Richard Cebula – HLASM
Introduction to Assembler Programming
Cheat Sheet
© 2009 IBM Corporation
Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
■ LOAD / STORE Instructions
■ MOVE Instructions
■ Logical Instructions
■ Defining Data and Literals
■ Branch Instructions
■ Arithmetic Instructions
■ BRANCH ON COUNT (Looping)
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Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
LOAD / STORE Instructions
■ LOAD data from storage to a register
L 1,NUMBER LOAD REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (32-BITS)
LH 1,NUMBER LOAD REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (16-BITS)
LG 1,NUMBER LOAD REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (64-BITS)
LR 1,2 LOAD REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (32-BITS)
LGR 1,2 LOAD REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (64-BITS)
IC NUM1,NUM2 INSERT CHARACTER (1 BYTE)
■ STORE data from a register to storage
ST 1,NUMBER STORE REGISTER 1 TO NUMBER (32-BITS)
STH 1,NUMBER STORE REGISTER 1 TO NUMBER (16-BITS)
STG 1,NUMBER STORE REGISTER 1 TO NUMBER (64-BITS)
STC 1,NUMBER STORE REGISTER 1 TO NUMBER (1 BYTE)
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Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
MOVE Instructions
■ MOVE Data from storage to storage
– Move SOURCE to TARGET – implied length of move is length of TARGET
MVC TARGET,SOURCE
– Move SOURCE to TARGET – length of move is LENGTH
MVC TARGET(LENGTH),SOURCE
– Move SOURCE to TARGET (with displacements) – length of move is LENGTH
MVC TARGDISP(LENGTH,TARG),DISP(SRC)
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Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
Logical Instructions – Result always ends up in 1st operand
■ AND
N 1,NUMBER AND REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (32-BITS)
NG 1,NUMBER AND REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (64-BITS)
NR 1,2 AND REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (32-BITS)
NGR 1,2 AND REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (64-BITS)
NC NUM1,NUM2 AND NUM1 WITH NUM2 (UP TO 256-BYTES)
■ OR
O 1,NUMBER OR REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (32-BITS)
OG 1,NUMBER OR REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (64-BITS)
OR 1,2 OR REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (32-BITS)
OGR 1,2 OR REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (64-BITS)
OC NUM1,NUM2 OR NUM1 WITH NUM2 (UP TO 256-BYTES)
■ EXCLUSIVE OR
X 1,NUMBER XOR REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (32-BITS)
XG 1,NUMBER XOR REGISTER 1 WITH NUMBER (64-BITS)
XR 1,2 XOR REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (32-BITS)
XGR 1,2 XOR REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (64-BITS)
XC NUM1,NUM2 XOR NUM1 WITH NUM2 (UP TO 256-BYTES)
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Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
Defining Data
■ Define MYNUMBER as a fullword (32-bits) with initial value 0 – note that the label
MYNUMBER must start in column 1
MYNUMBER DC F'0'
■ Define MYNAME as a series of bytes with length 20 and initial value “hello” (space padded)
MYNAME DC CL20'hello'
■ Define MYNUMBER as 4 halfwords (16-bits each) with initial value 12 (each)
MYNUMBER DC 4H'12'
■ Define MYTOTAL as some uninitialised storage reserving a fullword (32-bits) for it
MYNUMBER DS F
■ Use a literal in an instruction to load value 4097 into register 1
L 1,=F'4097'
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Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
BRANCH Instructions
L 1,NUM1 LOAD VALUE NUM1 TO REG 1
L 2,NUM2 LOAD VALUE NUM2 TO REG 2
CR 1,2 COMPARE THE REGISTERS
BL ONE_LESS BRANCH IF REGISTER 1 < REGISTER 2
BG ONE_MORE BRANCH IF REGISTER 1 > REGISTER 2
BE ONE_EQUAL_TWO BRANCH IF REGISTER 1 = REGISTER 2
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Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
Arithmetic Instructions – Result normally ends up in 1st operand
■ ADD and SUBTRACT (Condition code is updated)
A 1,NUM ADD REGISTER 1 WITH NUM (32-BITS, SIGNED)
AR 1,2 AND REGISTER 1 WITH REGISTER 2 (32-BITS, SIGNED)
SL 1,NUM REGISTER_1 = REGISTER_1 - NUM (32-BITS, LOGICAL)
SLR 1,2 REGISTER_1 = REGISTER_1 – REGISTER_2
■ MULTIPLY (CC = unchanged)
MR 2,7 MULTIPLY 32-bits in REGISTER 3 by REGISTER 7
Result is stored as:
top 32-bits are in register 2
bottom 32-bits are in register 3
■ DIVIDE (CC = unchanged)
DR 2,7 DIVIDE 64-BITS IN REGISTERS 2 AND 3 BY REGISTER 7
Top 32-bits are in register 2, bottom 32-bits in register 3
Result is stored as:
Quotient is stored in register 3
Remainder is stored in register 2
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Introduction to Assembler Programming – Cheat Sheet
BRANCH ON COUNT
* SAY “HELLO WORLD” 10 TIMES
L 1,LOOP_MAX LOAD LOOP_MAX(VALUE 10) INTO REG 1
LOOP DS 0H START OF THE LOOP
WTO 'HELLO WORLD' SAY HELLO WORLD
BCT 1,LOOP BRANCH TO LOOP IF REG 1 > 0
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