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General Physics 1. Module: Kepler'S 3 Laws of Planetary Motion

This document summarizes key concepts in general physics 1 including: 1) Gravity and gravitational force are natural forces that cause objects to be attracted to each other, proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them. 2) Kepler's 3 Laws of Planetary Motion describe the elliptical orbits of planets around the sun and relationships between their orbital periods and distances. 3) The Doppler Effect occurs when the observed frequency of a wave (sound or light) is different than the emitted frequency due to relative motion between the observer and source. The Doppler Shift formulae calculate this change in frequency.

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97 views2 pages

General Physics 1. Module: Kepler'S 3 Laws of Planetary Motion

This document summarizes key concepts in general physics 1 including: 1) Gravity and gravitational force are natural forces that cause objects to be attracted to each other, proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them. 2) Kepler's 3 Laws of Planetary Motion describe the elliptical orbits of planets around the sun and relationships between their orbital periods and distances. 3) The Doppler Effect occurs when the observed frequency of a wave (sound or light) is different than the emitted frequency due to relative motion between the observer and source. The Doppler Shift formulae calculate this change in frequency.

Uploaded by

Ruby Cocal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL PHYSICS 1.

MODULE
GRAVITY

 A natural force that cause the things to fall toward the earth

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

 The force of attraction between all masses in the universe

 G=universal gravitational constant and has a value of 6.673 X 10 -11 Nm2/kg2


 Force id directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to distance/radius.

GRAVITATIONAL FIELD

 It is a force field that exist in the space around every mass or group of masses.

GRAVITATIONAL FIELD LINES

 Lines/arrows representing the magnitude and direction of force


 The longer the arrow, the greater the magnitude
 The closer the lines, the higher the magnitude

KEPLER’S 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION

 Proposed by Johannes Kepler in 1600s after summarizing collected data of Tycho Brahe
1. The Law of Ellipses
o Explains that planets are orbiting the sun in a path described as an ellipse.
o An ellipse is a special curve in which the sum of the distance from every point on the
curve to two other points is a constant.
o Foci are the 2 other points in an ellipse.
o The closer the points are, the more closely he ellipse resembles the shape of a circle
o All planets orbiting the sun in a path that resembles an ellipse, with the sun being
located at one foci if that ellipse.
2. The Law of Equal Areas
o An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will
sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time
o Describes the speed at which any given planet will move while orbiting the sun.
o A planet moves fastest when it is closer to the sun and slowest when it is the far from
the sun.
3. The Law of Harmonies
o The ration of the squares of the periods of any 2 planets is equal to the ratio of the
cubes of their average distance from the sun
o Compares the orbital period and radius of the orbit of a planet to those of other planets
Waves

 Has many shape and forms


o Mechanical waves
 Longitudinal waves- sound waves (parallel)
 Transverse waves- water waves (perpendicular)
o Electromagnetic waves
 Light
 Microwave
 Infrared
 X-ray
 UV ray
 Radio wave

Doppler Effect

 Causes received frequency of a source to differ from the sent frequency if there is motion that is
increasing or decreasing the distance between the source and the receiver.

Doppler Shift

 Was given by Christian Johann Doppler 1842


 A shift in wavelength of light or sound that depends on the relative motion of the source and the
observer
 FORMULA FOR DOPPLER EFFECT:
1. When the source is moving towards a observer at rest
f´= ( ν / ν - ν s )* f
2. When the source is moving away from the observer at rest
f´= ( ν / ν + ν s )* f
3. When observer is moving towards the stationary source
f´= ( ν+νo / ν )* f
4. When observer moving away from a stationary source
f´= ( ν-νo / ν )* f
5. When both Source and observer moves towards each other
f´= ( ν+νo/ ν-νs )* f
6. When both Source and observer move away from each other
f´= ( ν-νo/ ν+νs )* f
7. When the Source is approaching the Stationary observer and observer moving away from it
f´= ( ν-νo/ ν-νs )* f
8. When the Observer is approaching the Stationary source and source moving away from it
f´= ( ν+νo/ ν+νs )* f

Where,
νs = Velocity of the Source
νo = Velocity of the Observer
ν = Velocity of sound or light in medium
f = Real or actual frequency
f' = Apparent or observed frequency

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