Section 7

O2 and A/F Sensor Diagnosis

Platinum Electrode

Solid Electrolyte
(Zirconia Element)

Platinum Electrode

Heater

Coating (Ceramic)

Cover Exhaust Gas

Learning Objectives: 1. Determine the condition of an O2 sensor, A/F sensor and heater
based on data and engine symptoms and determine appropriate
repair.
2. Use Modes 5, 6, and 7 to determine monitored O2 sensor results.
3. Accurately measure and interpret oxygen content of the exhaust
gases based on sensor signal data.
4. Describe the primary difference between the O2 sensor and the
A/F sensor.
5. Use Modes 6 and 7 to determine monitored A/F sensor results.

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874

 Section 7
O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

O2 Sensor
Locations
S1 designates the
oxygen sensor is before
the catalytic converter,
S2 after the catalytic
converter. B1 indicates B2 S1
the sensor is on the B1 S1
bank with cylinder No. 1.

B1 S2

Fig. 7-1
TL874f701

Overview The ECM uses an O2 sensor to ensure the A/F Ratio is correct for the
catalytic converter. Based on the oxygen sensor signal, the ECM’s fuel
control program adjusts the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder.
This program varies based on the type of O2 sensor.

There are different types of O2 sensors, but two of the more common
types are the:

• narrow range O2 sensor, the oldest style, simply called the

O2 sensor.

• wide range O2 sensor, the newest style, called the

A/F sensor.

OBD II vehicles require two O2 sensors: one before and one after the
catalytic converter. The O2 sensor, or A/F sensor before the catalytic
converter is used by the ECM to adjust the A/F Ratio. The O2 sensor
after the catalytic converter is primarily used for catalytic converter
efficiency control and monitoring. (See Section 8 Overview)

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Section 7

O2 Sensor The O2 sensor monitor checks for sensor circuit malfunctions, slow
Monitor response rate, and for a malfunction of the sensor’s heater circuit.
There is a DTC for each condition for each sensor. The sub-sensor(S2) is
not monitored for response rate. O2 sensors are required to be
monitored once per trip, however, the ECM continuously monitors O2
sensor operation.

When the ECM sees the right conditions, the ECM will test the O2
sensors for performance by measuring the signal response as the fuel
injected into the cylinder is varied. The faster the O2 sensor responds,
the better the sensor. Mode 5 will report the results of this monitor test.

The repair confirmation drive pattern in the Repair Manual provides the
driving conditions for the ECM to operate the O2 sensor monitor.

P0125 for DTC P0125 is stored when there is little or no signal response from the
O2 Sensor O2 sensor. Although the description in the Repair Manual states
“insufficient coolant temp for closed loop fuel control” for this code, this
can be one cause for no signal output from the O2 sensor. The sensor is
monitored for a rise in voltage to (0.45V) when:

• Engine speed is 1,500 rpm or more

• Vehicle speed is 25 – 62 mph (40 – 100 km/hr)

• TPS does not register idle

• The condition continues for at least 90 sec.

• 140 seconds or more must have passed since the engine was started

This DTC is a one trip code, and will also set as a result of a problem
due to any of the following items:

• Air induction system

• EGR system

• Fuel pressure

• Fuel injection

• Gas leakage on exhaust system

• Other related parts failure

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

NOTE This DTC will set when a sensor output has very little or no activity.

HINT A lean condition or an inoperative sensor will have very little activity.

If the vehicle runs out of fuel, the A/F Ratio is lean and DTC P0125 may
be recorded. This DTC will also set if no signal is received by the ECM; for
example, an open circuit (broken wire).

P0130, P0150: This portion of the monitor is concerned with sensor voltage output.
O2 Sensor These DTC(s) set if the output voltage stays high or low during the test
Output Voltage period.

O2 Sensor Monitor
P0130, P0150 (Output Voltage)

Fig. 7-2
TL874f702

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Section 7

P0133, P0153: The ECM monitors the response of the O2 sensor.

O2 Sensor
Response Rate This part of the monitor is concerned with the time the O2 sensor takes
to switch from .35V and .55V.

NOTE The failure threshold for switching can be as much as 1.1 seconds
(max).

O2 Sensor Monitor
P0133, P0153 (Response Rate)

Fig. 7-3
TL874f703

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

O2 Sensor
Detection
Driving Pattern
The detection driving
pattern shown will
provide the conditions
necessary for the
O2 Sensor to show a
response. If the sensor
output remains within the
failure threshold a DTC
will set when all test Fig. 7-4
parameters are met. TL874f704

Mode 5 This mode displays the test results of the O2 sensor test monitor. These
O2 Sensor values are stored values, not current values that are found in Mode 1
Monitoring (DATA LIST). Not all test values are applicable to all manufacturers. The
Test Results A/F sensor test values are not applicable and are not displayed in
Mode 5. Some vehicles use Non-Continuous Test Results mode to report
results.

