width of 5 m.
In the recreational and the storage torus, the length will be
250 m long and the width would be 5 m.
In the tourist station, the spokes will be about 90 m long and 5 m wide.
The price of installing this would approximately be 25,000 neobucks.
Walking on sidewalks is known to be better as they are more accessible
compared to other means of transport. With a nice network of plans in the
spokes, it can be much better compared to cars as they are not practical for a
space settlement. Each walkway will have openings periodically if you wish to
leave or enter the walkway in between the length of the spokes.

3}Self-driving pods
These pods will be used in the residential torus only for transportation inside the
torus. These pods are a great way to transport short distances. They also are
cheap as they do not have wheels and can be navigated from your phone. The
app on your phone will also show upcoming traffic which will help in the
prevention of accidents.

4}Wheelchair/ standing wheelchair

Wheelchairs will be used for the aid of disabled people. These can be used
everywhere for the convenience of people with disabilities.
Each wheelchair will be free of cost but will only be given if u have a disability.
Some can even ask for a standing wheelchair but will have to pay an extra
amount for getting it.
The price for a wheelchair will be approximately 128 neobux and for the
standing wheelchair, the price will approximately be 150 neobux.

5}Monorails
What is Monorail?
A monorail is a rail-based mode of transport, typically elevated at height. The
rail acts as its sole support and strength. The Neoterra would be using monorails
in the residential torus for the long transportation of the residents. The Neoterra
would be using Magnetic levitation type of monorails. We would be using this
as it would be a faster way of transport and would reduce the maintenance as
the train wouldn't be touching the track. It would travel at a speed of 200 miles
per hour.

Why monorails?
They are safe:-As monorail is elevated, accidents with surface traffic are
hence impossible. Zero accidents with pedestrians or surface traffic translate to
no system downtime, fewer liability suits and most significantly, a safer public.
They are environment-friendly:- As the monorails work on electricity
they are non-polluting and thus reducing carbon emissions. The quick
construction of the monorail reduces disruption of the settlement and allows
work to be done faster.
They are cost-effective:- Building monorails are like a one-time investment
as there would be no need for maintenance as the monorail would have
magnetic levitation and wouldn't be touching the rail or repair as accidents
wouldn't happen. The operational cost of the monorail is also less

6}Lift in the central cylinder

In the central cylinder, there will be 3 different lifts -the passenger lift, the cargo
lift, and the staff members lift.

The passengers lift-

The radius of this lift will be 10m. with a height of 6 m. These lifts will act as
normal lifts do. Each lift will have an emergency button which will be kept safe
inside a glass case if needed to use in case of emergency break the case and use
so that it will shoot down if pressed and reach you safely to your desired
destination. This lift will only have access to the residential torus, the
recreational torus, the escape pods, and the tourist station.

The staff lift-

The staff lift will have the same mechanism as the passenger lift but the size
will differ. The radius of this lift approximately 10m with a height of 6 m. This
lift will have access to every single place but only and only if you show your
company id card to the scanners before entering.

The cargo lift-

This lift will have a height of 6m and a radius of 30 m.
The mechanism of the lifts will all be the same. The cargo lift will only have
access to certain people.There will be approximately 2m between each lift. In
each lift, there will be a camera and a recorder which will be monitored 24/7 by
the security and there will be an emergency button mentioned before in every
lift in a sugar glass case.

2.63 Docking System

Aboard the Neoterra, there will be tourism. This will require constant arrivals
and departures of the tourists’ pods, rockets, spaceships, and other transport. All
these vehicles will require a safe place to stop and dock at the Neoterra. Our
miners will also be departing and arriving on a daily basis. They will also
require a dock.
The Neoterra is made up of 6 torii. These will, therefore, have 5 empty spaces in
between. These empty spaces are where our docks will be located. It will look
roughly something like the adjoining diagram. The areas demarcated in red are
our dock locations.
The docks themselves will be circular, encircling the central pole. They
will be 50 feet wide and made of the same material as our outer tiling.
The very top dock will be meant for the coming and going of tourists and
their vehicles. As the top torus is meant for their pleasure activities, this will be
convenient for them. Also, when arriving from far away distances, it will be
easiest to simply land on the top torus, rather than maneuverer to land on the
bottom ones. Once tourists enter, they will have to go through immigration in
which they will have to produce an identity card declaring their nationality, and
if required settlement or planet. They will have to state the duration of their
stay, their purpose for visiting Neoterra, their planned itinerary and, if they have
employed any local citizen as a guide, chef, etc, then the details of the
concerned citizen are also required. Only after written documentation of these
details is handed over and a bio-verification is done to ensure the person’s
identity, will the concerned person be allowed to pass through. The person will
then go through customs. In this process, he/she will be required to declare any
foreign goods or weapons the person may be carrying. In this case, written
documentation will be created. Afterwards, all bags will be put through various
scanners, one checking for metal, one for foreign vegetation and one for acids
or other potential weapons. If the scanners indicate the presence of restricted
goods, the bags will be drawn aside and manually checked. If restricted goods
are found, the concerned person will be penalized for not declaring the goods
earlier. He/she will then be required to stand under a bio-light which will detect
and exterminate any diseases found in the body. After withstanding the bio-
light, people will be required to go through a thorough health check-up by
trained medical personnel available there. When a person clears these
procedures, he/she will be permitted to enter and experience the wonders of the
Neoterra.
The middle torii will be meant for residents and their arrivals and departures.
Here, the immigration checks will be different, though the customs checks will
be the same as the top dock. Here, for immigration all residents must do is show
their Neo-pass to the official on duty, and they will be permitted inside after a
bio-verification. The bottom dock is meant for miners who leave for mining and
re-enter on a daily basis. As they will be under constant scrutiny from the
moment of de-embarkation to the moment of embarkation, they will not be
required to go through customs. Instead, they will be required to go through
immigration identical to the one gone through by Neoterran residents and go
through the bio-light and health check-up. After this, they will be permitted to
enter.
 2.7 Maintenance
There are many different types of maintenance. We will be using 2 types of
maintenance in our space settlement. They are- Preventive maintenance and
corrective maintenance.
Preventive Maintenance-
This maintenance is carried out at specific intervals so that it reduces the risk of
things going bad. The intervals are determined by the time it takes for a specific
device to go bad.
Corrective Maintenance-
This type of maintenance is aimed at correcting various problems after they
have occurred. However, if there is a major catastrophe, things become difficult,
as it is hard or almost impossible to repair it then.
What we are going to do-
We will have various different process going on inside Neoterra, and all of them
will have to be maintained regularly to reduce the risk of things going bad.
 We are going to use Nickel Hydrogen batteries in our space settlement.
They have an average life span of 6.5 years. We will continuously
monitor them to make sure they don’t go bad, and we will also replace
the batteries after 6 years. When their performance level degrades to a
certain point, we will replace them, boosting the performance level up
again. The same goes for all the other batteries. We will replace the
lenses of the Convertor photovoltaic cells, and replace them with new
ones when their efficiency reduces to a certain point.

 We will also have to make sure that no nuclear energy is leaking from the
nuclear containers, and we will continuously monitor them to make sure
that that is not happening. If there is some leakage, there will be a system
that detects it, and automatically kicks in, isolating the place from the
other parts of the settlement and making sure that no nuclear energy leaks
out of the room. These checks will be done constantly, as there will be a
program checking for nuclear energy. This will be efficient, and will also
keep the citizens safe from any radioactivity. However, it is not likely that
there will be any leakage, as the rough steel-reinforced containers will not
allow any leakage.
 We will also perform a routine check to make sure there is no radiation
coming in from space. If there is, we will reinforce our shielding, and
block it all out. These checks will be performed constantly by a program,
to make sure that people inside are not affected by the radiation, and are
not exposed to it for a long time, which can have adverse effects.

 We will make sure that all the lights in the settlement are working
properly, and if they are not, we will replace them with other, newer
bulbs. To make sure that the lights in the greenhouse don’t go bad and
continuously work efficiently, we will have a regular check. If these
lights go bad, it can hamper the productivity of the plants.

 There will be programs that continuously monitor the health of various

systems, and if the health of a specific system degrades to a certain point,
the maintenance crew will be sent in to get it working back up to full
productivity. These programs will be present in all systems, so if anything
is about to go bad, or if a machine is not working to its full capability, the
maintenance crew will go and fix it. This program will be completely
foolproof, making it very efficient. All of the systems and machines in
Neoterra will be monitored by this system.

 If some meteoroid collides with the spacecraft despite all of our safety
measures and gets through the shielding configuration, a program will
detect the leak and seal it off by reinforcing the shielding. We will have
shutters close down in order to close the leak and reinforce the shielding.
After that, we will have more shutters close down to seal the place of the
leak away from the other places. We will have the people evacuate to a
safe zone in the spacecraft, and then we will have a robot crew that will
go and fix the leak. However, this is also not likely to happen as our
shielding configuration is very strong.

 In the case of major disasters, the people will evacuate to a safe room,
while a robot crew deals with the problem.

 If there is any problem with the movement of the settlement, and

there is some error, the system will automatically stop working, and
a robot crew will be sent to fix the problem. If it is possible, one
 human will go with them. However, if it is not, then the robot crew
will go alone.

