BA SIC DEFINITIONS,
POSTUL ATES &
THEOREMS
03/26/20
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Recall the following properties in Algebra on equality:
1) Reflexive Property
- any real number is equal to itself, thus
2=2
x=x
m=m
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Recall the following properties in Algebra on equality:
2) Symmetric Property
- changing the position of two equal
expressions does not change the equality between
them
If 5 = 2 + 3, then 2 + 3 = 5.
If x = y, then y = x.
If 𝛼 = 𝛽, then 𝛽 = 𝛼
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Recall the following properties in Algebra on equality:
3) Transitive Property
- if the first expression is equal to the second
expression and the second expression is equal to
the third expression, then the first and third
expressions are equal.
If 2 + 5 = 7 and 7 = 3 + 4, then 2 + 5 = 3 + 4.
If x = y and y = z, then x = z.
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Recall the following properties in Algebra on equality:
4) Addition Property
For any real number x, y, or z,
If x = y, then x + z = y + z
If 5 = 2 + 3, then 5 + 4 = (2 + 3) + 4.
If 7 + 11 = 18, then (7 + 11) – 9 = 18 – 9.
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Recall the following properties in Algebra on equality:
5) Multiplication Property
For any real number x, y, or z,
If x = y, then xz = yz.
If 7 = 4 + 3, then 7(8)= (4 + 3)(8).
1 1
If 3(6) = 2(9) , then 3 6 = 2 9 .
2 2
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Recall the following properties in Algebra on equality:
6) Substitution Property
For any real number x or y, then x and y may be
substituted for each other in any equation.
If x = y + 2, x can be substituted in place of (y + 2)
in the equation 3 (y + 2) + x = 12 to get
3x + x = 12.
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Recall the following properties in Algebra on equality:
7) Distributive Property
For any real number x, y or z,
x (y + z) = xy + xz.
2 (5 + 6) = 2(5) + 2(6)
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 3𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
PROPERTIES OF CONGRUENCE
The following properties hold for figures/shapes of the
SAME/EQUAL MEASUREMENTS.
1) Reflexive Property
o The length of segment of AB is equal to the
length of segment AB, that is, 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐵.
o The measure of angle A is equal to the measure
of angle A, that is, ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐴.
PROPERTIES OF CONGRUENCE
The following properties hold for figures/shapes of the
SAME/EQUAL MEASUREMENTS.
2) Symmetric Property
o If 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐶𝐷, then 𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝐴𝐵
o If ∠1 ≅ ∠2, then ∠2 ≅ ∠1 .
PROPERTIES OF CONGRUENCE
The following properties hold for figures/shapes of the
SAME/EQUAL MEASUREMENTS.
3) Transitive Property
o If 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝑋𝑌 , then 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑋𝑌.
o If ∠1 ≅ ∠2 and ∠2 ≅ ∠3 , then ∠1 ≅ ∠3 .
SEGMENT ADDITION POSTULATE
If B lies between A and C on a line,
then AB + BC = AC.
SEGMENT ADDITION POSTULATE
Moreover,
BC = AC – AB and AB = AC – BC
DEFINITION OF A MIDPOINT
A midpoint of a line segment is the
halfway point, or the point equidistant
from the endpoints.
DEFINITION OF A MIDPOINT
Thus, 𝐴𝑀 ≅ 𝑀𝐵, 𝐴𝐵 = 2 𝐴𝑀 𝑜𝑟 2(𝑀𝐵)
𝐴𝐵
and 𝐴𝑀 𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝐵 = .
2
NOTE:
𝐴𝐵 refers to the
segment itself while
AB is the length of
segment AB.
ANGLE ADDITION POSTULATE
If B is in the interior of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶, then
𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐶.
ANGLE ADDITION POSTULATE
Moreover,
𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 − 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 and
𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 − 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵.
NOTE:
𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 is read as
measure of angle
AOC.
DEFINITION OF AN ANGLE BISECTOR
An angle bisector is a ray that divides
an angle into two equal angles.
In this figure, 𝐾𝑀 is
an angle bisector of
∠𝐿𝐾𝐽.
DEFINITION OF AN ANGLE BISECTOR
Thus, ∠𝐿𝐾𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑀𝐾𝐽
𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝐽 = 2 𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝑀
𝑜𝑟 2(𝑚∠𝑀𝐾𝐽) and
∠𝐿𝐾𝑀
𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝐽
𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝑀 𝑜𝑟 𝑚∠𝑀𝐾𝐽 =
2
Note: ∠𝐿𝐾𝑀 is the angle itself while 𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝑀 refers to its
measurement.
LINEAR PAIR POSTULATE
If two angles form a linear pair, then they
are supplementary.
Thus, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = 180°.
LINEAR PAIR POSTULATE
Moreover,
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 180° − 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷and
𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = 180° − 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶.
DEFINITION OF ADJACENT ANGLES
Adjacent angles are any two angles that
share a common side, separating it to two
angles that share a common vertex.
DEFINITION OF VERTICAL ANGLES
Vertical angles are pairs of opposite
angles made by intersecting lines.
∠1 and ∠3 are vertical angles
∠2 and ∠4 are vertical angles
VERTICAL ANGLE THEOREM (VAT)
If two angles are vertical, then they are
congruent.
∠1 ≅ ∠3
∠2 ≅ ∠4
DEFINITION OF A TRANSVERSAL LINE
A transversal is a line that cuts across
two or more (usually parallel) lines.
THEOREM ON TWO PARALLEL LINES CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL
SUM OF THE INTERIOR ANGLES OF A POLYGON
If a convex polygon has n sides, then its
interior angle sum is given by the
following equation: S = ( n −2) × 180°.
SUM OF THE INTERIOR ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE
The sum of the interior angles of a
triangle is equal to 180°.
SUM OF THE INTERIOR ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE
Thus,
𝑚∠𝐴 = 180° − 𝑚∠𝐵 − 𝑚∠𝐶,
𝑚∠𝐵 = 180° − 𝑚∠𝐴 − 𝑚∠𝐶,
and
𝑚∠𝐶 = 180° − 𝑚∠𝐴 − 𝑚∠𝐵.
