UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM)
ALOR GAJAH CAMPUS
FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA STUDIES
FKPM
QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS IN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
MC242 4B
The Effects of Smartphones Addiction: How it affects Student Self-Esteem
MARCH 12TH, 2020
PREPARED BY:
AHMAD ADLI BIN JALALUDIN 2018679814
MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN MOHD JAILANI 2018223062
MUHAMMAD NUR AIMAN BIN RASHIDI 2018226286
NUR RINA IRDINA BINTI ROSLI 2018424444
PREPARED FOR:
MADAM HAMIDAH MUHD IRPAN
1.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Nowadays, individuals are seen to have difficulty on holding face-to-face conversations and
communicating effectively as they have been communicating completely through the
applications available on the smartphones. This will lead to miscommunication and will result
in misunderstanding of information through the use of smartphones. The use of smartphone
can be addictive to the users. Smartphone addiction is a reality or phenomenon that refers to
uncontrollability of smartphone use. People that is addicted to smartphone encounter social,
psychological, and health problems (Heron et al., 2004, Young, 1999).
Although the fact that the smartphone is an extremely useful tool and simplifies the
performance of ample social and personal functions, addiction to it can give rise to problems
to self-esteem and in interactions with others. It also can interfere with other activities in daily
life, alter the rules for interpersonal relationships. As mentioned by Wajcman et al., (2007)
adolescents are a high-risk group for smartphone addiction. Adolescents are strongly
attached to their smartphone, and they regard a smartphone as their second self that helps
to settle many purposes. Many smartphone users have reported that they would not be able
to live without a smartphone. Nowadays, teenagers are more likely seen to be addicted to
their smartphones. As according to Mike (2019), research reveals that teenagers who were
frequent users of smartphones could be addicted to these devices due to low self-esteem
issues.
2.0 CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION
2.1 Cell phone
Cell phone is a small portable radio telephone that connects to other through a system
of transmitters each of which covers a limited geographical area.
2.2 Smart phone
Smart phone is a device that performs many of the functions of a computer, that has
internet access, an operating system capable of running downloaded applications and
specifically with a touch screen interface.
2.3 Interaction
Interaction is a communication process that involves between two or more people.
2.4 Social Media
Social media is an electronic communication platform which people can spread ideas,
information, personal message or any other related communication purpose.
(Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, Websites and etc)
2.5 Self-esteem
Self-esteem is satisfaction or confidence in oneself. It is also can be define as
personality trait, which tend to be enduring and stable.
3.0 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study are:
1. To identify the smartphone addiction level among UiTM students.
2. To investigate the significant difference of addiction between male and female UiTM
students.
3. To investigate the relationship between self-esteem and smart phone addiction.
4.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. To identify the smartphone addiction level among UiTM students.
2. To investigate the significant difference of addiction between male and female UiTM
students.
3. To investigate the relationship between self-esteem and smart phone addiction.
5.0 HYPOTHESIS
Researchers assumes that the self-esteem of UiTM students is affected by the level of
smartphone addiction. Researchers would like to prove that the higher the level of smartphone
addiction, the more it effects the self-esteem.
6.0 SCOPE OF RESEARCH
This study was conducted to Universiti Teknologi Mara Students from random courses and
various age.
Scope of research:
1. Samples are close to researchers.
2. Samples are many and varies from each other.
3. Most of the samples are teenagers and usually associated with self-esteem issue.
4. If the smartphone addiction affects self-esteem among the students.
Objective 1
To identify the smartphone addiction level among UiTM students.
Statistics
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Addiction
N Valid 122 122 122 122 122 122
Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 4.70 4.56 4.56 4.29 4.25 4.469
Std. Deviation .628 .853 .681 .857 .947 .6084
Minimum 2 1 2 1 1 2.4
Maximum 5 5 5 5 5 5.0
Explain pasal mean ikut satu satu soalan
On average, students are not
Objective 2
To investigate the significant difference of addiction between male and female UiTM students.
H0: There is no significant difference of addiction between male and female UiTM students.
H1: There is significant difference of addiction between male and female UiTM students.
Sig value = 0.07
p-value: 0.05
RULE: If sig < p-value, reject H0
Since sig value >p-value, failed to reject H0
So, there is no significant difference of addiction between gender
Group Statistics
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Addiction Male 43 4.270 .5738 .0875
Female 79 4.577 .6025 .0678
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
95%
Confidence
Sig. Interval of the
(2- Mean Std. Error Difference
F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper
Addiction Equal
-
variances .073 .787 120 .007 -.3074 .1123 -.5298 -.0851
2.737
assumed
Equal
-
variances not 90.069 .007 -.3074 .1107 -.5274 -.0875
2.777
assumed
Explain mean lelaki atau perempuan lagi tinggi
Objective 3
To investigate the relationship between self-esteem and smart phone addiction. (categories)
H0: There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and smart phone addiction.
H1: There is significant relationship between self-esteem and smart phone addiction.
Sig value = 0.054
p-value: 0.05
RULE: If sig < p-value, reject H0
Since sig value >p-value, failed to reject H0
So, there is no significant difference of addiction between gender
Addiction Category * Self-esteem Category Crosstabulation
Count
Self-esteem Category
N Y Total
Addiction Category N 18 1 19
Y 77 26 103
Total 95 27 122
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
Value df sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 3.716a 1 .054
Continuity Correctionb 2.647 1 .104
Likelihood Ratio 4.747 1 .029
Fisher's Exact Test .070 .042
N of Valid Cases 122
a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.20.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
APPENDICES
QUESTIONAIRE
SD D N A SA
1. I will always use my smartphone responding to texts or calls.
2. I frequently use my smartphone for texts, video calls, and to check social
media.
3. I am often using my smartphone to text, email, video calls, social media,
read the news.
4. I am usually on my smartphone using it for work/school besides using it
for texting/calling, social media, etc.
5. I use my smartphone most of the time for work and school besides using it
for texting, calling, emailing, social media, listening to podcasts, etc.
Self-Esteem SD D N A SA
1. I am nervous to speak at social setting
2. I often text an individual rather than communicate to them face to face
3. I spend more time on smartphone rather than socializing face-to-face
4. I experience a feeling of loneliness because I am constantly
communicating behind a smartphone
5. I gained confidence whenever I am using my smartphone