 For the air vents, filters, etc. there will be a routine cleaning to
prevent dust and other particulate matter from accumulating.
There will also be routine maintenance for water, urine and solid
waste pipes, which will be cleaned regularly to avoid the buildup of
any materials. These will also be cleaned by robots, as it will be
unpleasant for humans to do this job.

 The health of the plants in the agriculture and entertainment torus

will be checked, and if they have some kind of disease, we will give
them the medicine they need which will also be provided by the
plants.

 Regular maintenance of the amusement park area will be done to

avoid things from going bad and to keep the iron from rusting.

 To prevent the rusting of iron, the iron parts of machinery will be

oiled and greased regularly and will be painted using red lead
oxide paint.

 The self-driven pods will also be checked by the maintenance crew

each month in order to make sure that they are working fine and
to prevent any kinds of accidents from happening. The lifts and the
movable walkways will also be serviced after a specific period of
time, and so will the monorail.
 2.8 LIGHTING AND DAY AND NIGHT CYCLE
2.81 Lighting Inside Neoterra
OUTSIDE HOUSES
The outside of the houses and buildings would be powered by streetlights, these
intelligent street lights would use electricity generated by the solar panels put up
on the residential torus and the intelligent system can assess how much light
needs to be emitted according to the time of day, season and weather conditions.
This predictive technology allows for light to be used more responsibly, cutting
down energy consumption by as much as 30%. The street lights which would be
put up in parks and places where sports would take place would be ‘EnergyMe’
street light would be generating power from people exercising.
 The EnergyMe park lights

Vitamin D Production
Vitamin-D is one of the most needed vitamins in your body. Sunlight is the best
source of Vitamin-D and Neoterra won't have sufficient sunlight in the
residential torus. Vitamin-D not only maintains the bones and teeth but also
regulates insulin levels and aids the management of diabetes. Vitamin-D also
prevents Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Osteoporosis.
For getting Vitamin-D you can consume several medicines but the best way to
get Vitamin-d2 and Vitamin-d3 is to install fluorescent sunlamps created by
Sperti. These sunlamps provide high-intensity ultraviolet-B rays that trigger
Vitamin-d production in the skin. These sunlamps would be fixed at the houses
of the citizens and would get on at 5 am and would be on until all the residents
of that house would have the daily intake of a minimum of 1500 IU. The
maximum intake for a day should not be more than 4000 IU and should be
above 2000 IU and the rest intake would be done through the sunlight reflected
by the mirrors through the windows of the residential torus.

DayLight for the torus

 PROCESS 1) Two mirrors of 200m radius would be placed at an angle of
45 degrees to the residential torus, these two mirrors are placed at a distance
of 100 meters from the top and bottom torus, both of them would be facing
the opposite. These two mirrors would reflect sunlight towards the
residential torus’ Risley Prism placed above and below the joint (central
cylinder and the residential torus). The Risley Prism would help to illuminate
various areas of the residential torus. It would then reflect sunlight towards
the windows put up on the residential torus. These windows would be
 covered with SPD smart glass. This glass can remove the ultraviolet rays and
cosmic radiations from the light (if remaining because due to the reflection
these get eliminated). This glass has a long life and would control the total
light, heat, radiations, and glare passing through the window. The SPD smart
glass would be controlled by the computer system which sets it according to
the weather of the torus. It would dim and brighten the light to give the
feeling of dusk, noon, afternoon and dawn. The windows would be placed on
the inner side of the torus. This process’s speed would change according to
the weather of the settlement which would be made exactly like Earth’s to
get the same feeling.
 PROCESS 2) The metallic base added to the tourist station would have
Mylar reflector below it. This would be the primary reflectors in Neoterra
made out of Biaxially-Oriented-Polyethylene-Terephthalate or BoPET since
it has high tensile strength, density, and great chemical stability. This is also
one of the most reflective types of material and reflects more than 97.6%
sunlight that is projected on it.
The metallized BoPET would be coated with aluminium which is also
known as Mylar. The back of this Mylar would be coated with hafnium,
nitrogen, and carbon which could increase its melting point. This would not
allow the Mylar to melt due to the sun's rays.

Name Durat Duration

of the ion of
Season Day Night
Spring 13 11 Hours
Hours
Summer 15Hour 9 Hours
s
Monsoo 14 10 Hours
n Hours
Winter 11 13 Hours
Hours

Lighting Inside Houses and Buildings

The Sunlight lamps would power the 1 to 2 hours of your morning time as there
would be enough light outside and the morning time is probably the best time to
take in vitamin D also. These will also be able to help to get on Vitamin D as
the sunlight which would have been reflected would contain less Vitamin D.
These are available in three varieties incandescent, fluorescent and LED
varieties. The citizens would have a daily intake of 1000 IU of vitamin D (this
would be monitored by the digital tattoo on their wrist). After the daily
maximum intake would be over the sunlamps would go off. We will need the
most efficient and least energy-consuming range of lights for the rest of the day.
The best type of lights for this is undoubtedly the standard LED lights. They are
very energy efficient and also are environmentally safe as it does not contain
mercury or lead like the CFL bulbs and they last for up to 40-50 years. These
LED's are also better when using dimmer switches when compared to CFL
bulbs. CFL bulbs also last comparatively long but it is not good for the
environment as mentioned before.

Solar Paint
All buildings and the rooms of the houses will be covered with solar paint,
which is also known as photovoltaic paint as it will capture the energy from the
sunlight, and can be used to create more electricity. The solar paint will come in
various colours and would oil-based so that any marks left on the wall could be
erased. In every five the walls will be repainted. The basic plan is that
billions of small items of photosensitive material are suspended in a versatile
liquid, like associate ink or paint, which may be sprayed on to various things
and materials. The paint includes nanoparticles of titanium dioxide—which
offers achromatic colour to sunscreen and granulated sugar. The particles are
lined with semiconductive cadmium nanocrystals, and mixed with water and
alcohol, to form a golden yellow paste. The researchers dubbed the merchandise
“Unbelievable.” They brushed it onto a conductive glass conductor, and hooked
up that to a counter-electrode, to form an entire circuit. When they shined gentle
on the little sun cell, it wired out a little current.

Lighting for the other torus

The lighting for the other torus which would be 2 to 3 floors tall would be
powered by the LED lights.

Inside houses when the time increases in which you use the lights the price will
also are increased. For every unit of electricity used the price will be Rs 9.00.
The approximate unit count of each household will be 500-600 units thus the
price will be Rs 4950. Each house will have human sensors and if all the
residents leave the house if forgotten to switch off the lights all the lights will
automatically switch off thus reducing wastage of light. Only when a living
thing is moving will the lights turn on.

2.82 Day And Night Aboard The Neoterra

In any area where humans are living, they require a sense of day and night, of
time passing, to retain their sanity. Without this, people will feel adrift,
unable to coordinate themselves as they will have no sense of the passing of
time. As aboard the Neoterra, we wish to enable people to live as
comfortably as possible, we will ensure that there is a manufactured day and
night occur.

There will be one window per house measuring 4x6 feet. These will have two
panes, one for keeping off exterior pressure, to ensure that no damage will
occur to the residents through these windows. The other will be strong
enough to withstand interior cabin pressure, as this will be very high in the
vacuum of space. The outer pane will be made from a high-temperature
quartz glass, which will be able to withstand the pressure occurring in space
due to our high speeds of movement. The inner pane will be made of high-
quality alumino-silicate glass. Each window will have a minuscule light
embedded in the gap between the two windowpanes. As sunrise time occurs,
these lights will slowly start to brighten, until, by the time half an hour is
over, they will be burning at three-quarters of their full strength. As the day
progresses, these lights will slowly continue to increase their brightness, until
by noon they are burning at full strength. Afternoon, they will go into a slow
decline, until at sunset time they will dim away into complete darkness.
There will be dark covers on the outside of the window, so people do not get
a sense of the lights being artificial. There will be similarly coordinated lights
at strategic locations all over the Lumina, thus creating a sense of day and
night everywhere.
The Neoterra will be coordinated with Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and if
residents wish to wear watches, they will coordinate them with the same. The
bulbs will contain rechargeable batteries and will work partially on electricity
and partially on these. Thus, they will have to be recharged once every
month, and will not use much electricity.
At 10:00 GMT, there will be a curfew. Regular rest is required for the proper
functioning of the human body. There will be an alarm for waking up at 8:00
GMT the next morning. If people wish to wake up earlier than this for
recreational activities, that is also acceptable. This provides people with 10
hours of sleep, which is considered a healthy amount of sleep for human
adults. Sleep is necessary as a lot of important functions of the body such as
processing, restoring and strengthening occurs during this time.

2.9 TRADE,COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES

2.91 Trade And Commerce

Trade-in space develops contracting solutions, besides having a wonderful

environment and living conditions, Neoterra would be a smart trading company
which would trade in numerous ways with the Earth.
We would buy various resources which would be needed by the settlement, and
the sell the various products which we made with the advantage of being space
such as making glass, mining on the moon, making daily use products for its
resident and power transfer of the extra electricity stored.
By Trading, Neoterra will gain money by trading and venture the spent on
building it. There would also be private industries set up in the industrial torus
through contracts. These companies would mostly be of making items of daily
use.
The Neoterra will also some minor industries for, Solar panels, robots,
nanotechnology, computer systems.