The following is a definition for the displayed terms under Mode 5, O2S
Test Results:

• R>>L O2S V Rich to lean threshold voltage – voltage used by the ECM
to determine the boundary line when going from rich to lean
L>>R O2S V Lean to rich threshold voltage – voltage used by the ECM
to determine the boundary line when going from lean to rich

• LOW SW V Low sensor voltage point for switch time calculation –

value used by the ECM for switch time calculation
HIGH SW V High sensor voltage point for switch time calculation –
value used by the ECM for switch time calculation

• R>>L SW TIM Rich to lean switch time – time in seconds it takes to

switch from Rich to Lean based on high to low switch voltages
L>>R SW TIM Lean to rich switch time – time in seconds it takes to
switch from Rich to Lean based on low to high switch voltages

• MIN O2S V Minimum sensor voltage during the test cycle

MAX O2S V Maximum sensor voltage during the test cycle

• O2S TRANS T Time between sensor transitions – time between the

rich to lean and lean to rich threshold voltages

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Section 7

• TID $30 – The amount of time, used as a reference for the number
(counts) each time the O2 sensor signal crosses the low and high
sensor voltage points
TID $70 – The number of counts, determined by the number of
times the signal crossed the low and high sensor voltage points

This screens data can be used as a report on the condition of the O2

sensor. A malfunctioning sensor will switch slowly or not at all. Please
keep in mind that other factors can affect O2 sensor performance.

O2 Sensor
Monitoring Screens - Mode 5 O2 SENSOR TEST (B1 - S1)
These screens are found under the LOW SW V............ 0.350V
CARB section, O2S Test results. HIGH SW V........... 0.550V
MIN O2S V........... 0.025V
MAX O2S V........... 0.790V
Time $31............. 0.04s
Time $32............. 0.04s

O2 SENSOR TEST (B2 - S2)

MIN O2S V........... 0.085V

MAX O2S V........... 0.785V

Fig. 7-5
TL874f705

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

O2 Sensor
Test Reference RICH - Low Oxygen State
Points - Mode 5 8

O2 Sensor 2 1
Voltage Output

9
6 5

LEAN - High Oxygen State

1) R>>L O2S V Rich to lean threshold voltage

2) L>>R O2S V Lean to rich threshold voltage

3) LOW SW V Low sensor voltage for switch time calculation

4) HIGH SW V High sensor voltage for switch time calculation

5) R>>L SW TIM Rich to lean switch time

6) L>>R SW TIM Lean to rich switch time

7) MIN O2S V Minimum sensor voltage during the test cycle

8) MAX O2S V Maximum sensor voltage during the test cycle

9) O2S TRANS T Time between sensor transitions Fig. 7-6

TL874f706

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Section 7

O2 Sensor Counts
The ECM provides the number of counts in
a given time period. A count is when the
voltage signal first crosses the high or low
sensor voltage point.

2 4 6 8

High Sensor
Voltage Point

Low Sensor
Voltage Point
1 3 5 7

Fig. 7-7
TL874f707

Poor O2
Sensor Response
Poor O2 Sensor
response as seen
on an oscilloscope.

Fig. 7-8
TL874f708

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

P0136, P0156: The ECM monitors the output voltage of the O2 sensor. A DTC will set if
Sub O2 Sensor output voltage remains high or low during the test period. See Mode 5,
Output Voltage O2S Test Results.

Sub O2 Sensor Test Results

O2 SENSOR TEST (B2 - S2)

MIN O2S V........... 0.085V

MAX O2S V........... 0.785V

Fig. 7-9
TL874f709

Sub O2 Sensor Monitor

P0136, P0156

Fig. 7-10
TL874f403710

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-9

Section 7

Sub O2
Sensor Detection
Driving Pattern
The detection driving
pattern shown will
provide the conditions
necessary for the Sub or
rear O2 Sensor to show
a response. If the sensor
output remains within the
failure threshold a DTC
will set when all test Fig. 7-11
parameters are met. TL874f711

P0135, P0141, All heated O2 sensors are monitored for abnormal heater condition. The
P0155, P0161: ECM checks the amount of current required for the sensor heater. If the
O2 Sensor current is too high or too low a DTC will be set.
Heater Monitor

O2 Sensor Heater Monitor

P0135, P0141, P0155
(Circuit Current)

Fig. 7-12
TL874f403712

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

O2 Sensor
DTC(s)
P0125: After the engine is warmed up, heated O2 sensor output does not indicate
Coolant RICH even when conditions (a), (b), (c) and (d) continue for at least 1.5
Temperature min.:
Insufficient for
Closed Loop a. Engine speed: 1,500 rpm or more
Operation (Bank
1 or 2 Sensor 1) b. Vehicle speed: 25 - 62 mph (40 - 100 km/h)

c. Throttle valve does not fully close

d. 140 sec. or more after starting engine

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0130: Voltage output of heated O2 sensor remains at 0.40V or more, or 0.55V or

Heated O2 less, during idling after the engine is warmed up. Please confirm voltage
Sensor Circuit specification in vehicle Repair Manual.
Malfunction
(Bank 1 (two trip detection logic)
Sensor 1)
This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0133: Response time for the heated O2 sensor’s voltage output to change from
Heated O2 rich to lean, or from lean to rich, is 1.1 sec. or more during idling after
Sensor Circuit the engine is warmed up.
Slow Response
(Bank 1 (two trip detection logic)
Sensor 1)
This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0135: Heater current exceeds 2A or heater current of 0.2A or less when the
Heated heater operates. Please confirm heater resistance specification in vehicle
O2 Sensor Repair Manual.
Heater Circuit
Malfunction (two trip detection logic)
(Bank 1
Sensor 1) This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

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Section 7

P0136: Voltage output of the heated O2 sensor (bank 1 sensor 2, bank 2 sensor
Heated O2 2) remains at 0.4V or more or 0.5V or less when the vehicle is driven at
Sensor Circuit 19 mph (30 km/h) or more after the engine is warmed up. Please
Malfunction confirm voltage specification in vehicle Repair Manual.
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
(two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0141: Heater current exceeds 2A or heater current of 0.2A or less when the
Heated heater operates. Please confirm heater resistance specification in vehicle
O2 Sensor Repair Manual.
Heater Circuit
Malfunction (two trip detection logic)
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0150: Voltage output of heated O2 sensor remains at 0.40V or more, or 0.55V

