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Call by Address vs Reference in C++

The document describes call by reference in C++. It shows a swap function that takes integer references as parameters. When calling swap, the function can directly exchange the values of the arguments passed in, without needing to dereference pointers. This is because references allow the called function to modify the original arguments. The example demonstrates defining and calling swap with references, and how it exchanges the values of the variables passed to it without needing pointers or the dereference operator.

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73 views2 pages

Call by Address vs Reference in C++

The document describes call by reference in C++. It shows a swap function that takes integer references as parameters. When calling swap, the function can directly exchange the values of the arguments passed in, without needing to dereference pointers. This is because references allow the called function to modify the original arguments. The example demonstrates defining and calling swap with references, and how it exchanges the values of the variables passed to it without needing pointers or the dereference operator.

Uploaded by

ljjb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OS LAB CALL BY ADRESS & CALL BY REFERENCE Ex. No.

– 2

mn#include "stdafx.h"

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap(int *x,int *y);

void main()

int i,j;

i=10; j=20;

cout<<"\n the value of i before swapping is:"<<i;

cout<<"\n the value of j before swapping is:"<<j;

swap (&i,&j); // call swap() with addresses of i and j

cout<<"\n the value of i after swapping is:"<<i;

cout<<"\n the value of j after swapping is:"<<j;

void swap(int *x,int*y)

int temp=*x;

*x=*y;

*y=temp;

Asst. Lect. Amthal Khaleel Page 1 of 2


OS LAB CALL BY ADRESS & CALL BY REFERENCE Ex. No. – 2

Call By Reference
To illustrate reference parameters in actual use—and to fully demonstrate their benefits—the swap( )
function is rewritten using references in the following program. Look carefully at how swap( ) is
declared and called.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swap(int &x, int &y); // Declare swap() using reference parameters.

int main()
{
int i, j;
i = 10;
j = 20;
cout << "Initial values of i and j: ";
cout << i << ' ' << j << '\n';
swap(j, i);
cout << "Swapped values of i and j: ";
cout << i << ' ' << j << '\n';
return 0;
}

/* Here, swap() is defined as using call-by-reference,


not call-by-value. Thus, it can exchange the two
arguments it is called with.
*/
void swap(int &x, int &y)
{
int temp;
temp = x; // save the value at address x
x = y; // put y into x
y = temp; // put x into y
}
Notice again that by making x and y reference parameters, there is no need to use
the * operator when exchanging values.

Asst. Lect. Amthal Khaleel Page 2 of 2

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