There shall be 5 main industries: -

1. Electrical Industry
2. Glass Industry
3. Mining Industry
4. Daily use items Industry (set up by private companies)
5. Medical Industry

2.92 Electricity Industry

The Neoterra shall put retractable Photon enhanced thermionic emission

(PETE) solar panels. We would be using these solar panels as they are
comparatively cheap and more efficient than the others.
Due to the surplus electricity in the settlement, we would transfer it to the Earth
and sell it.

Mechanism of transfer of Electricity

The surplus energy in the settlement would be transferred to the Earth. This
would be done by the following process:-

1. Microwave Wireless Power Transmission

This method of transmission consists of RF energy, a transmitting
antenna, a transmission medium, and a rectifying antenna. In this method,
the Neoterra would transmit microwaves to Solar Power Satellite which
would be placed in the Lunar transfer orbit which will direct the
microwaves to another SPS placed in the respective half of the
Geostationary Earth Orbit. This SPS shall direct the microwaves to the
two Earth bases. Here it shall be converted to electricity.
2. Laser beam Wireless Power Transmission
In this method of power transmission, a laser beam would send
concentrated light to photovoltaic cells receiver on the Earth. The
receiver would then convert the energy back to electricity. The operation
of the photovoltaic receiver is identical to that of solar power harvesting
in which solar cells produce electricity on the falling of sunlight. But, this
method uses high-intensity laser beams on specialized photovoltaic cells
and allows higher efficiency than the solar cells. Mirror and telescopes
 would be used to aim this laser beam on the earth base. These laser beams
don't interfere with other communication signals and require small
transmission and receiving equipment. But can be disturbed due to bad
weather and has low conservation efficiency. The same path of transfer
would be used in this method.

2.93 Glass Industry

The Neoterra's one of the main industries would be the Glass Industry. This
would be so because:-
 The glass produced in space would be of very superior quality due to the
absence of moisture in it, on Earth, moisture enters the glass and reduces
its strength. Hence the glass produced in space would be very strong and
unbreakable.

 The raw material is easily available, silicon and aluminium, which are
both present in the moon's surface.

 This industry shall be located in the Industrial Torus. It shall produce

glass for trading, industrial use, residential use, etc.

2.94 Medical Industry

In today’s world, there are many dangerous and incurable illnesses and is life-
threatening. By research experiment, it has been proved that these illnesses can
be cured by medicines made in space. For this purpose, the Neoterra Medical
Industry would manufacture these medicines in abundance and sell it the Earth
for the treatment of such diseases and cure.

Why?

 Most importantly incurable diseases like AIDS and cancer can be treated
with the assistance of small gravity crystal growth since Proteins grow larger
and tons of economical within the absence of gravity. By exploiting
strategies like X-ray diffraction and atomic force, the crystals are going to be
mature higher, thus the technique of crystallography shall give associate aid
to a raised understanding of those diseases; tons of effective medicines are
going to be created. These crystals shall be created in the agriculture
research department and the medical industry department of the settlement.
 The other main reason is that we could make artificial cells, tissues and
organs and tissue regeneration, to grow this in weightlessness in achievable
and would benefit the Earth and us.

2.95 Mining Industry

INDUSTRIES-
Exploration-the first step is to locate high-quality ores.
Drilling-getting the ore out of the ground
Crushing-getting the mineral out of the ore
Separation-separating the mineral from the waste rock
Refining-Cleaning the mineral or metal
Distribution-Distributing the minerals to the places where they are required

Exploration-
We can find mining places using satellite images, experiments like if we take a
magnet near a place with high iron content it will get attracted and an iron
pocket will be located. Minerals can also be located by radar and sonar images.
Minerals can also be located with instruments like magnets for iron ore as give
before.

Extraction-
There are 2methods of mining-surface and underground mining.
Surface mining-
Digging out rocks from the surface.
First, the top layer will be removed and kept aside and after that, the mineral
will be excavated and then the top layer will again be put and this process is
known as rehabilitation.

The rock needs to be broken down so, bombs are used to break it into pieces
like dynamite. They are still very big and need to be taken to the industries to be
refined.

Underground mining-
The minerals that are located below the Earth they are excavated by digging
vertical holes. These are known as shafts.

There is one more method to excavate minerals which is to have one opening on
the surface and the mine then continues underground.
Crushing and milling –
To separate the mineral from the waste rock the ore is crushed and then the
mineral is separated. These rocks will then be sent to mills to be crushed into
even smaller pieces.
The method we are going for separation is handpicking and magnetic
separation.
Handpicking itself defines what needs to be done when the mineral is excavated
the robots will separate the mineral from its waste rock if it is in a small
quantity or else it will be crushed in the mills and then it will be separated.
Magnetic separation- in this method an electromagnetic strip will come in play,
the powdered ore is placed on the electron ethic strip and the magnetic
substances will stick to the strip while the waste rock will fall into the
containers and based on what it is it will be either thrown away or be used.

LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM

3.1 ENVIRONMENT CONTROL
3.12 ATMOSPHERE, WEATHER AND CLIMATE
 ATMOSPHERE
Atmospheric Composition:-
The load imposed by the atmosphere on objects influence the cost of habitat in
outer space. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure applied by the atmosphere
on the surface. The atmosphere’s main component will be oxygen which has
an approximate atmospheric pressure of 20-25kPa.For oxygen on
NEOTERRA, the pressure is chosen as 23kPa. But as oxygen is flammable to
make it stable, inert gas will be added. Nitrogen will be used as the inert gas to
stabilize the atmosphere. The pressure of Nitrogen on Neoterra will be 27kPa.
pO2-23kPa pN2 kPa pCO2-4kPa PH2O-1,4kPa
Figure-1.5 shows the composition of air on
NEOTERRA [the other gases include carbon
dioxide]
Total p= p Oxygen +p Carbon Dioxide+ p Water+ p Nitrogen-
51,7kPa
The mass of the atmosphere on NEOTERRA is almost half of the Earth’s
atmosphere. The atmospheric pressure is almost half of that of the Earth’s
atmosphere.

ATMOSPHERE CONTROL AND ATMOSPHERE

REGENERATION SUBSYSTEM [ACS AND ARS]
The ACS makes sure that the regulation of the air and air current is
maintained. It also helps in to maintain the atmospheric pressure. It monitors
the state of the atmosphere. While ARS provides the air.
Extra oxygen makes it flammable and causes altitude sickness and extra
carbon dioxide may make a person faint.
We breathe normally of 1kg carbon dioxide every day. Even though in
less amount there will be pollution like the recycle centres. Removal of
Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere includes methods like bio-
regeneration [ Photosynthesis and respiration]. Separating and collecting
Carbon Dioxide [Silicon]. To purify the air HEPA filters will be installed
in the ventilators.

VENTILATION, HUMIDITY AND

TEMPERATURE SUBSYSTEM
This system helps with the flow of air in pressurized modules. It also helps to
maintain the temperatures around 23 degree Celsius and maintain the amount of
humidity to about 60perecnt.

FIRE DETECTION
SUBSYSTEM

If the amount of oxygen level increases or the temperatures go above 23

degree Celsius the detectors attached will also have manual fire extinguishers
if required and they will release carbon dioxide in the air to decrease the
oxygen level and reduce the temperature. Smoking aboard on NEOTERRA is
forbidden. There will be flame detectors and smoke detectors attached in the
ventilators and cooling ducts.

Weather And Climate Of NEOTERRA

The residents of Lumina Space Colony would need weather and climate to
survive as they do in Earth with appropriate humidity level, temperature and etc
according to the weather, whether it is Summer, Winter or Rainy and Autumn.

CYCLE OF SEASONS
The following table shows the humidity level and temperature during the
seasons. This would be controlled by a computerized system and the seasons in
Lumina.
NAME OF START AND TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY
THE END LEVELS
SEASON
Winter December to 10–15 °C (50– 25–30 %
February 59 °F)

Summer March to May 25–32 °C (77– 35–39 %

90 °F)
Rainy June to September 26–34 °C (80-95 °F) 50–70 %

Autumn October to 16–20 °C (61– 31–40 %

November 68 °F)

INCREASE AND DECREASE TEMPERATURE

Thermo-acoustic Refrigeration(for decreasing temperature)
The supply from which acoustic waves are made is understood as the "driver".
the motive force emits a sound frequency in an exceeding tube filled with high-
pressure gases. This tube is understood as the resonator. Between the tubes,
there is a "stack" of porous fabric that’s strong and solid in order to dam the
direction of the sound frequencies. Then thermo-acoustic result takes place in
order to chill down the distinctive end and turn out refrigeration.
Thermal Induction(for increasing temperature)
Water will be used to increase the temperature of the residential torus. This will
be carried out by using Thermal Induction. Wastewater will be heated using
thermal induction after which the air produced during the heating of the
wastewater will be supplied to the residential torus without any delay.
CONTROLLING HUMIDITY
Humidity will be controlled the use of those devices

Ultrasonic Humidifiers(for increasing humidity)

Ultrasonic Humidifiers have a metal diaphragm which pulsates at a frequency
that cannot be heard with the aid of human ear. This approach is comparable to
loudspeakers. This frequency will produce water droplets.