Heated O2 or less, during idling after the engine is warmed up. Please confirm
Sensor Circuit voltage specification in vehicle Repair Manual.
Malfunction
(Bank 2 Sensor 1) (two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0153: Response time for the heated O2 sensor’s voltage output to change from
Heated O2 rich to lean, or from lean to rich, is 1.1 sec. or more during idling after
Sensor Circuit the engine is warmed up.
Slow Response
(Bank 2 Sensor 1) (two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0155: Heater current exceeds 2A or heater current of 0.2A or less when the
Heated heater operates. Please confirm heater resistance specification in vehicle
O2 Sensor Repair Manual.
Heater Circuit
Malfunction (two trip detection logic)
(Bank 2 Sensor 1)
This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

P0156: Voltage output of the heated O2 sensor (bank 1 sensor 2, bank 2 sensor
Heated O2 2) remains at 0.4V or more or 0.5V or less when the vehicle is driven at
Sensor Circuit 19 mph (30 km/h) or more after the engine is warmed up.
Malfunction
(Bank 2 Sensor 2) (two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P0141: Heater current exceeds 2A or heater current of 0.2A or less when the
Heated O2 heater operates.
Sensor
Heater Circuit (two trip detection logic)
Malfunction
(Bank 2 Sensor 2) This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

O2 Sensor When an O2 sensor DTC is found, it is important to look at each DTC

Monitor description carefully before proceeding with diagnosis. In addition to
Diagnosis P0125, each main O2 sensor has three DTC(s), one for a sensor circuit
malfunction, one for slow response, and one for the sensor’s heater
circuit malfunction.

The sub O2 sensors have two DTC(s), one for a sensor circuit malfunction
and one for the sub-sensor’s heater circuit malfunction. The sub-sensor
does not have a DTC for slow response because a sub-sensor shows very
little activity during normal operation. Each DTC requires a different
approach to diagnosis. Refer to the Repair Manual for the proper
diagnostic procedure to follow for each DTC.

The CARB section of the diagnostic tester and the Readiness Test
Confirmation procedure can be very useful for O2 sensor diagnosis,
particularly Modes 5, 6, and 7. The following screen flows are guides.
Varying conditions will have an effect on the outcome.

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-13

Section 7

O2 Sensor Case NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS

The screens shown Time$01 CID$01........ Pass
Driving the vehicle after the DTCs
here demonstrate the Time$02 CID$01........ Pass
Time$02 CID$02........ Pass were cleared, TIME$04 showed FAIL,
importance of checking O2 Sensor Heater.
Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
the CARB screens. Time$04 CID$01........ Fail
Time$04 CID$02........ Pass


CONTINUOUS TESTS
ECU: $10 (Engine)
Number of Tests: 1

P0135
O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Pending Codes or Mode 7 reported
Malfunction (Bank 1, DTC P0135.
Sensor 1)


ECU: $10 (Engine)
Number of DTCs: 1
MIL ON

P0125 Further driving on the same trip

Insufficient Coolant
Temperature for Closed produced DTC P0125, and the MIL
Loop Fuel Control turned on.


FREEZE FRAME 0

TROUBLE CODE......... P0125

ENGINE SPD......... 2415RPM
COOLANT TEMP......... 185˚F
VEHICLE SPD.......... 55MPH The Freeze Frame recorded P0125.
CALC LOAD............ 40.3%
FUEL SYS #1............. OL
FUEL SYS #2......... UNUSED
SHORT FT #1........... 0.0%
LONG FT #1............ 2.3%

Fig. 7-13
Mode 6 and 7 displayed the reason for P0125, an O2 Sensor Heater not functioning.
TL874f713

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

A/F Sensor The A/F sensor monitor is similar to the O2 sensor monitor; however, the
Monitor A/F sensor has different characteristics. Therefore, the operating
parameters of the monitor also differ.

The A/F sensor monitor checks for sensor circuit malfunction, slow
response rate, and for a malfunction of the sensor’s heater circuit. There
is a DTC for each condition for each sensor. A/F sensors are required to
be monitored once per trip; however, the ECM does continuously monitor
A/F sensor operation.

When the ECM sees the right conditions, the ECM will test the A/F
sensors for performance by measuring the signal response as the fuel
injected into the cylinder is varied. The faster the A/F sensor responds,
the better the sensor. The results of this monitor test are NOT reported in
Mode 5. Mode 6, Non-Continuous Test Results is used to determine if the
A/F sensor passed or failed.

The repair confirmation drive pattern in the Repair Manual provides the
driving conditions for the ECM to operate the A/F sensor monitor.
ECM Monitored A/F Sensor Voltage (V)

A/F Sensor 4.0

3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.9
2.8
Platinum Electrode 2.6
Solid Electrolyte 2.4
(Zirconia Element)
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Platinum Electrode
Air/Fuel Ratio

Heater

Coating (Ceramic)

Fig. 7-14
Cover Exhaust Gas
TL874f714

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-15

Section 7

A/F Sensor The A/F sensor is similar to the O2 sensor. It appears similar to the
O2 sensor, but it is constructed differently and has different operating
characteristics.

The A/F sensor is also referred to as a wide range or wide ratio sensor
because of its ability to detect A/F Ratios over a wide range.

The advantage of using the A/F sensor is that the ECM can more
accurately meter the fuel reducing emissions.

