GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SCADA SYSTEM
IN POWER SYSTEM
introduction
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
- Collect measurements and status data from the process
- Remotely intervene in the process
- Centralized system platform
- Based on distributed I/O
Applicable Processes
- Oil or Gas production facilities
- Pipelines for gas, oils, chemicals or water.
- Railway/Transportation Process
- Nuclear, Gas, Hydro generation plants
Scada antiquity
• First half of the 20th century
• Development from telemetry system
• Weather predictions
• Rail road tracks
• Two way system
• 1960s idea for supervisory
• 1970s radio system
• Oil pipe line monitoring system
• Modern computer based system
• Wireless network based system
Evolution of scada in power system
• Originally electrical power units used electro-mechanical automation
• Dial-up modems used for remote access
• In 1970s computer-based SCADA commenced
• Suppliers (e.g. IBM, Siemens, GE) supplied complete proprietary systems
• More advanced with client-server computers
• Advanced functions became common (e.g. EMS. DMS, load forecasting, dispatch, protection
engineering, regulatory reporting, etc)
• Communication link evolved from noisy narrow bandwidth telephone lines to sonet,
Microwave, radio, power line carrier, cellular networks
Scada
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Supervisory
• Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc
Control
• Monitoring
• Limited
• Telemetry
• Remote/Local
Data acquisition
• Access and acquire information or data from the
equipment
• Sends it to different sites through telemetry
• Analog / Digital
What is control by scada in power system?
• Tap changers
• Switching devices
• Shunt capacitor/reactor
• Generator set points
• Excitation & power output
• Sequential control
Working principal of scada
A SCADA system consists of a master station that communicates with remote
terminal units (RTUs) for the purpose of allowing operators to observe and control
physical plants. Generating plants and transmission substations certainly justify
RTUs, and their installation is becoming more common in distribution substations
as costs decrease. RTUs transmit device status and measurements to, and receive
control commands and set point data from, the master station. Communication is
generally via dedicated circuits operating in the range of 600 to 4800 bits/s
Architecture of scada
Major scada component
• SCADA Master Terminal Unit (MTU): The server that acts as SCADA system
• RTU/PLCs (remote terminal unit) : remote telemetry data acquisition units located at
remote stations
• IED (intelligent electronic devices) smart sensors/actuators with intelligence to acquire
data, process it, and communicate
• HMI (human-machine interface) : software to provide for visualization and interaction
with SCADA
Mtu & Hmi
Main component of Mtu:
Front End Processor
• Gathers all communications and converts them
into SCADA friendly communication
• Communication interface between several RTU
channels and the host Master Station computer
SCADA server
• It can be a Web server
• Data logging
• Analyzing data
• Serve the clients through a firewall
• Clients connected in the corporation or connected
outside through internet
• Real-time decision maker
• Asks RTU for information
Mtu & Hmi
Safety/History & Redundant Server
• Logs the data from the SCADA server and
stores it as a backup, in case of a disaster
• It is basically a safety server
Human Machine Interface Computer
• Access on the SCADA Server
• Control the system
• Operator Interface
• Software
• User friendly
• Programmable (C, python, android)
Sensors and Actuators
Sensors
• Pressure sensors
• Temperature sensors
• Light sensors
• Humidity sensors
• Wind speed sensors
• Water level sensors
• Distance sensors
Actuators
• Valves
• Pumps
• Motors
Remote terminal units(RTU) & plc
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
• Intelligent to control a process and multiple processes
• Data logging and alarm handling
• Expandable
• Asks the field devices for information
• Can control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)
• Slave/Master device
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
• Ladder logic
• Industrial computer that replaced relays
• Not a protocol converter
• Cannot control IEDs
• Communication compatibilities
• Takes actions based on its inputs
communications
Communication systems:
•Switched Telephone Network
•Leased lines
•Private Network (LAN/RS-485)
•Internet
•Wireless Communication systems
1. Wireless LAN
2. Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) Network
3. Radio modems
communications
Communication protocols
• MODBUS
• DNP 3.0
• Fieldbus
• Controller Area Network (CAN)
• Profibus
• DirectNet
• TCP/IP
• Ethernet
Network
Communication topology
DCS
DCS – Distributed Control System
• Process oriented – tendency to do something
• Not event oriented – does not depend on circumstances
• Local control over the devices
• Subordinate to SCADA
Alarms and safety system
Types of alarms
• Good alarms
• Critical failure alarms
Actions
• Override the normal control system
• Take over the actuators
Generation of scada system
A typical scada control room
A typical scada control room
Control room data analysis and engineering
Power system security monitoring and control by scada
Modern Scada system map
Difference between SCADA and DCS
• DCS is process oriented and needs to PLC/Controllers and also uses
for a high-speed communications .
• SCADA system is data-gathering oriented and needs to RTUs and also
covers larger geographical areas.
Thanks