Molecular sieves(for reducing humidity)

The molecular sieves which will be used to put off humidity from the climate
could have pores which could be of 0.19 nanometers.
CREATING RAIN AND SNOW
Cloud Seeding
To create artificial rain cloud seeding approach would be used. During this
technique, Silver Iodide is dispersed into the air which acts as nuclei for the
water to condense around. Therefore humidity is often increased to very high
above place where it is to rain and then silver iodide could also be released into
the air. This would possibly rain. During the wet season in any a part of the
LUMINA, it would rain approximately a couple of times a week.

3.13 AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE ON NEOTERRA-
Space farming refers to cultivating crops on celestial objects in
space whose agriculture is equivalent to Earth. We plan on doing the same
onboard on NEOTERRA. Agriculture is part of what makes habitat in outer
space self-reliant and self-sufficient. Plants not only remove the carbon dioxide
and provide oxygen for breathing but they also provide us with food,
clothing and medicines. We plan on using Terranium to grow plants. The
terrarium is the method of growing plants. In this method the plant is in a glass
box in which it is watered sufficient water at the start then it creates its own
small water cycle, it uses its transpiration water again and again. This method
has turned out to be fabulous.

As there are short-termed residents and tourists there are no plans for future
expansions; it is nevertheless more than enough. There will be 4 levels, there
will be a gap of 3 metres between the first level and the ground. Each level will
be of 3 metres. The dimensions will be as follows-

The surface area of a ring torus-

4 × π2 × R × r

LEVEL LENGTH [metre] AREA [metre square]

First level 11 550 2.186
Second level 12 850 3.016
Third level 13 1,025 3.45
Fourth level 14 1, 120 5.89
Total area 29.082-metre square

Fig 1 shows the dimensions of each level

Figure 1.2 shows the agriculture area along 1side [Figure not to scale]

Harvest Index-
It is the ratio of harvested grain to total shoot dry matter. It is used as a measure
of reproductive efficiency. It is used to calibrate the yield of a crop versus the
total amount of biomass. The biomass=
Photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O=6H2O+C6H12O6 [edible
biomass] C6H12O6+ 6O2 [inedible biomass]
Respiration= C6H12O6 [grown food] C6H12O6+ 6O2 [supplied food] =6O2+
6H2O
The edible biomass of food is equal to the mass of grown food. If the oxygen
and water levels increase the edible biomass exceeds as a result of carbon
dioxide when taken in, they do not give oxygen. When the glucose and water
levels when produced increase the oxygen level becomes greater than the levels
of oxygen humans need and due to high levels of oxygen, the atmosphere
becomes flammable.
PLANT HARVEST QUANTITY[g/day] AREA

RICE 90 100 36.5

TOMATO 90 100 15.64
CARROT 90 100 10.9
EGGPLANT 90 100 21.9
WHEAT 90 200 15.64
PEA 90 150 41.1
LETTUCE 90 100 21.9
SOYBEAN 90 100 24.3
POTATO 90 200 15.64
BRINGAL 90 100 27.7

Figure 1.3 shows the plants grown and at what extent and quantity per person
every day(we will have a special genetically customised plant consumed every
once a week, called Teo)

TRANSPIRATION

CONSUMPTION AMOUNT PRODUCTION AMOUNT

CARBON 40-300 g/day EDIBLE 20-40 g/day
DIOXIDE BIOMASS
WATER 5-10 kg/day INEDIBLE 4-20 g/day
BIOMASS
MINERAL 10-100 mg OXYGEN 30-220 g/day
NUTRIENTS

ILLUMINATION 8-24 hrs WATER 5-10 kg/day

DURATION
ENERGY 13-170 W

Figure 1.4 shows the consumption and production plans of plants

PLANTS CULTIVATED
The plants best grown in hydroponics
are peanuts, rice, lettuce, cabbage, capsicum, wheat, soybean, etc…. The plants
that will be grown on NEOTERRA are as follows- wheat,
tomato, carrot, brinjal, eggplant, pea, lettuce, soybean, potato and rice.
These plants when taken in particular proportion give us all the nutrients
required in our day to day lives.
PLANTS REQUIREMENTS-
The 3main things required by plants are carbon dioxide, sunlight and water.
The sunlight will be provided through SAD lamps, the water will be provided
through water supply and the carbon dioxide will be carried from the earth
and the supply will be infinite due to the harvest index.
TRANSPORTATION-

The containers of the plants are opened and their food is obtained
manually. The food is transported through the lift carried in special
containers that can hold up to 100kg, the extra food will be stored. The food
will be cultivated every day for the 90days of cultivation. This food will be
stored and then used for cooking purposes.

3.14 WATER
Water Recovery
There are two ways to obtain water in space. Firstly, from human urine, and
secondly from the lunar surface.
From human urine-
There will be a urine-diverting toilet in the bathroom. This will divert human
urine to a tank after being expelled from the human body. All the tanks
under the various toilets will lead to a single, larger isolated sanitized unit.
When this larger unit is full, it undergoes the nitrifying process to convert
ammonia in urine to nitrate (NO3-). This is accomplished by introducing
bacteria like Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter to human urine. During the
nitrification process, the nitrate and ammonia levels should be constantly
monitored. After this process is completed, which should take anywhere
between 20-30 days, the urine is distilled. The water (H2O) content in the
urine is thus separated from the various chemicals in the urine. Human urine
contains 95% water, so all this water if the process is done correctly, is
collected. The water then undergoes purification processes by boiling, and
filtration through a membrane filter. Thus, we have water safe for drinking.
From mining-
Asteroids and meteors can be mined and captured for water, it is believed
that the first meteoroids got water to our Earth. For this would use small
rockets, the first rocket sent to the concerned asteroid would contain LRO's
LEND-
  Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector- It can help to find
hydrogen on the moon which indicates the presence of water.
The water is mostly present under lunar soil in the south pole
of the moon. It can also be located on the craters.
 We have made modifications to the LEND because the
LEND continuously orbits and is never in one place as NASA
have already found many places which strongly suggested the
presence of the water
 We will send the LEND over there first and we would need
4-5 to LEND to keep track of the water presence. We would
also add one LEND to our Mining Rover so that it can easily
mine after confirming DATA it receives.
 We will also try to make a bigger type LEND to save cost and
for detailed & fast DATA. The other way is to just send are
mining rovers to the areas that are found by NASA LRO and
check if there is water, meanwhile, our LEND will be
searching for other places with water.

The second contains a rocket that would contain either the asteroid capturing
mechanism or mining system depending on the amount of water available.
The asteroids and Moons that our under target now are the following:-

1) Themis
2) (2060) Chiron
3) Cybele
4) Vesta
5) Ceres
6) Psyche
7) Itokawa
8) Bennu
9) Ryugu
10) Earth’s Moon
11) Pallas

Through mining on the moon-

As the water mostly evaporates on the moon, some places receive no
sunlight and are very cold and the water remains frozen as lunar ice. When
the moon was volcanically active the lava spewed out and cooled forming
glass beads that contain water.
 Oxygen makes up 45% per cent of lunar surface and water was created when
this oxygen reacted with hydrogen, which is present in the solar winds.

3.15 THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM

THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM [TCS]
The TCS is necessary to keep the temperatures in the habitat constant so that all
the machinery works appropriately, and the temperature is suitable for plant
growth and other life. The temperatures will be 23 degree Celsius at all times.
The thermal control system is divided into 2subsystem- the active and passive
thermal control subsystem [ATCS and PTCS].

ACTIVE THERMAL CONTROL SUBSYSTEM-

The temperature is kept above the lower temperature of the gadgets electrically

during the cold phases. There will be fluid loops to transfer the heat emitted to
the radiators. They are the two-phase loops consisting of heat pipes, loop heat
pipes and capillary pump loops. There will be louvres. The thermoelectric
cooling creates a heat flux at the junction of 2 materials. There will be an
internal
thermal control system [ITCS], external thermal control system [ETCS] and
photo-voltaic thermal control system [PVTCS]

PASSIVE THERMAL CONTROL SUBSYSTEM [PTCS]

The MLI [Multi-layer insulation] protects the settlement from excessive heat
from solar and planetary heat and from the cold when the settlement is well
deep in
space it will keep it warm. Thermal filters will be installed at selected
interferences to improve the thermal coupling. Thermal washers to reduce
thermal coupling at selected interferences. Thermal doublers to spread the heat
on radiator surfaces. OSR [optical solar reflectors] to improve the heat rejection
capability of external radiators and to reduce external solar flux.

There will be radiators placed in the hybrid torus, the double cylinder, the
column and the torus. The PVTCS and the ETCS use ammonia in their loops
to collect and eliminate waste heat.
3.16 WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste Management Aboard The NEOTERRA

When people are living in space, as we propose to do in this project, they

will invariably produce waste. This waste must be safely and cleanly
disposed of. The following system has been devised for that purpose.
There will be a urine-diverting toilet in the bathroom. This will divert human
urine to a tank after being expelled from the human body. All the tanks
under the various toilets will lead to a single, larger isolated sanitized unit.
When this larger unit is full, it undergoes the nitrifying process to convert
ammonia in urine to nitrate (NO3-). This is accomplished by introducing
bacteria like Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter to human urine. During the
nitrification process, the nitrate and ammonia levels should be constantly
monitored. After this process is completed, which should take anywhere
between 20-30 days, the urine is distilled. The water (H2O) content in the
urine is thus separated from the various chemicals in the urine. Human urine
contains 95% water, so all this water if the process is done correctly, is
collected. The water then undergoes purification processes by boiling, and
filtration through a membrane filter. Thus, we have water safe for drinking.