To accomplish this, the A/F sensor:

• operates at approximately 650°C (1200°F), much hotter than the

O2 sensors which operate at 400°C (750°F)

• changes its current (amperage) output in relation to the amount of

oxygen in the exhaust stream

A/F Sensor
Detecting Circuit
The detection circuit,
located inside the ECM,
is needed for the A/F
Sensor to operate. The
A/F Sensor output
cannot be detected
externally. A Diagnostic
Tester is needed to read
A/F Sensor signal
output.

Fig. 7-15
TL874f715

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

Operation A detection circuit in the ECM detects the change and strength of current
flow and puts out a voltage signal relatively proportional to exhaust
oxygen content.

NOTE This voltage signal can only be measured by using the Diagnostic Tester
or OBD II compatible scan tool. The A/F sensor current output cannot be
accurately measured directly. If a Diagnostic Tester or OBD II compatible
scan tool is used refer to the Repair Manual for conversion, for the output
signal is different.

The A/F sensor is designed so that at stoichiometry, there is no current

flow and the voltage put out by the detection circuit is 3.3 volts. A rich
mixture, which leaves very little oxygen in the exhaust stream, produces
a negative current flow. The detection circuit will produce a voltage below
3.3 volts. A lean mixture, which has more oxygen in the exhaust stream,
produces a positive current flow. The detection circuit will now produce a
voltage signal above 3.3 volts.

Air/Fuel Mixture
Exhaust Oxygen Content Current Flow Voltage Signal
Judged to be:

Low oxygen content

– direction

Below 3.3 volts

Rich

Stoichiometry

0

3.3 volts

14.7:1

High oxygen content

+ direction

Above 3.3 volts

Lean

NOTE The A/F sensor voltage output is the opposite of what happens in the
narrow range O2 sensor. Voltage output through the detection circuit
increases as the mixture gets leaner.

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-17

Section 7

A/F Sensor Signal Pattern

The A/F sensor responds to changes in
exhaust oxygen. Note that the signal
changes with engine RPM and does not
move in cycles like the O2 densor.

Fig. 7-16
TL874f716

The A/F sensor voltage signal is proportional to the change in the

air/fuel mixture. This allows the ECM to more accurately judge the
exact A/F Ratio under a wide variety of conditions and quickly adjust
the amount of fuel to the stoichiometric point. This type of rapid
correction is not possible with the narrow range O2 sensor. With an A/F
sensor, the ECM does not follow a rich lean cycle.

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

P0125 for DTC P0125 is related to voltage output, although the description states
A/F Sensor insufficient coolant temp for closed loop fuel control. The A/F sensor is
monitored for activity (voltage change) when:

• Engine speed is 1,500 rpm or more

• Vehicle speed is 25 – 62 mph (40 – 100 kph)

• TPS does not register idle

• The condition continues for at least 90 seconds.

• 140 seconds or more must have passed since the engine was started

This DTC will set when a sensor output has very little or no activity.

HINT A lean condition or an inoperative sensor will have very little activity.

This DTC is a one trip code, and will also set as a result of a problem due
to any of the following items:

• Air induction system

• EGR system

• Fuel pressure

• Fuel injection

• Gas leakage on exhaust system

• Other related parts failure

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-19

Section 7

P1130, P1150: This monitor is concerned with A/F sensor voltage output. These DTC(s)
A/F Sensor are found if the output voltage remains fixed for a predetermined period.
Output Voltage

Voltage output changes take place inside the ECM. The Diagnostic
NOTE Tester must be used for diagnosis.

A/F Sensor Monitor

P1130, P1150 (Output Voltage)

Fig. 7-17
TL874f717

HINT If output voltage of A/F sensor remains at 3.30V, the sensor circuit may
be open. If output voltage of the A/F sensor remains 3.8V or more or
2.8V or less, the sensor circuit may be shorted.

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

P1133, P1153: The ECM monitors the A/F sensors response characteristics. If the sensor
A/F Sensor response rate deteriorates, a fault will be recorded. The response rate
Response Rate cannot be confirmed by tests performed at the sensor. The response rate
calculation is a function of the ECM only. The ECM compares the A/F
sensor’s response to the specifications stored in the ECM’s programming.

In addition to Repair Manual procedures, the sensor’s operation can be

HINT verified using the injector volume active test. This test is done while
monitoring the A/F sensors output with the Diagnostic Tester.

A/F Sensor Monitor

P1133, P1153 (Output Voltage)

Fig. 7-18
TL874f718

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-21

Section 7

A/F Sensor
Detection
Driving Pattern
The detection driving
pattern shown will
provide the conditions
necessary for the A/F
Sensor to show a
response (voltage
change). If the sensor
output remains within the
failure threshold, a DTC
will set when all test Fig. 7-19
parameters are met. TL874f719

P1135, P1155: All A/F sensors are monitored for abnormal heater condition. The ECM
A/F Sensor checks the amount of current required for the sensor heater. If the
Heater Monitor current is too high or too low, a DTC will be set. If the current level
detected is too high, the ECM will shut off the heater. When this
happens, a P0125 can set.

The ECM provides a pulse width modulated control circuit to adjust

current through the heater. On engines with two A/F sensors, the A/F
sensor Heater circuit uses a relay on the B+ side of the circuit. In early
models, heater DTCs are two trip detection. Beginning with 2001
models, a phased change to one trip DTC detection began.

