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Course: IT794 Compiler Construction Lab Manuaul Tools

This document provides instructions for installing and setting up tools for a compiler construction course, including Lex, Bison, GCC, and ANTLR. It outlines two options for installation on Windows using Flex, Bison, and Dev-C++ or WinBison and Dev-C++. For Linux/Ubuntu, it instructs to install Bison and Flex using apt-get. It also lists prerequisites of familiarity with programming language concepts and data structures. Finally, it provides specifications for a sample compiler project and an overview of using Lex to generate a lexical analyzer, including the structure of Lex files and examples of pattern matching with regular expressions.

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DESAI MANAD JAIMINBHAI
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61 views5 pages

Course: IT794 Compiler Construction Lab Manuaul Tools

This document provides instructions for installing and setting up tools for a compiler construction course, including Lex, Bison, GCC, and ANTLR. It outlines two options for installation on Windows using Flex, Bison, and Dev-C++ or WinBison and Dev-C++. For Linux/Ubuntu, it instructs to install Bison and Flex using apt-get. It also lists prerequisites of familiarity with programming language concepts and data structures. Finally, it provides specifications for a sample compiler project and an overview of using Lex to generate a lexical analyzer, including the structure of Lex files and examples of pattern matching with regular expressions.

Uploaded by

DESAI MANAD JAIMINBHAI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course : IT794 Compiler Construction

Lab Manuaul

Tools :

1. Lex / flex
2. Biason – Yacc
3. gcc
4. ANTLR (lex + yacc)

Installation and Setup

Windows

 Option 1
o Flex
o Biason
o Dev-c++ => gcc
o http://www.surajgaikwad.com/2013/10/compile-lex-and-yacc-progs-on-windows.html   
o Add path of flex, yacc , and gcc to environment variable PATH

 Option 2:
o Winbison => flex + bison
o https://sourceforge.net/projects/winflexbison/ 
o Dev-c++ from link given in option 1
o Add path of win_bison.exe, and dev-c++/bin for gcc to environment variable PATH

Linux/Ubuntu

 apt-get install bison


 apt-get install flex
Pre-requisite:

 Familiar with tokens, grammar, and implementation effect of programming language


 Data structures like Array, Linked List

Define Your compiler project and write following specification

Source Language // mini version of existing programming language OR your own programming
language
e.g. mini C (program file extension .c)
Target Language e.g. assembly language (file extension .asm) compatible with TASM
Tokens Data Type (minimum 2) e.g. int, char
Keywords
Operators Binary Artihmetic operators, Assignment
operator, + <any other operator of your choice>
Constants
Control construct
Loop construct
Comments // specify your desired comment pattern for your
programming language
Special symbols
Lex Tool

Generates Lexical Analyzer for source programing language of your compiler

Recognize token based on given token pattern

Input : Lex file (.l extension) specify patterns and actions for all possible tokens of source programing
language

Structure of .l file

A lex specification consists of three parts:

%{

section 1 : regular definitions, C declarations, include file

%}

%%
section 2: translation rules
%%
section 3 : user-defined auxiliary procedures

Where, The translation rules specify is in following form , each pattern is specified using regular
ecpression
p1 { action1 }
p2 { action2 }
…
pn { actionn }

Notation of Regular Expression

x match the character x


\. match the character .
“string”match contents of string of characters
. match any character except newline
^ match beginning of a line
$ match the end of a line
[xyz] match one character x, y, or z (use \ to escape -)
[^xyz]match any character except x, y, and z
[a-z] match one of a to z
r* closure (match zero or more occurrences)
r+ positive closure (match one or more occurrences)
r? optional (match zero or one occurrence)
r{1,5} match 1 to 5 occurrences of r
r{2,} match 2 or more occurrences of r
r1r2 match r1 then r2 (concatenation)
r1|r2 match r1 or r2 (union)
(r) grouping
r1\r2 match r1 when followed by r2
{d} match the regular expression defined by d

Examples 1 : spec. l // recognize Number pattern only

%{

#include <stdio.h>

%}

%%

[0-9]+ { printf(“%s is number\n”, yytext); }

.|\n { } // ignore all other characters and new line


%%

int yywrap(void) ///override function for windows, if reference error for this fuction
{
return 0;
}

int yyerror(char *errormsg) ///override function for windows, if reference error for this fuction
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", errormsg);
exit(1);
}
main()
{
yylex();
return 0;
}

Compile and Execute


 flex spec.l
 gcc lex.yy.c
 a < test.c

Example 2: Use of defining regular definitions (like digit, letter )and use in pattern.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
%}
digit [0-9]
letter [A-Za-z]
id {letter}({letter}|{digit})*
%%
{digit}+ { printf(“number: %s\n”, yytext); }
{id} { printf(“ident: %s\n”, yytext); }
. { printf(“other: %s\n”, yytext); }
%%
main()
{ yylex();
}

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