The human faeces, after being expelled, will be similarly diverted and
collected in tanks below the expulsion units for temporary storage, and from
there it is diverted to a large, isolated and sanitized storage unit. When this
storage unit is full, 25% of the contents are diverted and made into fertilizer.
This technique will be described later in this document. The remaining 75%
content of the tank is boiled so that the water content evaporates. This water
content is collected separately and condensed, after which it undergoes
several purification treatments similar to the purification treatments
undergone by urinary water content above. The water is now safe to drink or
to use for other purposes like irrigation, washing, electrolysis for oxygen,
etc. Meanwhile, the left-over dry matter from the faeces is stirred vigorously
in a churner to produce an evenly mixed sludge-like mixture. This stirring
can either be done manually, depending upon resources or mechanically.
This even sludge is now put through a pressurized tube and heated up to 650
degrees Fahrenheit. This step is done to burn off any harmful gases and also
make the faeces odourless and safe to handle. The mixture is then subjected
to pressures of up to 3000 pounds per square inch. This causes the sludge to
liquify. The liquid that now comes out is very similar to naturally made
crude oil and can be refined in a similar method and used for similar
purposes. This method mimics the way the earth creates crude oil. This
system is based on the system devised by the US Department of the Energy’s
Pacific Northwest National laboratory.
The remaining 25% will be made into fertilizer, using the process described
below.

During agriculture, there will be agricultural waste, such as dried leaves and
rotten fruits. Since we have a large number of people, there will also be large
quantities of food waste. These will together be composted in the method
described below so that they can be used as fertilizer. In case of emergency,
human excreta will also be added into the compost bins.

BACKUP

In space, there are chances of these systems malfunctioning or breaking

down for any reason. For such cases, contingency measures must be put into
place. It must be assumed that in such cases there will be a complete loss of
energy so as to be prepared for any situation. Therefore, in such cases, both
urine and faeces will be emptied into one large rotating drum. This drum can
either be rotated manually or on electricity. Sugarcane baggage (the fibrous
residue left over after chewing sugarcane) will be added into the mix, along
with any other food scraps. This sugarcane residue will speed up the process.
This rotating drum will also have sharp metal ‘teeth’ inside, used to shred the
excreta into tiny inch sized pieces. Woody scraps containing carbon or even
plain carbon should be added with nitrogen in the ratio 30:1. These scraps
 can be obtained from the stems of plants around the Neoterra, some of which
will have woody stems. Lastly, the mixture is heated to about 160 degrees
Fahrenheit, to kill any disease-causing bacteria. Compost accelerators can
also be added. These will be stored on shelves built into the side of the
composter itself. After 14 days or so of this process, one will find nutrient-
rich fertilizer, available to use for agriculture.

3.2 HUMAN HEALTH

3.21 HEALTHCARE AND HOSPITALS
Healthcare In Space Settlement

Healthcare in space settlement

Healthcare in space settlement will be on the principle of prophylaxis. It will not
be the same as we have on Earth. There will be new challenges as the living
condition will be altogether different, so health concerns will also be different
and may require extensive research.

Even on Earth, shortly, healthcare will transform into a different level because
of the extensive ongoing research in the field.

Healthcare in the settlement will work based on prevention is better than cure.

1. General Healthcare Of Residents.

We will use health sensors that will monitor all the vital parameters (BP, Pulse,
heart function, respiration, sleep, etc.) of individuals and maintain the records.
Every individual will wear a digital tattoo on their wrist that will measure all the
vital signs continuously and send the information to the health centre regularly,
which will work 24*7. There will be one health center/100 inhabitants.
Each Health centre will have 2 Robot which will be trained by a doctor for
accurate diagnosis and administrating medicine to patients and will do work of
assistant or nurse such as lift patients, assisting surgeries, disinfecting rooms,
dispensing medication, keeping company and 2 doctors to monitor, in case
human intervention required.

Most patients will be treated in the comfort of home but if required will be
hospitalized.
As the colony is enclosed so there are always chances of an outbreak of
infectious diseases, if any infectious disease is diagnosed patient will be
immediately isolated.

WE WILL USE FOLLOWING ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

TO TREAT DISEASES:
1) Nanotechnology
Nanoparticles and Nanodevices will operate as error-free drug delivery
systems, cancer treatment device or even tiny surgeons. Nanodevices
could be in the form of "digestible pill" These tiny pills or nanobots
could track down the swallowing or digestion of harmful drugs or pills.
With the patient's approval, the edible device communicates with a
wearable device patch if the drug is taken, then the knowledge is
transmitted to the golem or the doctor through a watching and following
device. This will help to administer medicine where it is required to
eliminate its side effects on other parts of the body.

2) Synthetic Tissues
Through 3D
Bioprinting
3D bioprinting tissues will help to test a new medication or cosmetic
products on synthetic materials and organs would grow in Lab. This
technology is used to print tissues such as liver, bone, skin, and even cancer
tumours that can then be used to develop new cancer treatments.

3) CRISPR And
Genomics
We will have the chance to edit our cells in our immune systems with
CRISPR to improve them against diseased and harmful cells and to help
them kill these hostile bodies in time. Gene editing will also help to cure
much incurable autoimmune disorder such as muscular dystrophy, paralysis,
cancer, etc.

4) Robotic Surgery
 Robotic surgery is employed in minimally invasive procedures and helps to
assist inexactness, management and suppleness. Throughout robotic surgery,
surgeons will perform terribly advanced procedures that square
measure otherwise either extremely troublesome or not possible. Because
the technology improves, it is often combined with increased reality to
permit surgeons to look at vital further data concerning the patient in real-
time whereas still operative. Whereas the invention
raises considerations that it'll eventually replace human
surgeons, it's seemed to be used solely to help and enhance surgeons’ add the
long run.

5] Smart Inhalers
Inhalers are the most treatment choice for respiratory disease and if
taken properly, are effective for 90% of patients. However, in
reality, analysis shows that solely concerning 50% of patients have their
condition in restraint and as several as 94 % don't use inhalers properly.
To help respiratory disease sufferers to higher manage their condition,
Bluetooth-enabled smart inhalers are developed. A tiny low device
is connected to the inhalator that records the date and time of every dose
and whether or not it absolutely was properly administered.
This knowledge is then sent to the patients’ smartphones in order that
they will keep track of and management their condition. Clinical trials
showed that mistreatment the smart inhalator device used less
reliever medication and had additional reliever-free days

Hospital In Space Settlement

There will be a single well-equipped hospital in our settlement. It will
have all the facilities for the entire speciality in one place. This
hospital would be mostly used for researching new technology and
doing surgeries. The ambience will be attractive and there will be a
unit for different specialities and will be more comforting and
accessible to patients.

Exposure To Radiation In Space

One hazard even the healthiest figure can’t avoid is radiation. Even with
shielding engineered into the walls on the space platform, NASA says
astronauts receive ten times additional radiation than
naturally happens on Earth. While not Earth’s magnetic flux and
atmosphere to safeguard them from radiation, astronauts face radiation,
with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and
fatigue. Space radiation conjointly will increase the risks of
cancer, harm to the central systema nervosum, and chronic tissue diseases
(such as cataracts and viscus and circulatory diseases). This can prevent
by making the shields, transport vehicles and astronaut suits which are
made out of materials which are high on hydrogen. A way is -
Antioxidants like vitamins C and A will facilitate by sopping up
radiation-produced particles before they'll do any damage.

Exposure To Different Magnetic Field And Lack Of Gravity

A lack of gravity doesn’t solely cause bone and muscle loss, however
transitioning to completely different gravity fields may have an effect
on spatial orientation, head-eye and hand-eye coordination, balance and
locomotion. It will even cause ailment.
As research cautions, if you don’t exercise and eat right, you'll lose
muscle strength, endurance, and skill has to decondition since
it doesn't take effort to float through the house.
Fluids are another tough issue since bodily fluids shift upwards
in house, which might build your legs briefly skinny and place pressure
on your eyes that cause vision issues. This can be treated by maintaining
a proper meal plan and doing a minimum of 1-hour exercise a day.
3.22 NUTRITION
Nutrition
What is CRISPR?
Every living organism needs nutrition, in some form or the other, and we
humans are no exception. We do not plan to have animals on our space
settlement, as we will need extra food, water, and other supplies that we cannot
afford to spare. Our nutrition will be provided by plants. Scientists have
invented a new technology called CRISPR or Cas9, which is basically a simple
yet powerful tool that can be used to edit genomes or genes. The process starts
with a guiding RNA, which takes Cas9, an enzyme which can cut DNA apart, to
the targeted spot. The Cas9 then zips open the DNA and damages the DNA.
After that, the body begins to repair the genome, and in that process, we get the
body to make our own edits, thus changing part of the DNA. So, we manipulate
the body to make the changes we want in the DNA.
How we will use CRISPR in Neoterra -
 We could use this technology to mutate specific plants to produce a plant
that can grow fast, has carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and
minerals. We will make these changes to whatever plants that grow there
but will not change the taste of the fruit.