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

A/F Sensor
Heater Monitoring
P1135, P1155 (Circuit Current)

Fig. 7-20
TL874f720

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-23

Section 7

A/F Sensor
DTC(s)

P0125: After the engine is warmed up, A/F sensor Output* does not change
Coolant when conditions (a), (b), (c), and (d) continue for at least 1.5 min.:
Temperature
Insufficient for a. Engine speed: 1,500 rpm or more
Closed Loop
Operation b. Vehicle speed: 25 – 62 mph (40 –100 km/h)
(Bank 1 or 2
Sensor 1) c. Throttle valve is not fully closed

d. 140 seconds or more after starting engine

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P1130: DTC P1130 will set from one of the following conditions:
Circuit Range/
Performance • Voltage output of A/F sensor remains at 3.8V or more, or 2.8V or
Malfunction less, with engine running after the engine is warmed up
(Bank 1 Sensor 1)
• Voltage output of A/F sensor does not change from 3.30V, with
engine running after the engine is warmed up

• Open or short in A/F sensor circuit

(two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P1133: After the engine reaches operating temperature, engine speed is 1,400
Circuit Response rpm or more, vehicle speed 38 mph (60 km/h) or more, and if the A/F
Malfuntion sensor signal response is weaker than normal, DTC P1133 sets.
(Bank 1 Sensor 1)
(two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P1135: When the heater operates, heater current exceeds 8A or heater current
Heater Circuit is 0.25A or less. Please confirm heater resistance specification in the
Malfunction vehicle Repair Manual.
(Bank 1 Sensor 1)
(two trip detection logic, early models; phased change to one trip
detection beginning 2001 model.)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

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 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

P1150: DTC P1150 will set from one of the following conditions:
Circuit Range/
Performance • Voltage output of A/F sensor remains at 3.8V or more, or 2.8V or less,
Malfunction during engine running after the engine is warmed up
(Bank 2 Sensor 1)
• Voltage output of A/F sensor does not change from 3.30V, during
engine running after the engine is warmed up

• Open or short in A/F sensor circuit

(two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P1153: After the engine reaches operating temperature, engine speed is 1,400
Circuit Response rpm or more, vehicle speed 38 mph (60 km/h) or more, and if the A/F
Malfunction sensor signal response is weaker than normal, DTC P1133 sets.
(Bank 2 Sensor 1)
(two trip detection logic)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

P1155: When the heater operates, heater current exceeds 8A or heater current is
Heater Circuit 0.25A or less. Please confirm heater resistance specification in vehicle
Malfunction Repair Manual.
(Bank 2 Sensor 1)
(two trip detection logic, early models; phased change to one trip
detection beginning 2001 model.)

This DTC can be set due to other related parts failure.

NOTE When an A/F sensor DTC is found, it is important to look at each DTC
description carefully before proceeding with diagnosis. In addition to
P0125, the A/F sensors each have three DTC(s), one for a sensor
range/performance malfunction, one for response malfunction, and one
for the sensor’s heater circuit malfunction. Each DTC requires a different
approach to diagnosis. Refer to the Repair Manual for the proper
diagnostic procedure to follow for each DTC.

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-25

Section 7

Planar Cup
Planar
A/F Sensor
The newer planar A/F
sensor can be identified
by its shorter body.

The planar has the

heater integrated into the
sensing element. This

65
sensor has the same

52
detecting range as the
previous, cup type A/F
sensor.

Heater

30
30

Planar Element with

Cup Element
Integrated Heater
Fig. 7-21
TL874f721

Planar A/F A second generation A/F sensor (referred to here as the planar A/F
Sensor sensor) was developed to meet more stringent emission regulations. This
Operation A/F sensor reaches operating temperature faster than the previous
(referred to here as the cup element) A/F sensor. This allows the ECM to
go into closed loop fuel control faster when the engine is cold reducing
cold start emissions.

The planar A/F sensor has the same detecting range and signal
characteristics as the previous cup element A/F sensor. The major
differences are:

• goes into closed loop fuel control faster.

• heater element has a higher resistance.

• heater DTCs set in one trip.

NOTE This A/F sensor is not interchangeable with the older, cup element
A/F sensor.

7-26 TOYOTA Technical Training

 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

Planar Element Insulator

Exhaust Gases Trap
Like previous O2 and
A/F sensors, the planar
A/F sensor has ambient
air on one side of the
ZrO2 and exhaust gases Electrodes ZrO2
on the other side.

The aluminum oxide

layer conducts heat
directly to the ZrO2
element providing a rapid
warm up. Aluminum Oxide Heater

Heat Ambient Air

Fig. 7-22
TL874f722

The heater is imbedded into the aluminum oxide. When the heater is on,
the aluminum oxide conducts heat directly to the zirconium dioxide layer
bring the A/F sensor to operating temperature quickly.

Aluminum oxide is also an excellent electrical insulator. This prevents

any voltage from the heater affecting signal output. Cracks or element
contamination can alter signal output.

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-27

Section 7

Signal

ECM Monitored A/F Sensor Voltage (V)

4.0
Characteristics
3.8
The generated voltage 3.6
output signal is identical 3.4
to the previous A/F 3.2
sensor. A high exhaust 3.9
gas oxygen content 2.8
(lean) produces a higher 2.6
voltage signal. 2.4
Stoichiometry
is at 3.30 volts. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
A/Fl Ratio

Fig. 7-23
TL874f723

Planar A/F The detection logic for the planar A/F sensor is the same as the cup
Sensor Signal element A/F sensor EXCEPT for heater related DTCS. Please see the
Detection DTCs information on A/F sensor signal output DTCs P0125, P1130, P1133,
P1150, and P1153 in this section.

