Independent and Dependent Events
Activity 1: Understanding Independent and Dependent Events p. 341
Situation 1: Consider a box that contains 14 red balls, 12 blue balls, and 9 yellow balls. A ball is drawn at
random and color is noted and then put back inside the box. Then, another ball is drawn at random. Find
the probability that:
a. both are blue.
12 12 144
P (blue, blue) = × =
35 35 1225
b. the first is red and the second is yellow.
14 9 126
P (red, yellow) = × =
35 35 1225
Situation 2: Consider a box that contains 14 red balls, 12 blue balls, and 9 yellow balls. Suppose that the
two boys are drawn one after the other without replacing back the first ball. Find the probability that:
a. the first is red and the second is blue.
14 12 168 12
P (red, blue) = × = =
35 34 1190 85
b. both balls are yellow.
9 9 72 36
P (yellow, yellow) = × = =
35 34 1190 595
Activity 2: More on Independent and Dependent Events p. 343
#2: A box of chocolates contains 10 milk chocolates, 8 dark chocolates, and 6 white chocolates. Hanissa
randomly chooses a chocolate, eats it, and then randomly chooses another chocolate. What is the
probability that Hanissa chose a milk chocolate, and then, a white chocolate?
10 6 60 5
P (milk, white) = × = =
24 23 552 46
Conditional Probability
Activity 1: Probability of an Event Given Certain Conditions p. 346
Mario bought dour different batteries. Of these four, one is defective. Two more are selected at
random for use on particular day.
#1: Draw a tree diagram associated with the experiment of selecting two batteries from among four, in
which one is defective.
Number of batteries Selected Batteries Probability of Batteries
#2: List the sample space. How many outcomes are there?
#3: Find the probability that the second battery selected is not defective.
#4: What if you find the probability that the second battery selected is not defective, given that the first
was not defective?
Activity 5: Solving Problems Involving Conditional Probability p. 351
#1: A family has two children. What is the probability that the younger child is a girl, given that at least
one pf the children is a girl?
#2: At a basketball game, 80% of the fans cheered for team A. In the same crowd, 20% of the fans were
having banners and cheering for team A. What is the probability that a fan waved a banner given that
the fan cheered for team A?
Measures of Position for Ungrouped Data
Quartiles
Activity 5: Try It p. 369
Find the first quartile (Q 1), second quartile (Q 2), and the third quartile (Q 3), given the scores of
10 students in their Mathematics activity using Mendenhall and Sincich Method.
4,9,7,14,10,8,12,15,6,11 => 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 n=10
1
LQ = Position of Q 1 = (n+1)
4
1
= (10+1)
4
1 11
= (11) = = 2.75 (round up) Position: 3 (3rd) Value: 7
4 4
1
MQ = Position of Q 2 = (n+1)
2
1
= (10+1)
2
1 11 2+ 10
= (11) = = 5.5 (stay the same) Position: 5.5 Value: =9.5
2 2 2
3
UQ = Position of Q 3 = (n+1)
4
3
= (10+1)
4
3 33
= (11) = = 8.5 (round down) Position: 8 (8th) Value: 12
4 4
Deciles
Example 6: p. 373
Find the 3 decile or D 3 of the following test scores of a random sample for ten students:
rd
35,42,40,28,15,23,33,20,18, and 28 => 15, 18, 20, 23, 28, 28, 33, 35, 40, 42 n=10
3
D3 position = (n+1)
10
3
= (10+1)
10
3 33
= (11) = = 3.3 (round off) Position: 3 (3rd) Value: 20
10 10
Percentiles
Activity 14: Puzzled? Complete Me… p. 378
Given: Scores 5, 7, 12, 14, 15, 22, 25, 30, 36, 42, 53, 65
40
#5: P40 = (n+1)
100
40
= (12+1)
100
40 26
= (13) = = 5.2 Position: 5.2 (between 15 & 22) Value: 16.4
100 5
22 - 15 = 7
7 (0.2) = 1.4
15 + 1.4 = 16.4
54
#7: P54 = (n+1)
100
54
= (12+1)
100
54 351
= (13) = = 7.02 Position: 7.02 (between 25 & 30) Value:
100 50
25.1
30 - 25 = 5
5 (0.02) = 0.1
25 + 0.1 = 25.1
Measures of Position for Ungrouped Data
Quartiles
Example 1: pp. 386-387
Calculate the Q 1, Q 2 and Q 3 of the Mathematics test scores of 50 students.
Class Interval Frequency Lower Less than Cumulative
Scores (f) Boundaries (LB) Frequency (<cf)
46-50 4 45.5 50
41-45 8 40.5 46
36-40 11 35.5 38 (28th-38th score) Q 1 class
31-35 9 30.5 27 (19th-27th score) Q 2 class
26-30 12 25.5 18 (7th-18th score) Q 3 class
21-25 6 20.5 6
Deciles
Example 2: pp. 388-389
Calculate the 7th decile of the Mathematics test scores of 50 students.
Class Interval Frequency Lower Less than Cumulative
Scores (f) Boundaries (LB) Frequency (<cf)
46-50 4 45.5 50
41-45 8 40.5 46
36-40 11 35.5 38 (28th-38th score) D 7 class
31-35 9 30.5 27
26-30 12 25.5 18
21-25 6 20.5 6
Percentiles
Example 3: pp. 390-392
th nd
Calculate the 65 percentile and 32 percentile of the Mathematics test scores of 50 students.
Class Interval Frequency Lower Less than Cumulative
Scores (f) Boundaries (LB) Frequency (<cf)
46-50 4 45.5 50
41-45 8 40.5 46
36-40 11 35.5 38 (28th-38th score) P65 class
31-35 9 30.5 27
26-30 12 25.5 18 (7th-18th score) P32 class
21-25 6 20.5 6
Deciles
Example 4: pp. 388-389
Find how many percent of the scores are greater than the cumulative frequency of 38.
Class Interval Frequency Lower Less than Cumulative
Scores (f) Boundaries (LB) Frequency (<cf)
46-50 4 45.5 50
41-45 8 40.5 46
36-40 11 35.5 38 (28th-38th score)
31-35 9 30.5 27
26-30 12 25.5 18
21-25 6 20.5 6
Quantiles
Activity 3: That’s My Place pp. 394-395
Daily allowance of 60 students
Class Interval f <cf Q1 T. 43
81-90 7 60 Q2 I. 61.83
71-80 10 53 Q3 N. 72.5
61-70 15 43 P15 Y. 35.5
51-60 4 28 P35 L. 48
41-50 12 24 P70 A. 69.83
31-40 6 12 D6 M. 65.83
21-30 3 6 D4 C. 50/5
11-20 2 3 D8 O. 75.5
1-10 1 1 R. 34
D6 P15 P35 D8 D4 P70 Q1 Q2 D8 Q 3M Y L O
C A T I O N