 We also have a national fruit of Neoterra, which will be called the

Newberry. This plant will be the ideal plant, with all the pros listed below
along with a unique taste that makes it different from other fruits, and
absolutely unique. This plant will have unique properties which will
allow it to exterminate all kinds of disease-causing bacteria, viruses,
fungi, and parasites. The juice of this plant will be given to visitors when
they arrive in order to rid them of all disease-causing bacteria and prevent
any diseases from entering the settlement.

 First of all, we will increase the life span of the fruit, to make it perennial,
so that we don’t have to grow the plants again and again. We will also
increase the number of calories in it, as we need an average of 2250
calories to sustain us throughout the day.

 We will have them use fewer nutrients in order to grow, as that will help
us conserve our supplies, and we will have excess nutrients in case we
need them for anything else. We want them to take up less place, as the
 amount spent will reduce if we compact our spaces as much as we can,
and we can make the fruits bigger in size so that we get a lot of food out
of one single plant.

 We can also increase the number of fruits one plant will bear, which will
mean that we will need less space for growing the plants, and we can use
the excess space for something else.

 We will also have the fruit contain everything we need to sustain

ourselves- The required amount of carbohydrates (45-65%), proteins (12-
20%), fats (less than 30%) and vitamins and minerals.

 They will still respire in the same way as normal plants, that is, they will
take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, as we too need oxygen in
order to survive.

 We are going to use various fruits and vegetables for our nutrition. As we
are going to have all the vegetables have the same ratio of nutrients, it
will not make a difference to what we eat. We will still cook our food in
order to make it seem more appealing. This cooking of food will not
change the number of nutrients in the fruit at all, as we will edit their
genomes to prevent this. We will also cook them in a very efficient
manner to prevent any wastage of nutrients and food.

 Some of the plants that we will eat are wheat, rice, onions, tomatoes,
apples, bananas, potatoes, beans and figs. We will also have other plants
that will be grown to provide flavour to other dishes like red chillies,
black pepper, and cloves. These are just examples, and we will have a
much wider variety of things in Neoterra.

 We will also have another type of plant which can be used to make cloth,
and we will be using this plant to make our clothes. It will be similar to a
cotton plant, with similar characteristics, but with a bigger cotton bud. It
will also be very compact, and we will also make it very fast-growing,
needing very few nutrients. One plant will also bear more than five cotton
buds, making the plant very efficient. We will use this plant to make
different cloth. We will change the genomes of different plants to make
them different colours, which will save us the cost of dyeing them too.
  Various medicinal plants will also be grown inside the torus, and they
will be used to treat both humans and plants.

 The genome-editing process is also quite cheap compared to other

processes, as it is much easier and cheaper to produce RNA than it is to
produce highly customized proteins to do the same thing. So, all in all, we
reduce the amount of money by making everything more compact and
present ourselves with one plant that can sustain everyone in the
settlement, by providing them with everything they need. This system
will be quite sustainable, as we will be conserving our supplies, which
will help us a lot in case of emergencies.

3.23 EXERCISE
EXERCISE IN SPACE

Exercise is one of the most important parts of a daily routine for an astronaut,
preventing bone and muscle loss. Astronauts should exercise for at least 2 hours
a day. The equipment used in Earth would be different from the equipment used
on space. For example, lifting 100 pounds on Earth would be very difficult as
lifting the same 100 pounds on space would be quite easy. The exercise
equipment the men and women will use must be designed especially for use in
space for the astronauts to exercise regularly. Also, the International Space
Station (ISS) is equipped with three machines: A Treadmill, a bicycle and a
weightlifting machine called ARED. It is also very important to exercise in
space because if the astronauts don’t exercise.

Zero Gravity Football – Zero gravity football is a type of game played in a zero-
gravity environment. Depending upon the number of people available ( max –
15 ). To play this sport, we need equipment such as solar electric Jetpacks and a
football suitable for the zero-gravity environment. The speed of the football will
be depending on the force with which it is kicked as there will be sensors on the
zero-gravity football.

Galactic racing— Galactic racing is basically microgravity which works on

tracks with metalled roads on the side. The tracks will be made up of iron and
we will attach electromagnets on the wheels of the galactic bike so that it sticks
to the ground and does not lose balance.

Omni Directional Treadmill – It is a virtual reality (VR) treadmill which

requires the player to wear virtual reality glasses. It is a large treadmill that can
move in any direction depending upon the direction which the player wishes to
move. Using these glasses, several places can be generated.

Zero gravity basketball—Zero gravity basketball is a game played depending

upon the number of people present (max 7aside).It is a game played in a zero-
gravity environment. Player and ball equipment are the same as zero gravity
football.

Virtusphere—It works on the same principle as the omnidirectional treadmill.

The only difference is that it uses a rotating sphere which is better for
simulating shooting games.

3.3 MASS MEDIA

3.31 COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATING WITH THE SETTLEMENT

We plan on using NASA’s Near the Earth network or the NEN to communicate
with our settlement and our lunar bases. The NEN is used by national and
international missions to communicate with near-Earth missions. Our bases will
be - SSC Santiago, Chile

 SANSA Hartebeesthoek, South Africa

 SSC space USA Dongara, Australia

WE will have our own relay satellites in space which will be given the message
by the NEN in the form of radio waves, these radio waves will be then
transmitted to our settlement. These relay satellites will help us establish a
network and communicate with our settlement and lunar bases. Our satellite will
be in the Geostationary orbit of the Earth. This satellite will play an important
role in the communication taking place inside the settlement through the cellular
network.

COMMUNICATION IN THE SETTLEMENT

CELLULAR NETWORK
There will be relay towers installed in the settlement, these relay towers will be
connected to our relay satellite, these relay towers will have antennae which
will produce cells, these cells will be used by the cell phones this network is
known as a cellular network. Each area will have different towers and each
tower will have a different frequency hence, it can be traced to its source.

INTERNET
 We will have a base on every torus for the internet, we have chosen to use
wired internet in our settlement as it is more reliable compared to wireless
internet connections. We will use optic fibre lines which will be under the
ground. An optic fibre line consists of 3 parts-
 The fibre- the outer covering made-out of optic fibre.
 The core-the glass tube inside the optic fibre.
 The light-the light contains different frequencies which help you derive your
data.
 There will be output in every public area.

3.32 Entertainment
Why is entertainment necessary?
Entertainment is an essential part of our lives. It can help people relieve their
stress, and takes their mind off things. It is also a thriving industry, with a huge
number of people making their living from it. Entertainment is meant to make
us happy, and to let us enjoy. Some examples are reading books, watching
movies and videos, playing all sorts of games, listening to music, and all sorts
of things. Many people consider many different things of entertainment for
them, and thus we strive to give people many different forms of entertainment
within Neoterra.
Entertainment in Neoterra-
 The Internet is something which links devices together, and we will also
have internet in Neoterra. This internet will be shared with the internet on
Earth. We will do this by making a satellite which will constantly
transmit all the information on Earth to Neoterra, and this information
will be saved in the database. This exchange of information will go both
ways, so if the people on Neoterra wish to upload things onto the internet,
they will be transmitted to Earth. On the internet, we will have various
applications for movies, books, video games, and music, which can be
accessed only in you are a resident of Neoterra.

 People outside of Neoterra will not be able to access these applications,

as you will need to show your Neo-pass in order to access these. The
device will scan the device and then let you download the application.
Tourists will have to pay a much larger amount in order to access these
applications. After the tourists leave, they will also not be able to access
these applications on Earth. For residents of Neoterra, the internet
connection itself will be free, and available on-demand. However, they
will have to pay for a subscription in order to access the applications.

 We will have a game room for video games, which will have game
consoles and other equipment, and people can download games from the
internet and play them in the room.

 The people on Neoterra will have to pay for their electronic devices on
which they can access the internet and the various apps. We will also
have virtual reality headsets for sale, which people can use to watch 3D
movies.

 For physical games, we will have various courts for different games –
like basketball, football and volleyball – and we will also have people pay
or these various amenities. They will have to pay a certain amount
monthly in order to play in these courts. If they only want to play in the
court once, they will also have to pay a smaller amount in order to gain
access to the courts and equipment. The tourists will have to pay a larger
amount in order to access these amenities, and the general population of
Neoterra will have to pay a smaller amount. We will provide residents
 with proper equipment and courts. People will either have to pay for the
equipment, or they can rent them out for a certain fixed price.

 We will also have a common meeting area so that people can interact
with their fellow citizens. There will also be this hall, where many people
can watch movies together, have various performances, parties, meetings,
competitions, etc. Screens, speakers, etc. will be provided on the request
of the people. This hall will have to be rented out in order to use it. This
is available to both tourists and residents.

 We will also have various tourist attractions made out of lunar soil on
Neoterra. They will be an obelisk dedicated to the main engineers and the
creators of Neoterra. We will also have various other structures, meant
mostly for attracting tourists and to please the eye. We will also have
various viewing stations in Neoterra, so when they can, the people can
see the various mining work sites on the moon through a telescope.

 We will also have virtual museums. People can see these for free on their
virtual reality headsets and electronic devices. They will be about the
history of Neoterra and how it was made. We will also have a few
museums on the history of human life.