Planar A/F The heater circuit and operation is similar to the cup element, though
Sensor Heater amperage specifications are different. The heater monitor continuously
Detection DTCs detects over current or under current conditions and will set DTC in one
trip. Therefore, heater related DTCs (such as P1135, P1155) will be set
on the first trip when a malfunction is detected.

The heater resistance for the planar AF sensor is slightly higher than
the cup element A/F sensor. Heater resistance is checked with a DVOM.

HEATER PLANAR CUP ELEMENT O2 SENSOR

TEMPERATURE A/F SENSOR A/F SENSOR
20°C (68°F) 1.8 - 3.4Ω 0.8 - 1.4Ω 11 - 16Ω

A characteristic of this AF sensor is that when it fails it can drive the

A/F signal output high or low causing a rich or lean condition.

7-28 TOYOTA Technical Training

 O2 & A/F Sensor Diagnosis

A/F Sensor
NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS
Diagnosis Case
Using CARB Time$01 CID$01........ Pass Driving the vehicle after the DTCs
Time$02 CID$01........ Pass were cleared, TIME$07 showed FAIL,
Time$02 CID$02........ Pass A/F Sensor Heater.
Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
Time$02 CID$04........ Pass
Time$04 CID$02........ Pass
Time$05 CID$01........ Pass
Time$05 CID$02........ Pass
Time$06 CID$01........ Pass
Time$06 CID$10........ Pass
Time$07 CID$01........ Pass
Time$07 CID$10........ Fail


CONTINUOUS TESTS
ECU: $10 (Engine) Pending codes or Mode 7 reported
Number of Tests: 1
DTC P1150
P1150
Manufacturer Controlled
Fuel and Air Metering


ECU: $10 (Engine)
Number of DTCs: 1
MIL ON
Further driving on the same trip
P0125
Insufficient Coolant produced DTC P0125, and the MIL
Temperature for Closed turned on.
Loop Fuel Control


FREEZE FRAME 0

TROUBLE CODE......... P0125

ENGINE SPD......... 1833RPM
COOLANT TEMP......... 187˚F
VEHICLE SPD.......... 37MPH
CALC LOAD............ 49.8% The Freeze Frame recorded P0125.
FUEL SYS #1........ OLDRIVE
FUEL SYS #2........ OLDRIVE
SHORT FT #1........... 0.0%
LONG FT #1........... -1.5%
SHORT FT #2.......... -0.0%
LONG FT #2............ 3.9%

Fig. 7-24
Conclusion: Mode 6 and 7 displayed the reason for P0125, an A/F Sensor Heater not functioning.
TL874f724

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-29

Section 7

7-30 TOYOTA Technical Training

 WORKSHEET 7-1
A/F Sensor Tests

(Instructors’Copy)
Vehicle Year/ Prod. Date Engine Transmission

Worksheet Objectives
In this worksheet, you will use the Diagnostic Tester to test A/F sensor performance and compare to
specifications to determine condition.

Tools and Equipment

• Vehicle Repair Manual

• Vehicle EWD

• Diagnostic Tester

• Hand Tool Set

Section 1: A/F Sensor

1. With the key on and engine off, measure voltage between ECM terminals HAFR and HAFL and body ground.

A/F Sensor Circuit Test HAFL (+)

HAFR (+)

TL874f7w71

2. Use the EWD to trace the A/F Sensor Heater circuit.

This test confirms the operation of which components and continuity of which circuits?

The A/F Heater, Heater Relay, and heater circuit.

3. Using the repair manual(s), compare the resistance of an O2 sensor heater to the A/F sensor heater.

4. What is the major difference between the two sensors?

A/F has lower resistance
Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-31
Worksheet 7-1

Section 2: A/F Sensor Response

Connect the Diagnostic Tester. With the engine at operating temperature, go to DATA LIST, USER DATA and
select one of the A/F sensors, SHORT TERM FUEL TRIM, and select ENTER. Select F4. With a set of jumper
leads, connect a Fluke 87 (or comparable) DVOM in series with the A/F signal wire. Make sure, the + lead is
in the milliamp socket.

1. Record A/F sensor engine idling. Briefly, snap the throttle wide open and release. What happened?

Voltage change up & down

2. Disconnect a vacuum hose. Was there a change to A/F voltage signal and Short Term Fuel Trim?

Yes
3. Reconnect vacuum hose.

4. Predict what will happen to A/F signal voltage and amperage if more fuel is added?

Voltage will go down

5. Go to INJECTOR VOLUME ACTIVE TEST. Increase injector duration. What happened to A/F sensor voltage
and amperage signal?

Voltage goes down

6. Decrease injector duration. What happened to A/F sensor signal voltage amperage?

Voltage goes up
Test or confirm repair method using CARB OBD II Readiness Tests.

1. Access READINESS TEST Mode under CARB OBD II. What does it report?

It reports monitor status

7-32 TOYOTA Technical Training

 A/F Sensor Tests

Case 1
After DTCs were cleared, an A/F sensor equipped vehicle was driven one trip according to the drive pattern.
Answer the following questions using the listed screen prints.

READINESS TEST NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS

MISFIRE MON.......... AVAIL Time$01 CID$01........ Pass

FUEL SYS MON......... AVAIL Time$02 CID$01........ Pass
COMP MON............. AVAIL Time$02 CID$02........ Pass
CAT EVAL............. COMPL Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
HTD CAT EVAL........... N/A Time$02 CID$04........ Pass
EVAP EVAL........... INCMPL Time$04 CID$02........ Pass
2nd AIR EVAL........... N/A Time$05 CID$01........ Pass
A/C EVAL............... N/A Time$05 CID$02........ Pass
O2S EVAL............ INCMPL Time$06 CID$01........ Pass
O2S HTR EVAL........ INCMPL Time$06 CID$10........ Pass
EGR EVAL............. COMPL Time$07 CID$01........ Pass
Time$07 CID$10........ Pass

TL874f7w71

2. Do the screens indicate a problem with the vehicle?

The A/F Sensor and heater evaluations have not been determined.
3. What area(s) is affected?

Inconclusive
4. Will there be DTC(s) and Freeze Frame?

No

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-33

Worksheet 7-1

Case 2
An A/F sensor equipped vehicle was driven after DTCs were cleared. Answer the questions from the following
screens.

READINESS TEST NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS

MISFIRE MON.......... AVAIL Time$01 CID$01........ Pass

FUEL SYS MON......... AVAIL Time$02 CID$01........ Pass
COMP MON............. AVAIL Time$02 CID$02........ Pass
CAT EVAL............ INCMPL Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
HTD CAT EVAL........... N/A Time$02 CID$04........ Pass
EVAP EVAL........... INCMPL Time$04 CID$02........ Pass
2nd AIR EVAL........... N/A Time$05 CID$01........ Pass
A/C EVAL............... N/A Time$05 CID$02........ Pass
O2S EVAL............ INCMPL Time$06 CID$01........ Pass
O2S HTR EVAL........ INCMPL Time$06 CID$10........ Pass
EGR EVAL............ INCMPL Time$07 CID$01........ Pass
Time$07 CID$10........ Fail

TL874f7w71

1. Do the screens indicate a problem with the vehicle?

The O2 (A/F) HTR did run and failed. The A/F Sensor monitor evaluation has not been determined.
2. What area(s) is affected?

A/F heater circuit.

3. Will there be DTC(s) and Freeze Frame?

Not on the first trip for heater, but P0125 will set if driven properly.

7-34 TOYOTA Technical Training

 A/F Sensor Tests

Case 3
After DTCs were cleared, an A/F sensor equipped vehicle was driven one trip according to the drive pattern.
Answer the following questions using the listed screen prints.

READINESS TEST NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS

MISFIRE MON.......... AVAIL Time$01 CID$01........ Pass

FUEL SYS MON......... AVAIL Time$02 CID$01........ Pass
COMP MON............. AVAIL Time$02 CID$02........ Pass
CAT EVAL............. COMPL Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
HTD CAT EVAL........... N/A Time$02 CID$04........ Pass
EVAP EVAL............ COMPL Time$04 CID$02........ Pass
2nd AIR EVAL........... N/A Time$06 CID$01........ Fail
A/C EVAL............... N/A Time$06 CID$10........ Pass
O2S EVAL............ INCMPL Time$07 CID$01........ Pass
O2S HTR EVAL......... COMPL Time$07 CID$10........ Pass
EGR EVAL............... N/A Time$08 CID$01........ Pass

TL874f7w71

1. Do the screens indicate a problem with the vehicle?

Problem with an A/F Sensor

2. What area(s) is affected?

The A/F Sensor, circuit or some problem that can cause the A/F Sensor not to properly respond.
3. Will there be DTC(s) and Freeze Frame?

Not on the first trip unless the condition is severe enough to set DTC P0125. Pending DTC can be seen.

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-35

Worksheet 7-1

Case 4
After DTCs were cleared, an A/F sensor equipped vehicle was driven one trip according to the drive pattern.
The MIL illuminated. Answer the following questions using the listed screen prints.

FREEZE FRAME 0 NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS

TROUBLE CODE......... P0125 Time$01 CID$01........ Pass

ENGINE SPD......... 1833RPM Time$02 CID$01........ Pass
COOLANT TEMP......... 187˚F Time$02 CID$02........ Pass
VEHICLE SPD.......... 37MPH Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
CALC LOAD............ 49.8% Time$02 CID$04........ Pass
FUEL SYS #1........ OLDRIVE Time$04 CID$02........ Pass
FUEL SYS #2........ OLDRIVE Time$05 CID$01........ Pass
SHORT FT #1........... 0.0% Time$05 CID$02........ Pass
LONG FT #1........... -1.5% Time$06 CID$01........ Pass
SHORT FT #2........... 0.0% Time$06 CID$10........ Pass
LONG FT #2............ 3.9% Time$07 CID$01........ Pass
Time$07 CID$10........ Fail

TL874f7w71

1. Do the screens indicate a problem with the vehicle?

Yes, the problem is in the heater circuit.

2. What area(s) is affected?

A/F heater circuit

3. Will there be more DTC(s) on the second trip if driven according to the drive pattern?

Yes, A/F Heater DTC, if it is a two trip heater DTC.

7-36 TOYOTA Technical Training

 A/F Sensor Tests
Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: _________________________

Review this sheet as you are doing the worksheet. Check each category after completing the
worksheet and instructor presentation. Ask the instructor if you have questions. The comments
section is for you to write where to find the information, questions, etc.

I have questions I know I can

Topic Comment

Locate components using the

EWD and RM

Find wire colors, pin numbers using

the EWD and RM

Check condition of heater circuit with

DVOM

Accurately measure & interpret; oxygen

content of the exhaust gases based on
sensor signal data
Describe the primary difference
between the O2 sensor and the
A/F sensor

Use Modes 6 and 7 to determine

monitored A/F sensor results

Measure A/F sensor signal with DVOM

and determine engine operating
conditions

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-37

Worksheet 7-1

7-38 TOYOTA Technical Training

 WORKSHEET 7-2
O2 Sensor Test

(Instructors’Copy)
Vehicle Year/ Prod. Date Engine Transmission

Worksheet Objectives
In this worksheet, you will use the Diagnostic Tester and to check and test O2 sensor monitor performance
and determine needed action.