 We will also have regular trips to various places outside the settlement as
a part of the tourist activities. There will be routine trips to the Moon
Base and to the International Space Station. We will also have spaceships
going to the edge of the Earth’s atmosphere so that the tourists can see the
planet from space, and admire its beauty.

 The topmost torus in our settlement will also be dedicated to

entertainment. It will be divided into 3 parts – For water activities, our
spas, and our amusement park area.

 For the section where we will have water activities, we will have various
artificial hills, which will be covered with artificial grass, which will look
and feel like real grass. The artificial hills will be hollow, and the pipeline
for the water down to other places will go through them. They will be a
 basic framework of metal with artificial grass on them so that they look
like hills. We will also have various small trees that will be planted
randomly throughout the torus. Their genomes will be edited so that they
use minimal water and nutrients and will get their nutrients through
hydroponics. The pipeline will be hidden by the fake grass so that it looks
like it is growing from the ground. We will also have a waterfall situated
in this torus. We will get the water for the waterfall through urine and
mining, and this waterfall will empty out into a lake, which will act as a
reservoir. We will also have a small water body that is separated from the
waterfall and the lake, and we will have various water activities like
kayaking in this small area. People can also swim in this area. A video of
the Earth’s sky will be projected on the ceiling so that it looks like the sky
and gives a feel of the Earth. It will look as if the clouds are moving and
will make it look realistic.

 For our spa section, we will have various different rooms. The entire
section will be one complex, with different rooms for different things. It
will be a place where the residents, as well as the tourists, will be able to
go and relax. We will have various scents there, which will be used for
massaging. Instead of having humans in the spa, we will have robots,
who will do most of the work. There will be a few humans who will
supervise them, but not many. There will also be a parlour in this section,
with 2 to 3 rooms in the complex dedicated to it. This parlour will be
there for festive occasions and festivals when people wish to look their
best.

 Our amusement park section will have a Ferris wheel and a roller coaster.
We will also have a place for the annual Neofestival, which will be
celebrated for 3 days a year to celebrate to the origin of Neoterra. There
will be shops opened, and there will be a lot of Neoterra merchandise
which will be sold to tourists and the resident of Neoterra. It will be a
holiday for most of the residents, but some people will still have to go to
work as we cannot leave all the machines unattended. The prices for the
tourists will be lowered, and most other things will also be cheaper.
Tickets to go out into space will also be increased in number and cheaper,
and the same goes for the service given at the spas.
.

3.4 Electrical supply

Electricity will be a very important material in space. We will use solar panels
to convert sunlight into electricity. We will even build radiators to help heat
escape back into space without damaging the spacecraft.

CONCENTRATE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS-

These cells generate electricity from sunlight. It uses lenses or curved mirrors to
focus sunlight onto small and efficient solar cells. They use solar trackers and a
cooling system to increase their efficiency. They possess a smaller photovoltaic
area to reduce the cost of the system. It is more efficient and cheaper than
another type of solar cells. Water is not required to cool the systems. Because of
their flexibility, they can easily fit into the

NICKEL HYDROGEN BATTERIES -

These batteries will ensure that the station is never without power to sustain life
support systems and experiments and when the batteries face the sun they can
be recharged. They have a design life of 6.5 yrs. and must be replaced multiple
times. If someone thinks that these batteries are not of good quality then we can
replace them with lithium-ion batteries. They can handle twice the charge and
that is why only half as many lithium-ion batteries are needed during the time of
replacement. They can also last much longer than nickel-hydrogen batteries.

RADIOISOTOPE METHOD -
This method will use the temperature difference between the atoms which are
not stable and the harsh and cold environment to produce electricity.
Radioisotope system even produces heat for a very long time in the very harsh
conditions of space.
NUCLEAR ENERGY-

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to release nuclear energy which is
mostly used in steam turbines. Nuclear power can be produced by nuclear
fission of uranium and plutonium. There are some amounts of uranium found on
the moon discovered by a Japanese spacecraft. Through this uranium, we can
generate nuclear power by doing mining on the moon. Now we will need to
store nuclear energy somewhere. We will use rough containers made of steel-
reinforced concrete to store this type of power.

THERMOELECTRIC CELLS-

The heat produced inside the settlement, for example, the sunlight falling at the
settlement will be converted into electricity with an efficiency of about 50 -
60%. It will mostly be located on the outer surface of the settlement or can be
attached to the windows. We will mostly make it flexible so that it can clearly
be fixed despite the shape of the settlement. These will mostly be used as a
backup plan or in any case if we need more electricity.

3.5Mining an asteroid for the settlement

Asteroids are chunks of space debris in orbit around the sun. They are the
material leftover from when the planets were formed. Asteroid size varies from
few meters to 100+ km in diameter. There are around 9000 asteroids near earth
with nearly 1000 of them more than 1km in diameter. About 1500 near-earth
asteroids are considered most suitable for mining operations.
The settlement in space would need minerals for humans in the settlement, for
scientific experiments, to make things required for day to day life, for fuel etc.
The best way is to try and find required minerals on the asteroids in the nearby
space region of the settlement or those asteroids approaching from farther space
in the region of the settlement. NASA seems to have already identified
thousands of nearby asteroids of various sizes in the space near to earth and
moon.
How to identify which asteroids to target for mineral extraction:
1. From the thousands of asteroids identified, we need to categories them
based on their size e.g. Large, Medium and small (based on their diameter
or maximum span)
2. Further, we also need to categories them based on the speed at which they
are approaching the settlement region.
3. And most importantly the categorization should be done based on the
type of asteroid e.g. C-type, S-type and M-type
a. C-type: Most common asteroids. Carbonaceous – consists of
carbon compounds, rocks, water and some metals.
b. S-Type: Siliconaceaous – consists of iron and magnesium silicates,
a small quantity of iron & nickel and also some platinum group
metals.
c. M-type: Metallic – consists of pure nickel and iron with a few
platinum groups of metals
Some of the asteroids could be worth 100s of billion dollars.
Mining asteroids is easier than mining moon due to their low
gravitational field.

Methods of extracting the minerals from asteroids:

Broad categories of methods of mining:
1. Bring the asteroid material to base station eg using Rocket trains
 2. Process the asteroid material on the site (asteroid itself) and bring back
the minerals to the base station. Eg. using Robotic Mining craft
3. Make the asteroid to orbit around the moon so that no material is wasted,
we get enough time to carry out mining.eg. using processing stations
Depending on the size and speed of a particular type of asteroid, we can
decide if we want to capture and get the entire asteroid, chunk of an asteroid
to settlement and extract the minerals or send a probe and mining device on
the asteroid to get minerals from the asteroid to settlement.
Here is a small table

Asteroid Slow Medium Fast

Approach
Speed

Asteroid Size

Small Size Capture the Depending on the If the speed of asteroid is

asteroid and get it cost feasibility of too fast, we may not be able
to settlement or reducing the asteroid to capture it or set up a base
base station (with speed, decide if mining station to extract
the help of rocket asteroid can be minerals. However, in
trains, domes) for brought to the base distance future with the
mineral extraction. station for mineral resources and technology
extraction. advancements, humans can
However, for this, we extract minerals from such
need to track and fast-moving asteroids as
identify the asteroid well.
early enough so that
mining base station
can reach on the
surface of the asteroid
in time and mineral
extraction can happen
in the time when the
asteroid approaches
closest to the
settlement.
 If it is possible to
change the direction
of the asteroid path so
that we can make it
revolve around the
moon, we can keep it
in our control for
mineral extraction for
a longer time.

Medium Size It may be possible The approach to If the speed of asteroid is

for the slow- extract minerals from too fast, we may not be able
moving and medium size and to capture it or set up a base
medium-size medium speed mining station to extract
asteroids to be asteroids would minerals. However, in
captured fully or depend on the distance future with the
chunk of them feasibility study of resources and technology
(with the help of the cost involved and advancements, humans can
rocket trains and technology available. extract minerals from such
domes) to get to fast-moving asteroids as
the settlement for We may be able to well.
mineral extraction. get chunks or entire
asteroid for mineral
In some cases, we extraction OR slow
can change the its speed and set up a
direction of the mineral extraction
asteroid path so base station on the
that it revolves asteroid.
around the moon
so that it is in our
control for a
longer time for
mineral extraction.
Large Size Slow-moving and We can get the The large size and high-
large size asteroids chunks of such speed asteroids could be
could be of high asteroids for mineral difficult to work on. In
potential for our extraction. (with the some cases, they could be a
use. The slow help of rocket trains threat to the settlement. A
speed will give us and domes) mechanism to deflect them
enough time to do to save the settlement
a mineral search should be activated.
and extraction
work and large
 size will ensure
that we have
sufficient quantity
of mineral on the
asteroid. It may
also be possible to
move the chunks
of an asteroid to
settlement or to
the lunar base
station.

In some cases, we
can change the
direction of the
asteroid path so
that it revolves
around the moon
so that it is in our
control for a
longer time for
mineral extraction.

 According to space researchers, the following asteroids contain a lot of

wealth and the best way to get this is by capturing them extracting and then
sending them to Earth and start a Business of this to earn and make money.