Tools and Equipment

• Vehicle Repair Manual

• Vehicle EWD

• Diagnostic Tester

• Hand Tool Set

Case 1
Answer the following from the screen shots. The O2 sensor equipped vehicle was driven after clearing DTCs.

READINESS TEST NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS

MISFIRE MON.......... AVAIL Time$01 CID$01........ Pass
FUEL SYS MON......... AVAIL Time$01 CID$02........ Pass
COMP MON............. AVAIL Time$02 CID$01........ Pass
CAT EVAL............ INCMPL Time$02 CID$02........ Pass
HTD CAT EVAL........... N/A Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
EVAP EVAL........... INCMPL Time$02 CID$04........ Pass
2nd AIR EVAL........... N/A Time$04 CID$01........ Pass
A/C EVAL............... N/A Time$04 CID$02........ Pass
O2S EVAL............ INCMPL Time$04 CID$10........ Pass
O2S HTR EVAL........ INCMPL Time$04 CID$20........ Pass
EGR EVAL............... N/A

TL874f7w72

1. What is the status of the O2S monitor and O2S HTR heater monitor?

Inconclusive, no determination
2. What does the Readiness Test indicate?

Indicates the status of the monitors

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-39
Worksheet 7-2

Case 2
Answer the following questions from the screen shot.

O2 SENSOR TEST (B1 - S1)

LOW SW V............ 0.350V

HIGH SW V........... 0.550V
MIN O2S V........... 0.025V
MAX O2S V........... 0.790V
Time $31............. 0.04s
Time $32............. 0.04s

TL874f7w72

Low SW V
High SW V
Min O2S V
Max O2S V
Time $31
Time $32

1. What information is given in this mode?

If the O2S monitor ran, and the sensor response.

2. What does Low/High SW mean and how is this information useful?

Low and high sensor voltage parameter for switch time calculations.
3. What does Min/Max O2S mean and how is this information useful?

The minimum and maximum sensor voltage during monitor operations.

4. What does Time $31/32 mean and how is this information useful?

The time the sensor crosses the high/low points. Indicates response.
5. Is the above O2 sensor good or bad?

Good

7-40 TOYOTA Technical Training

 O2 Sensor Tests

Case 3
An O2 sensor equipped vehicle was driven after DTCs were cleared. Answer the questions from the
following screens.

READINESS TEST NON-CONTINUOUS TESTS

MISFIRE MON.......... AVAIL Time$01 CID$01........ Pass
FUEL SYS MON......... AVAIL Time$01 CID$02........ Pass
COMP MON............. AVAIL Time$02 CID$01........ Pass
CAT EVAL............ INCMPL Time$02 CID$02........ Pass
HTD CAT EVAL........... N/A Time$02 CID$03........ Pass
EVAP EVAL........... INCMPL Time$02 CID$04........ Pass
2nd AIR EVAL........... N/A Time$04 CID$01........ Fail
A/C EVAL............... N/A Time$04 CID$02........ Pass
O2S EVAL............ INCMPL Time$04 CID$10........ Pass
O2S HTR EVAL........ INCMPL Time$04 CID$20........ Pass
EGR EVAL............... N/A

O2 SENSOR TEST (B1 - S1)

LOW SW V............ 0.350V

HIGH SW V........... 0.550V
MIN O2S V........... 0.378V
MAX O2S V........... 0.545V
Time $31............. 1.15s
Time $32............. 1.15s

TL874f7w72

1. Do the screens indicate a problem with the vehicle?

The O2 HTR did run and failed. For O2S EVAL, O2S Test Results indicate poor resp.onse
2. What area(s) is affected?

O2 heater circuit.
3. Will there be DTC(s) and Freeze Frame?

Not on the first trip for heater, but P0125 will set if driven properly.

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-41

Worksheet 7-2

Section 4: O2 Sensor Response

1. With the engine at operating temperature, go to Data List and note the O2 sensor voltage signal and Fuel
Trim. Disconnect a vacuum hose. Was there a change to oxygen voltage signal and Short Term Fuel Trim?

Yes
2. Reconnect vacuum hose.

3. Predict what will happen to O2 sensor signal voltage if more fuel is added?

Voltage will go up.

4. Go to Injector Volume Active test. Add fuel using the Active Test to increase injector duration. What
happened to O2 sensor voltage signal?

Voltage went up.

5. Decrease injector duration. What happened to O2 sensor signal voltage?

Voltage went down.

7-42 TOYOTA Technical Training

 O2 Sensor Tests
Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: _________________________

Review this sheet as you are doing the worksheet. Check each category after completing the
worksheet and instructor presentation. Ask the instructor if you have questions. The comments
section is for you to write where to find the information, questions, etc.

I have questions I know I can

Topic Comment

Locate components using the

EWD and RM

Find wire colors, pin numbers using

the EWD and RM

Check condition of heater circuit with

DVOM

Accurately measure & interpret; oxygen

content of the exhaust gases based on
sensor signal data
Describe the primary difference
between the O2 sensor and the
A/F sensor

Use Modes 6 and 7 to determine

monitored O2 sensor results

Engine Control Systems II - Course 874 7-43