TOTAL TOTAL
NAME VALUE PROFIT

253 Mathilde $100 trillion $9.53 trillion

2000 BM19 $18.50 trillion $3.55 trillion

2009 WY7 - -

Ryugu $83 billion $30 billion

 1989 ML $14 billion $4 billion

Nereus $5 billion $1 billion

Bennu $0.7 billion $ 0.2 billion

Didymos $62 billion $ 16 billion

2011 UW158 $7 billion $2 billion

Anteros $5,570 billion $1250 billion

2001 CC21 $147 billion $30 billion

1992 TC $83 billion $ 17 billion

2001 SG10 $3 billion $0.5 billion

Psyche $ 27.67 billion $1.78 billion

3554 Amun $ 20 trillion $ 19 trillion

251346 (2007
SJ) - -

3.6 PRECAUTIONS

3.61 Contingency plans for failures

Space is a very dangerous place where you don't have much time to solve things
until it goes worse. So, LUMINA has come up with various contingency plans
for various problems we might face in our settlement and the best ways to fix it
with the best technology.

CONTINGENCY VULNERABLE DETECTION PROBLEM TIME

AREAS FIXATION TAKEN TO
FIX THE
PROBLEM

The full Smoke In case of

FIRE settlement detectors will fire, people < 1 minute if
be installed in will be not extreme.
the walls of evacuated
the settlement. from the
These would affected area
be active 24 to refuge
by 7 hours and areas which
would be will be set up
powered by in every torus
Lithium-Ion these refuge
batteries areas would
which would contain food,
be charged by clothes, and
solar energy. water. In
extreme
cases, the full
torus would
be emptied
and later
chemicals
would be
sprayed so
that they don't
harm the life
present there.
An ABC dry
chemical,
Mono
ammonium
 phosphate
will be
automatically
sprinkled by
the smoke
detectors.

Hull breach Walls of the Any damage An RTV- < 1 to 2

settlement. to any hull 3145 minutes
component adhesive would be
will be would be taken to
detected by used to seal it finish the
the sensors on temporarily first stage
the walls of and later repair and
the settlement specialized later the
and reported robots will specialized
to the control later remove robots would
room which the sealant gel seal it with
will do the fill it with the the same
required radiation material used
action once it protective earlier
confirms it by material and
sending video- then put
camera robots RTV-3145
at the detected adhesive on it
place. again this
process will
repair the
damaged
parts.

POWER The whole Switch to the

settlement. backup power VARIABLE
FAILURE source –
TESLA'S
MEGAPACK
will be used
as backup
power as the
can deliver
100 MW
which is
enough to
 power
100000
houses. The
problem will
be analysed
later and the
mash would
be repaired
through
computerized
systems.

Biological Areas near Infected areas

industries, Nano and infected VARIABLE
infection agricultural detectors people will be
torus, sewage separated.
plant. Evacuation
plans will be
executed if
needed.
Source of
contamination
would be
identified and
later worked
on preventing
it from
affecting the
settlement
once again.

DOCKING Docks and the The traffic Traffic will

Landing areas controlling be directed to < 30 minutes
ACCIDENTS robots would docks on the
be set up in all other side.
docking and Automated
landing points systems will
on the repair the
settlement. damages like
These space done in a hull
crafts which breach.
would dock or
land on the
 settlement
would
communicate
with these
robots and
they will give
the
instructions
for landing as
it happens on
airports.

Cybersecurity The A highly The

cybersecurity developed cybersecurity VARIABLE
breach network of the cybersecurity team of
settlement system CISCO and
powered by CYBERARK
CISCO and would solve
CYBERARK the problems.
would indicate
the problems.
Backup
Data storage storage plans < 3 minutes
will be in
failure progress.

Primary data VARIABLE

storage will
be replaced
with new
ones

Inhabitants
FOOD will be VARIABLE
provided with
FAILURE nutrient
tablets.
As shortly as
possible the
nourishment
will be
organized
 WATER Inhabitants
will be VARIABLE
FAILURE provided
liquid from
backup water
storage.
Water will be
organized as
quickly as
possible

3.62 Bio-suits
The bio-suit will be used on the lunar surface for exploration on the lunar
surface and during space travel. It gives the wearer a lightweight comfortable
way to explore. This also gives the wearer access to unpressurized areas. This
suit includes oxygen systems, carbon dioxide filters and it also includes cooling
water systems. This suit will also have water tanks and will also store nitrogen
which is needed by the body.
LSS is a system which enables you to survive in a place where survival for
humans is not possible. It is mainly used for manned space exploration.

Components of the bio-suit are-

 A bodysuit.
 A pressurized helmet.
 Life support system {LSS}
 Gecko like boots
 Thermal regulators
 Urine collector
 Glove
Antenna
 4 GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY
THE GOVERNMENT OF NEOTERRA

Onboard the Neoterra, there will be close to 300 permanent residents, and at any
given time, approximately 100 tourists. Therefore, at any given time there will
be approximately 400 people aboard the Neoterra. These many people cannot
live together in harmony without some kind of law enforcement policies. The
following document is a description of the policies that will be followed aboard
the Neoterra.

First of all, there will be no single head, dictatorial, ceremonial, or otherwise,

who will alone make important decisions regarding the welfare of the citizens.
Instead, people aboard the Neoterra will be divided into 8 different factions
depending upon their vocation. These factions will include-
Law enforcement, Artisans, Technicians, Retailers, Education, Human
resources, Research, and Laborers.
 Law enforcement will include all the people who help in the maintenance,
preservation and upholding of the law. This faction includes police
officers, lawyers and judges.
 Artisans will include all the people who are involved in the making or
beautifying of things. This includes artists, designers, tailors, blacksmiths,
potters, etc.
 Technicians will include all those people who help in the maintenance or
repairing of things. These people may range from engineers to
electricians, plumbers, etc.
 Retailers will include all the people who sell goods to the rest of the
citizens. This will include shops for all goods.
 Education will include people who help impart knowledge, including
teachers and professors.
 Human resources will include all the people who help the citizens in their
time of need, ranging from doctors and psychologists to social workers
 The research will include all the people who have chosen a particular
field and are working to further it, including scientists, mathematicians,
etc.
 Labourers will include all the people who do physical work for a living,
including the miners who will be mining on the moon, and others.
Each faction will have its own council, which will hold meetings whenever
deemed necessary by the members of the faction. All members will attend this
meeting, and bring forth whatever concerns they might be having, or
suggestions they wish to make.
Each faction will also elect 2 members to represent themselves at the
settlement’s Grand Council. Thus, there will be 16 members on the Grand
Council, which will meet once every month. This Council will discuss all the
major issues regarding the settlement and make decisions that will benefit all 8
factions. Decisions will be made through a voting system. A majority of 2/3rd
votes will carry the decision to be implemented.

WORKING AND INCOME

Houses and furnishings will be provided by the Grand Council. These will be of
standard manufacture, so nobody has a more ‘luxurious’ housing than another.
Everybody will be paid salaries directly proportionate to the work they are
doing. For instance, a doctor who puts in extra hours at the clinic helping
patients will be paid a higher salary than a doctor who works for only half a
day. Salaries will also be directly proportionate to the years of education put in.
For instance, an engineer, who has studied for 16 years will get a higher salary
than an electrician who has studied only 12 years. All firms and companies will
be Council-managed. There will be no private firms or managements. Thus,
there will be relative equality among the people living aboard the
Neoterra. When there is such equality, people will not feel the need to steal or
commit crimes, as crimes are only committed when the person concerned is
deprived of something. Thus, crime will also be lowered to a near-zero level.
BASIC RULES AND REGULATIONS
The following are some basic rules and regulations that must be followed
aboard the Neoterra. They include

 No graffiti, posters, advertisements, etc. on public property will be

allowed unless sanctioned by the Grand Council. The public property
must be respected, and no defacing of it will be permitted. Offenders will
be fined severely.
 People will be limited to 15 litres of water per day. In case of emergency,
people can apply for more water for a specific period of time. Water will
be rationed based on the number of people per household. For instance, if
 there are 3 people in a household, they will be entitled to 45 litres of
water per day. The taps in the house will run until they have used up 45
litres. Once the water quota is exhausted, the taps will remain dry until
the next morning.
 No pets or livestock will be allowed.
 No private setups or businesses will be permitted. All firms will be
Council-managed.
 Only one house is allotted per family. Families can apply for larger house
space if required.
 Families will be limited to one child only. If a mother is pregnant with a
second child, she must abort.
 All citizens must register their names and needs with the Grand Council
 All citizens will receive a Neo-Pass upon registering. This will be the
identity card of the concerned citizen. It will include details about the
citizen’s age, gender, faction and parents. It will also hold account details.
Money transactions will be made using this pass only. This card must be
kept on one’s person at all times. If for any reason, a citizen is exiting the
settlement, this card will need to be shown for re-entry.
 All schools and colleges will be free of cost. Children will be free to
pursue whatever career path they wish to.
 No physical assault or thievery is permitted aboard the settlement. Any
differences must be sorted out verbally. Offenders will be severely
prosecuted.
 It is mandatory to use the transport provided aboard the Neoterra, and
have no personal vehicles.
 Anybody found violating these rules will be put on trial before the jury.
This jury will consist of one elected member of each faction, a person
considered to be a social helper, and one additional judge from the Law
Enforcement faction to preside over the jury. Thus, the jury will consist
of nine people.